IFAs and EFAs: IFAs and EFAs: -- ‘‘essaiessai’’ of a qualitative analysis of a qualitative analysis

Expert Group Expert Group ––transnational company agreementstransnational company agreements

Brussels _ 27 November Brussels _ 27 November 20092009

Dr. Christian Welz _ European FoundationDr. Christian Welz _ European Foundation

208/12/2010

The European system of IRThe European system of IR

Intersectoral social dialogue

Sectoral socialdialogue

EWCsIFAs_EFAs

SEs

Cross industry Sectoral Company

national social dialogue

European social dialogue

08/12/2010 3

DDeefinitonfiniton

IFA

company agreement signed by a MNC and a Global Union Federation (GUF)

EFA

company agreement signed by a MNC and a European Industry Federation (EIF) and/or a EWC

08/12/2010 4

International and European Framework International and European Framework AgreementsAgreements

actors: MNC, GUFs > IFAs

MNC, EIF and or EWCs > EFAs

process: no legal framework at EU or international level

outcomes: 72 IFAs

73 EFAs

08/12/2010 5

European Framework Agreements in 10/08European Framework Agreements in 10/08

73 EFAs

- 52 co-signed by an EWC- 42 signed by an EWC only- 10 co-signed with EIF- 3 co-signed with national TU- leader: France

- with 38 EFAs in 14 companies- Suez (5), Air France/KLM (4), Vivendi (3),Total (3)

08/12/2010 6

IFAs in October 2008IFAs in October 2008

02468

1012141618

JP CA AU NZRS

A RU GB CZ PT BE DK NO LU IT ES SE NL FR DE

08/12/2010 7

IFAs / EFAs : 1998 IFAs / EFAs : 1998 -- 20082008

08/12/2010 8

Content _ international standardsContent _ international standards

8%13%ILO Tripartite Declar.

14%19%OECD Guidelines

22%23%Global Compact

32%26%UN Declaration on HR

12%55%ILO core conventions

24%69%General reference ILO

CCIFAs

8%13%ILO Tripartite Declar.

14%19%OECD Guidelines

22%23%Global Compact

32%26%UN Declaration on HR

12%55%ILO core conventions

24%69%General reference ILO

CCIFAs

08/12/2010 9

Content _Content _rights conferredrights conferred

52%91%Forced labour

62%91%Child labour

54%96%Freedom of association

90%94%Anti-discrimination

CCIFAs

52%91%Forced labour

62%91%Child labour

54%96%Freedom of association

90%94%Anti-discrimination

CCIFAs

08/12/2010 10

2006Ci110 000AA S

2002EWCRestructuring22.000Food and DrinkUnited KingdomDiageo

2002EWCSocial management25.000Finance BelgiumDexia

2004EWCRestructuring:Management of change

75.000BankingGermanyDeutsche Bank

2001EWCRestructuring100.000Food and DrinkFranceDanone

2006EWC (also on behalf of EMF)Social dialogue372.000Automotive industryGermanyDaimler Chrysler

2001EWC, French WC, ETUC, CECCSR122.000Utilities, construction

& telecomFranceBouygues

2005UNI (mandated by 18 unions of 8 countries), 5 French unions

Social dialogue and Restructuring112.000Finance, InsuranceFranceAxa

2006EMFEqual opportunities58.000Metal, energyFranceAreva

2004EWCH&S320.000Steel IndustryLuxembourgArcelor

2002EWCH&S320.000Steel IndustryFranceArcelor (Usinor)

2006SNB (SE), UNI Finance EuropaFundamental rights173.000Finance, insuranceGermanyAllianz

2007EWCTraining

200518 French unionsFinancial participation (participation)

200518 French unionsFinancial participation (interessement)

2000N.A.HRM: Sales and marketing staff

2000N.A.HRM: Mobility

102.500TransportFranceAir France KLM

DateSignatory parties on the employee sideThemesEmployeesSectorCountry

(Head-quarters)Company

08/12/2010 11

Content of EFAs

0 5 10 15 20 25

CSR

Training

Equal opportunities

Sub-contracting

Financial participation

Fundamental rights

Other

Data protection

HRM + Social Management

H&S

Social dialogue

Restructuring

08/12/2010 12

IFA _impact: ChiquitaIFA _impact: Chiquita

image improved from antagonistic to cooperative relationships with TUs

TUs highlighted the successes open recognition of both the IUF and COLSIBA by senior managementresolved difficult situations

IFA increased TU membership in company and suppliers

most significant successclose to 5,000 new members in Colombia

08/12/2010 13

IFA _impact: EDFIFA _impact: EDF

IFA contributed to social dialogue

both at national & international level

within each subsidiary local negotiations started re implementation of the IFA

social dialogue has been improved in certain countries

e.g. PLcreation of a works council for Asian countries

similar to an EWC

08/12/2010 14

IFA _impact: TelefIFA _impact: TelefóónicanicaIFA had a favourable impact on IR and fostered more respect for human rights at the workplace

both management and the trade unions have put the agreement into practice

adopted a better approach in resolving the difficulties encountered

IFA had a high added valuemechanism of ADR and as an early warning system

08/12/2010 15

IFA _impact: EADSIFA _impact: EADShead of business

within group > responsible for complianceemployees

informed orally or in writingin case of breaches

TUs and WCs may inform central management arbitration process

agreed by the Head of HR & the EWCsuppliers & subcontractors

asked to cooperate 'as best they can'

08/12/2010 16

9%

31%

46%

14%

resp. of entire supplychainno mention ofsuppliers/subcontr.inform suppliers

resp. of suppliers

Inclusion of suppliers &Inclusion of suppliers &subcontractors in the application of IFAssubcontractors in the application of IFAs

1708/12/2010

Level linkagesLevel linkages

Intersectoral social dialogue

Sectoral socialdialogue

EWCsIFAs_EFAs

SEs

Cross industry Sectoral Company

national social dialogue

European social dialogue

08/12/2010 18

growing interaction between:

a) intersectoral and sectoral dialogue in both directions

- telework sectoral > intersectoral- violence & harassment intersectoral > sectoral

- towards soft law outcomes

b) between the sectors

- crystalline sillica (15 sect. EMP and 2 EIF)- best value codes (textiles, cleaning, private security,

catering)

Level linkages at EU levelLevel linkages at EU level

08/12/2010 19

Level linkages at EU levelLevel linkages at EU level

c) sectoral and company level

- EIF = important actors at both levels- similar topics in European sectoral dialogue and EFAs

~ social dialogue, health and safety- crystalline sillica > more multi-sectoral agreements ?

d) company > company

- EWC agreements important mutual learning exercise > EFAs

08/12/2010 20

ConclusionsConclusions

transnational dialogue at company leveltransnational dialogue at company level

stable actors on EMP side, variable on TU side (GUF, EIF, EWC, nat.TU, nat. WC)no legal framework at international or EU levellimited impact on suppliers and subsidiarieslimited impact beyond Europe

IFAs/EFAs reflect traditions of European IR

concentrated in social market economies withcollective interest representation

08/12/2010 21

Further informationFurther information

http://www.eurofound.eu.int/publications

2009

christian.welz@eurofound.europa.eu