Post on 14-Apr-2018
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Monday 11th February 2013
CDM Regulations 2007Chris Hayward
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Agenda
Why do we need CDM - Purpose of the Regulations
Client
Designers
CDM Co-ordinator
Contractor
Health and Safety Files
Designer Interventions
The Future
Questions
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CDM 2007why?
European recognition of appalling rate of incidents within construction -50 fatal accidents in the UK last year
EU Directive interpreted under national legislation in the UK as theCDM Regulations
CDM 1994 wasnt working
The message was lost in bureaucracy
Health and Safety issues to be addressed from the initial stages of aproject;
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To avoid this.
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Principles
Early identification of hazard and risk;
Aim for health and safety to be integrated into normal management and
working procedures, not a bolt-on extra
Focus on actions to reduce and manage risk;
Co-ordination of Health & Safety across design, construction, use,
maintenance and demolition
Improved documentation throughout the life of a project
Reduce bureaucracy;
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Scope and field of application
All construction works in GB and its territorial waters
Some requirements only apply to notifiable projects
CDM 2007 applies to both employers and the self-employed
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Notifiable projects
Construction works expected to either:
- Last more than 30 working days;
- Or Involve more than 500 person days.
Notification to the HSE using the F10 form.
But:
DESIGNER DUTIES ALWAYS APPLY
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Clients
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Why are clients important?
Biggest single influence over the competence and resources of theconstruction team and the way the project is run;
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Who is a Client?
Developers
Local Authorities
Government or agencies
PFI
Insurance companies
Not domestic clients (provided project is not for profit).
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What clients must do ALWAYS
Check competence and resources of the project team (designers,contractors etc);
Allow sufficient time for each stage of the project;
Ensure that there are suitable communication and management
arrangements for the whole project to ensure that:
- The construction work can be carried out safely;
- Fixed workplaces are safe for use;
- There are suitable welfare facilities;
Co-operate with the project team;
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What clients must do NOTIFIABLE PROJECTS
Appoint a coordinator at the start of the design work;
Provide the coordinator with information:
- Likely to be needed by designers, PC, contractors;
- About the mobilisation period;
Ensure the HSE is notified (Client to sign F10);
Appoint a Principal Contractor;
Ensure that the construction phase does not start until:
- The PC has prepared a suitable H&S plan;- There are suitable welfare facilities;
Make sure the H&S file is reviewed, updated or prepared at the end of
the construction work.
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Provision of pre-construction information
To allow designers and contractors to identify hazards;
Hazards arising from previous works, site conditions, activities on or
near the site;
Information that can be obtained by surveys and other investigations;
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Existing On Site Risks e.g.
Boundaries and access;
Adjacent land use; Storage of hazardous material;
Locations of existing Services;
Ground Conditions, Underground structures, Watercourses;
Information about existing Structure, stability, Structural form, fragileor hazardous material;
H&S Information from Prior Projects (H&S File)
Asbestos;
Contaminated land;
Health Risks from Clients Activities.
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Existing on site risks
Example
Ammonia Plant
Low Pipe Bridge
Canal
Low canopy
Gas Compound andGovernor
Nitrogen Plant
Suspended Floor slab
with low capacity
Dust hazard to
asthmatics
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CDM Coordinator
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CDM Coordinator
Key project advisor in respect of construction health and safety riskmanagement matters;
To be appointed before design work, or planning or other preparation
for construction work is begun;
- i.e. before significant detailed design begins (includingpreparation of initial concept design and implementationof strategic brief);
If not appointed the client is considered to be the CDM coordinator
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CDM Co-ordinator: role and duties
Advise clients in particular on competence and resources of theirappointees;
Notify HSE about the project;
Ensure that design works and early planning are properly coordinated;
Identify and collect pre-construction information needed for designers
and contractors and advise client if surveys need to be commissioned
to fill significant gaps;
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CDM Co-ordinator: role and duties
Manage the flow of health and safety information between client,designers and contractors (e.g. CDM reviews, workshops etc.), even at
construction stage;
Advise client on suitability of construction H&S plan and of welfare
facilities arrangement at the start of works on site;
Produce or update the Health & Safety file.
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Design &
Planning
Feasibility &
Concept
Tender &
Mobilisation
ConstructionCommissioning &
Handover
CDM Co-ordinator
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Designers
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What is design?
To work out a structure by sketch
To Plan and Make Something
To intend something for a specific
purpose
A sketch, plan or drawing
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Who is a Designer?
Architects
Civil and Structural Engineers
Building Services Engineers
Temporary works designers
Contractors
Quantity Surveyors
Heritage organisations
The Client
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Designers
Reg. 11;
Ensure that they do not start design work other than initial design
unless a CDM Co-ordinator has been appointed;
Safe for use, provision of workplace regulations 92;
Provision of information:
- Notes on drawings;- Written information in the design;
- Suggested construction sequences.
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Designer duties
Designers have to:
- Ensure clients are aware of their duties
- Make sure they (the designer) are competent
- Coordinate their work with others as necessary tomanage risk
- Cooperate with CDM Coordinator and others
- Provide information for the Health and Safety File
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Designer duties
Designers have to avoid foreseeable risks So Far As Is ReasonablyPracticable by:
- Eliminating hazards from the construction, cleaning,
maintenance, and proposed use (workplace only) &demolition of a structure
- Reduce risks from any remaining hazard
- Give collective risk reduction measures priority overindividual measures
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Designer duties
Designers must also:
Take account of the Workplace Regs when designing a workplace
structure
Provide information with the design to assist clients, other designers, &
contractors
In particularinform others of significant or unusual/ not obvious
residual risks
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Designer duties
Designers have to be given relevant information by the Coordinator
Risks which are not foreseeable do not need to be considered
The Regulations do not require zero risk designs because this is
impossible.
Amount of effort made to eliminate hazards should be proportionate to
the risk
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Design risk assessmentthe HSE view
Inspectors may consider excessive and unnecessary paper work showsa lack of competence.
Designers should concentrate on reducing risk and not on managing
paperwork.
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Design risk assessmentan alternative view
Having an auditable trail to record key design decisions is oftenimportant for project and legal reasons.
Design risk registers are useful tools when used a live documents.
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Prosecutions
Person fell through fragile roof to their death. Designer, PlanningSupervisor and Contractor all prosecuted.
Prosecution for failing to design adequate temporary works to support
excavation.
Architect specified heavy blocks that contractor decided could only be
laid manually
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Worst case scenario
A sub contractor was working on the air conditioning
plant which was a built on a platform accessed via aladder at the edge of a flat roof. The roof only had a low
parapet which was not high enough to prevent him from
falling 9m to the ground.
Oxford Architects Partnership of Oxford was fined
120,000 and ordered to pay 60,000 costs
Speaking after the hearing, the Health & SafetyExecutive said:
Designers must ensure that plant and equipment can be
accessed safely and that safety harnesses are only used
as a last resort.
NB: Principal Contractor also fined 75,000 and orderedto pay costs of 68,000.
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Design Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
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Hazards e.g.
Falls people, objects;
Electric shock;
Drowning;
Confined spaces;
Fire;
Polluted or contaminated ground
Lifting, lowering loads
Services below and above ground;
Substances hazardous to health;
Moving plant and vehicles.
d
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Hazard
Something with potential to cause harm
I i i l h d id ifi i
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Initial hazard identification
Brainstorm ideasPrevious Projects
Talk to fellow design team members
Use Industry GuidanceUse Red, Amber and Green lists
Ri k
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Risk
The product of the severity and the likelihood that the harmwill occur
5 i k
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5 steps to risk assessment
1. Look for the hazards
2. Decide who may beharmed and how
3. Evaluate the risks anddecide whether existing
precautions are adequateor more should be done
4. Record the findings
5. Review and revise
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Identify
Hazards
Identify
Control
Measures
Review
Options
Is
Residual
Risk
Acceptable
?
RISK REGISTER
Implement
Control
Measures
What could
go wrong?
Assess
Risks
Monitor
Quantify
Rank
Mitigation
Management
Control
No
Yes
Update risk
register
Risk management approach
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ARC (cousin of E. R. I. C).
AvoidOmit, Substitute
Remove at source
Remove COMPLETELY
REDUCESubstitute with lower risk
Reduce exposure
CommunicateThe right information
To the right person
At the right time
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Simple Risk Register
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Current Register 130+ identified issues
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TimeCost benefits
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Ways of communicating
Notes on drawings
SHE Box
Narrative
Photos on drawings
Construction Sequences
Notes on as built drawings
Risk statements
D f d il
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information which they cannot be expected to know
stated only to the extent necessary to enable a competent contractor...................
to put appropriate precautions in place
Degree of detail
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Summarya practical approach
Initial hazard identification (IHI) then evaluate;
Determine the likelihood that harm will occur;
Carry out a risk assessment;
Apply ERICEliminate, Reduce, Inform, Control;
Change the design to mitigate the risk;
Re-assess the risk;
Update the IHI and CDM reviews;
Talk to your fellow design team members;
Document the process.
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(Principal) Contractors
i
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Contractor Duties
Part IV of the Regulations
Plan, manage and monitor own work and that of workers e.g.
- Work At Height
- Excavations
- Electricity- Many others..
Secure the site
Provide welfare
Train own workers
Most Important role?
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Competence
C C i i
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Core Criteria
Defined in Appendix 4 and 5 of the Approved Code of Practice
Provides details of standard to be achieved and gives examples
Knowledge
Understanding
Experience
NB: Think Corporate and Individual.
C f i i
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Competency assessment of organisations
Stage 1: assessment of companys organisation and arrangements for
health and safety;
- General H&S procedures
- CDM arrangements
- Accident frequency, enforcement notices etc.
Stage 2: assessment of companys experience and track record
A d f i
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A word of caution
A mans gotta know his
limitations
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Health and Safety File
H lth d S f t fil
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Health and Safety file
Only for notifiable jobs:
To be finalised at the end on construction phase, or when
needed (e.g. phased handover)
Project summary which records aspects of the
construction which have Health and Safety implications
D i C t ib ti t th fil
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Designers Contribution to the file
For example:
Residual design and hazards and how they have been mitigated. Cross
references to drawings etc.
Key structural principles e.g. bracing and tensioning
Changes to the original specification
Hazardous materials used.
Information regarding the removal or dismantling of installed plant and
equipment.
Fire Strategy
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Designer Interventions
Further examples
S f i D i
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Safety in Designlifecycle approach
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Construction
Design Consideration Aesthetics
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Design Consideration - Aesthetics
Fatality as worker fell from
platform
Life safety
Buildability
Design considerations - Cost
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Design considerations Cost
- Parapets are expensive.right?
Pre assembly
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Pre-assembly
Depending on site
access and availableroutes to the site, the
majority of steelwork
assembly can take place
offsite. As pre-assembly
of material reduces therisks on site, this aspect
of the project should be
explored during the
planning phase.
Pre installed edge protection
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Pre-installed edge protection
Lifting brackets and pre-installed edge protection improve lifting
practices. If the handrail cannot be installed, brackets are an alternative.
Simple but effective
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Simple but effective.
Installing glazing
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Installing glazing
Scaffoldless construction
What other factors to consider
during design?
What goes up
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What goes up.
Terminology
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Terminology
o Fall Restraint
o You cant fall
o Must be fitted and worn correctly
o Must be positioned correctlyo Requires Training
o Fall arrest
o You can fallbut not far
o Requires verycareful selection
o
Must be fitted and worn correctlyo Has a shock absorber
o Requires extensive training
o How do you get down? Trauma.
o Also netting...
Use of Mock ups
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Use of Mock ups
How to safely and efficiently construct
novel design features?
Risks to safety
Risks to programme
Improved means of access
Amended method statements
100 days of erection time saved on site
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Maintenance
MEWPSWhat could go wrong?
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MEWPSWhat could go wrong?
Facade lighting
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Facade lighting
Lamps protrude over the parapet
Risks from reaching out and falling
Solution to design stands that swivel
to bring heads back inside the
parapet.
Example - up lights and window actuators
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Example - up lights and window actuators
Risk of fall from height
Difficult to maintain
Fixed ladder to access walkway
Latchway on walkway
Windows open inwards
But
Has the risk been eliminated?.
Access to ceiling voids
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Access to ceiling voids
Void at 5 Metres
Large panels
Work at height
Manual Handling
Design for MEWP access
Hinge panels
No plant in inaccessible
areas of the void.
A word on ladders..
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3 D Modelling
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3 D Modelling
Services are difficult to
coordinate
Can lead to late changes in
design
Difficult to install andmaintain
Modelling can improve safety
and buildability
Existing on site risks
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Existing pipe bridge
East West Ditch contaminated
Existing access
Lockable gate to access to
pipe bridge stanchion
Existing utilities and
drainage in verge
New access required
Piles of unprocessed
materials
Security systems to bemaintained throughout
Upgraded
road Site in flood plain
Overhead pipe lines
Powered CSO Screen
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Screen mounted on alifting frame with guiderails so it could be
brought to the surface
for maintenance.- Reduces the frequency of
personnel entering thechamber for maintenance.
The chamber was pre-fabricated off site anddropped into place
Grasscrete
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Pre-cast Manhole
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Shoemaker's RowShaft,
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Heading & Re-Lining Works
Re-line a partiallycollapsed culvert
- Draining mine workings
- No option to abandon
Brainstorm options
Highlight risks andassumptions
Specialist tunnellingcompany used
Split flushing orifice plate
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Flow control
If become blocked can belifted from the surface
No confined space entryrequired in a floodedmanhole
Extended pile cap sleeves
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Proposed demolition or construction sequences
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Many internal walls and floors to be removed to leave the faade
Initial Designer needed to communicate their intent and understanding of the building to the
Contractors Temporary Works Designer
Sketches form a good basis for discussion with temporary works designer and are a an
example of good communication of risk
Useful documents
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Approved Code of PracticeThe ACOP;
Five Steps to Risk AssessmentHSE web site;
Designing for Health and Safety In ConstructionHSE
ISBN 0717608077;
CIRIA C662 - Construction work sector guidance for
designers
CIRIA C663 - Workplace in-use guidance for designers
CIRIA C611Safe Access for Maintenance and Repair.
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The Future
Possible Changes
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Domestic clients
The CDM-C
Competence
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Any Questions?