Post on 21-Feb-2021
chapter K
Agriculture
K 1-328. General note.
Basic statistics on agriculture are, for the most part, pre
pared by the Bureau of the Census which conducts the Census
of Agriculture, and by the Agricultural Marketing Service
and the Agricultural Research Service which prepare current
estimates.
Annual agricultural statistics have been issued by the
Department of Agriculture since May 1, 1863. Statistics com
piled by the Agricultural Marketing Service on crops, live
stock and livestock products, agricultural prices, farm employ
ment, and related subjects are based mainly on data obtained
by mail from nearly three-quarters of a million reporters,
mostly farmers. They are located in every agricultural county
in the United States and report on one or more items during
a year.
Beginning with 1840, a Census of Agriculture has been taken
every 10 years and, beginning in 1925, a middecade Census
of Agriculture has also been taken. Census information is
obtained by a personal canvass of individual farms. The first
census was limited in scope. It included such items as an
inventory of the principal classes of domestic animals, the
production of wool, the value of poultry, the value of dairy
products, and the production of principal crops. The num
ber of farms and the acreage and value of farmland were
first included in 1850 and in 1880 information on farm tenure
was first secured. A detailed classification of farmland ac
cording to use was first obtained in 1925; in earlier censuses,
farmland was classified only as improved land, woodland, and
other unimproved land (see chapter J). For brief discussions
of the comparability of various agricultural data, census to
census, see Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Agriculture:
195U, vol. II.
For each decade from 1840 through 1900, the Census of
Agriculture was taken as of June 1. The five decennial cen
suses since then have been taken as of April 15, 1910; January
1, 1920; April 1, 1930, 1940, and 1950. The 1925, 1935, and
1945 quinquennial Censuses of Agriculture were taken as of
January 1 ; the 1954 Census was taken in October and No
vember.
The definition of a farm has varied as follows from census
to census:
For the 1954 Census of Agriculture, places of 3 or more
acres were counted as farms if the annual value of agricultural
products for sale or home use (exclusive of home-garden prod
ucts) amounted to $150 or more. Places of less than 3 acres
were counted as farms only if the annual value of sales of
agricultural products amounted to $150 or more. Places for
which the value of agricultural products for 1954 was less
than these minima because of crop failure or other unusual
conditions and places operated for the first time in 1954 were
counted as farms if normally they could be expected to pro
duce these minimum quantities of agricultural products.
If a place had croppers or other tenants, the land assigned
each one was considered a separate farm, even though the
landlord handled the entire holding as one operating unit in
respect to supervision, equipment, rotation practice, purchase
of supplies, or sale of products. Land retained by the land
lord and worked by him with the help of his family and/or
hired labor was likewise considered a farm.
For the 1950 Census of Agriculture, the definition of a farm
was the same as for 1954. For the 1945 and earlier cen
suses, the definition of a farm was somewhat more inclusive.
For 1925-1945, farms included (1) places of 3 or more acres
on which there were agricultural operations and (2) places
of less than 3 acres if the agricultural products for home use
or for sale were valued at $250 or more. The only reports
excluded from the 1925-1940 tabulations were those taken in
error and those with very limited agricultural production, such
as only a small home garden, a few fruit trees, a very small
flock of chickens, etc. In 1945, reports for places of 3 acres
or more with limited agricultural operations were retained
only if (1) there were 3 or more acres of cropland and pasture
or (2) the value of products in 1944 amounted to $150 or more.
The definition of a farm in the 1910 and 1920 Censuses
was similar to that used from 1925 to 1940 but was even
more inclusive. In those years, farms of less than 3 acres
with products valued at less than $250 were to be included
provided they required the continuous services of at least one
person. In 1900, there were no acreage or production limits.
Market, truck, and fruit gardens, orchards, nurseries, cran
berry marshes, greenhouses, and city dairies were to be in
cluded provided the entire time of at least one person was
devoted to their care. For 1870, 1880, and 1890, no tract
of less than 3 acres was to be reported as a farm unless $500
worth of produce was sold from it during the year. For 1860,
no definition was given the enumerators. For 1850, no acre
age qualification was given, but there was a lower limit of
$100 for value of products.
K 1. Number of farms, 1850-1957.
Source: 1850-1900, Bureau of the Census, I7.S. Census of
Agriculture : 195U, vol. II, p. 4; 1910-1956, Agricultural Market
ing Service, Number of Farms, by States, 1910-1956 (revised
estimates), November 1957; 1957, "Number of Farms, by
States, 1957" (mimeographed release), February 1958.
For 1910-1957, figures are adjusted estimates that are not
exactly comparable with earlier data. Estimates for census
years were adjusted for underenumeration and for changes in
definition of a farm; estimates for intercensal years are based
on trend and on indications of change in acreage and livestock
surveys, in annual assessors' censuses in a number of States,
in Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation records, and in
other miscellaneous verifying data.
K 2. Land in farms, 1850-1954.
Source: Census years, Bureau of the Census, Censuses of
Agriculture, various reports; intercensal years, Department of
Agriculture, records (data obtained by straight-line interpo
lations).
Information on farmland values in scattered local areas is
referred to by P. W. Bidwell and J. I. Falconer, History of
Agriculture in the Northern United States, 1620-1860, pp.
70-71, 242, and 328. Similar information for Southern States
is found in L. C. Gray, History of Agriculture in the Southern
257
K 3-52 AGRICULTURE
United States to 1860, vol. I, pp. 403-406, and vol. II, pp.
640-645.
K 3. Total value of selected items of farm property, 1850-
1957.
Source: Agricultural Research Service, Balance Sheet of
Agriculture, annual issues.
Current market values of farm real estate, machinery and
equipment, and livestock are combined in this series. Esti
mates of the value of farm real estate are based upon census
reports and the annual index of farm real estate values, as
described in series K 7. Inventory values for machinery and
equipment and for livestock are based in part on census re
ports and supplemental estimates made by the Agricultural
Marketing' Service. A description of the estimates relating
to machinery and equipment appears in Major Statistical Series
of the US. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook
No. 118, vol. 3.
K 4-5. Value of farmland and buildings, 1850-1957.
Source: Agricultural Research Service, Current Develop
ments in the Farm Real Estate Market, various issues.
Data for years 1850-1910, 1920, 1925, 1930, 1940, 1950, and
1954 are from Census of Agriculture reports; figures for all
other years are estimates derived by applying the change in
the index of average value of land and buildings per acre to
these census benchmarks, recognizing1 changes in acres of
land in farms. All farm operators were asked to estimate
the market value of their farms in each census from 1850
through 1945. In the 1950 and 1954 Censuses, data were
obtained from all large farms and from a 20-percent sample
of other farms.
Average value of land and buildings per acre is obtained
by dividing the total value shown by the acres of land in
farms, using unrounded data.
K 6. Total value of farm buildings, 1900-1957.
Source : See source for series K 4-5.
Data for 1900, 1910, 1920, 1925, 1930, and 1940 are from
Censuses of Agriculture. Annual estimates since 1940 are
extrapolations from this date based upon estimates of the
market value of land with and without improvements obtained
from the regular crop reporters of the Department of Agri
culture. The average value per acre of unimproved land
(without buildings) is expressed as a percentage of the value
of improved land (with buildings) and converted to an index
with 1940 as 100. This index is then applied to a comparable
ratio obtained from the 1940 Census. Aggregate dollar values
of buildings are obtained by applying the projected ratios for
each State (buildings as a percentage of land and buildings)
to the annual estimates of the total value of farm real estate
mentioned in text for series K 3. The resulting dollar estimates
reflect the amount added to the market value of farmland by
buildings. They bear no direct relationship to the value of
buildings that would be derived by applying the cost-less-
depreciation principle to building valuation.
K 7. Index of average value of farm real estate per acre,
1912-1957.
Source : See source for series K 4-5.
See also Major Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook No. 118, vol. 6, for a more
complete description of methods used and limitations.
This index, which is available also by States, is designed
to measure changes in the market value of farm real estate,
including land, buildings, and such other permanent improve
ments as are customarily included when farms are sold. The
index is constructed from estimates of average value of farm
real estate per acre obtained from the regular crop reporters
of the Department of Agriculture. It is not based upon the
value of farm real estate obtained in the census. Between
15,000 and 20,000 reporters supply estimates of the market
value of farms per acre in their localities as of March 1,
July 1, and November 1. Although they undoubtedly base
their estimates in part upon actual sales, no sales data are
used directly in computing the index. Averages for crop-
reporting districts are weighted by acres of land in farms as
taken from the 1945 and 1950 Censuses to obtain weighted
State averages which are, in turn, weighted by acres of land
in farms to obtain regional and national averages. The
weighted dollar values per acre are then expressed as index
numbers.
K 8-52. Farms, by color and tenure of operator, and acreage
and value, by tenure of operator, 1880-1954.
Source: Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Agriculture:
1954, vol. II, pp. 954-959.
Data on farm-operator status was not obtained until the
Census of 1880. Studies of land tenure before 1860 are based,
necessarily, upon fragments of information. See Bidwell and
Falconer's History of Agriculture . . ., and Gray's History of
Agriculture . . . (see text for series K 2).
The 1900 Census of Agriculture covered the ownership of
rented farms, with particular reference to absentee owner
ship and the concentration of ownership. On a sample basis,
the Department of Agriculture made a study of ownership of
rented farms in 1920; the results were published as Bulletins
1432 and 1433. The Bureau of the Census and Department
of Agriculture cooperated on sample surveys in 1945, 1950,
and 1954 which were designed to show the portion of all
farmland owned by each major class of owner. The results
of these studies are published in Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Economics Research, vol. V, No. 4, 1953, and in
Agricultural Research Service and Bureau of the Census,
Graphic Summary of Tenure, 1954. A complete study of farm
land ownership in the United States was made in 1945 and
published as Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publi
cation No. 699.
In 1916, the Bureau of the Census published Plantation
Farming in the United States from a 1910 Census study
of plantations in 325 selected counties in 11 Southern States.
In the selected plantation area, 39,073 plantations were^ report
ed as having 5 or more tenants. Another study of plantations
was made in connection with the 1940 Census, but the results
have not been published. In 1947, the Bureau of the Census
published Multiple Unit Operations from a study made in con
nection with the 1945 Census of Agriculture. The Bureau
has also published volumes on multiple unit operations from
the 1950 and 1954 Censuses of Agriculture. In 1924, the
Bureau of Agricultural Economics issued Department Bulletin
1269, the results of a study by C. O. Brannen, Relation of
Land Tenure to Plantation Organization.
For the Censuses of 1880 and 1890 only the number of farms
was classified by tenure. Classifications by the color of the
farm operator and crossclassifications by color and tenure were
first made in the Census of 1900.
A farm operator, according to the Census definition, is a
person who operates a farm, either performing the labor him
self or directly supervising it. The Census definition of a
farm is based on operating units, rather than ownership tracts.
A farm may consist of a number of separate tracts held under
different tenures, some owned and some rented. Similarly,
when a landowner has several tenants, renters, or croppers,
the land operated by each is considered a separate farm.
Therefore, the number of farm operators, for all practical
258
MORTGAGED FARMS—FARM EMPLOYMENT K 53-75
purposes, is identical with the number of farms (series K 8)
and these items are used interchangeably.
In the color classification of farm operators, Mexicans are
reported as white. The nonwhite group includes Negroes, In
dians, Chinese, Japanese, and other nonwhite races.
Each farm was classified according to the tenure under
which the operator controlled the land. Land was considered
owned if the operator or his wife held it under title, homestead
law, purchase contract, or as one of the heirs or as trustee of
an undivided estate. If both an owned and a rented tract
were farmed by the same operator, these were to be con
sidered as one farm even though the tracts were not con
tiguous and each was locally called a farm. Farm operators
were classified as (o) full owners who own all the land they
operate; (6) part owners who own a part and rent from
others the rest of the land they operate; (c) managers who
operate farms for others and receive wages or salaries for
their services (persons acting merely as caretakers or hired
laborers were not classed as managers, and farms operated
for institutions or corporations were considered to be man
aged even where no person was specifically indicated as being
employed as the farm manager) ; (d) tenants who operate
hired or rented land only. Croppers are share tenants to
whom landlords furnish all of the work animals or tractor
power in lieu of work animals. Croppers were first classified
separately in the 1920 Census.
In the 1920, 1925, and 1930 Censuses, croppers were defined
as share tenants whose landlords furnished the work animals.
The 1935 Census schedule carried no inquiry on the method
of paying rent and, therefore, croppers for that year included
all tenants whose landlords furnished the work animals. The
furnishing of tractor power was not taken into account in
classifying croppers until the 1940 Census.
The greatest difficulties in making a classification by tenure
result from the sharecropper system. Briefly, the question
involved is whether the sharecropper should be considered
merely a type of laborer or a farm operator. In reality, crop
pers have some of the characteristics of both laborers and
tenants.
K 53-60. Number, acreage, value, and amount of indebtedness
of mortgaged farms, by tenure of operator, 1930-1956.
Source: Bureau of the Census and Agricultural Research
Service, US. Census of Agriculture: 1954, vol. Ill, pt. 5.
Information on the number of mortgaged farms has been
collected by both the Bureau of the Census and the Agricul
tural Research Service. Generally speaking, such data have
been published with the data on amount of debt in census
years, except in 1900 when no information on amount of debt
was obtained. For a historical summary and an analysis of
the data on number of mortgaged owner-operated farms for
1890-1935, see "Number and Percentage of Farms Under
Mortgage," Agricultural Finance Review, vol. 1, No. 2, No
vember 1938. The source cited above also includes State data
on the number of mortgaged farms in each tenure class for
1940, 1945, 1950, and 1956.
Farm-mortgage debt includes the unpaid principal of mort
gages, deeds of trust, sales contracts, vendors' liens, and all
other debt for which farm real estate is pledged as security.
Any farm which has a real estate mortgage is classified as
a mortgaged farm even though only a portion of it is mort
gaged.
These estimates are based on information obtained in the
Census of Agriculture for owner-operated farms, mail sur
veys of samples of farm owners (including both operators
and landlords), and reports from farm-mortgage lenders.
For each of the years shown, mortgage information was
obtained from full-owner farm operators in the Census of Agri
culture. Similar information was obtained by the Bureau of
the Census for part owners for 1940, 1945, 1950, and 1956.
This information was supplemented by data obtained in mail
surveys for land operated by part owners, tenants, and mana
gers. The 1930 mail survey was conducted by the Bureau of
Agricultural Economics. Later surveys were cooperative un
dertakings of the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Agricultural Economics or the Agricultural Research Service.
For information by States and geographic divisions and de
scriptions of procedures, see the source cited, and US. Census
of Agriculture: 1950, vol. V, pt. 8.
See also text for series K 8-52 for definition of tenure.
K 61-72. Farms and land in farms, by size of farm, 1880-
1954.
Source: Bureau of the Census, US. Census of Agriculture:
195A, vol. II, pp. 352-354.
See general note for series K 1-364 for changes in defini
tion of farm.
Since 1920, farms of 10 to 99 acres have shown a marked
decrease, farms of 100 to 259 acres a slight decrease, and
farms from 260 to 1,000 acres and over some increase. The
greater number of very large farms does not mean that family
farms are decreasing in relative importance. Rapid advances
in technology have enabled a given family labor force to farm
larger acreages.
With the development of better roads and more off-farm job
opportunities, farms of less than 10 acres increased in num
ber between 1940 and 1945, then decreased in 1950. This
decrease may have been due to the change in the definition
of a farm, which eliminated many small places previously
counted as farms.
K 73-75. Farm employment, 1910-1957.
Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Statistical Bulletin
No. 236, September 1958.
For detailed descriptions of farm employment concepts, see
Major Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Agriculture Handbook No. 118, vol. 7, pp. 8-12. See source
publication for geographic regional and State data.
These data are based on (1) data from the Census of Popu
lation used as benchmarks for 1910, 1920, and 1930, and data
from the Census of Agriculture used for 1940, 1950, and 1954;
(2) estimates of farm employment from nationwide enumer-
ative sample surveys made at intervals during 1945-1948, to
gether with historical data on the seasonal distributions of
man-hour labor requirements in farm production, used to de
velop measures of seasonal variation; (3) returns from the
monthly mailed questionnaire on employment on farms of crop
reporters, available since 1925; and (4) annual estimates of the
number of farms by States and regions used to expand "ad
justed" average employment per farm to obtain regional and
national estimates of total farm employment and of the family
and hired worker components of the total.
The source also presents monthly estimates of total farm
employment for 1950-1957 for the United States, for each
of the 9 major geographic divisions, and State data for 35
selected States.
Family workers include working farm operators, plus mem
bers of their families who did unpaid farmwork or chores for
15 hours or more during the survey week. All persons work
ing one hour or more during the survey week for pay at
farmwork or chores are classified as hired farmworkers.
Members of the operator's family receiving wages for work
on their farms are counted as hired workers. Sharecroppers
259
K 76-80 AGRICULTURE
are considered family workers when working on their own
crops but are classified as hired workers when doing farmwork
for pay off their tracts. A person employed as both a family
worker and a hired worker during the survey week on the
same farm is counted as a hired worker. The survey week
is the last complete calendar week in the month, but when
that week includes the last day of the month the survey week
is the next to the last full calendar week.
The average number of hired and family workers per farm
is computed for the reporting farms for all States. The av
erages are then adjusted by factors based on comparisons with
the last census level, labor requirements data, and the esti
mated seasonal pattern of employment based on the latest
census and special studies in selected States. The adjusted
averages are then multiplied by the estimated number of farms
in each State to estimate the number of family and hired
workers employed. Data from the census, State assessors'
reports, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation records,
and indications of change from the larger acreage and live
stock surveys are used in estimating the number of farms.
Annual averages of employment are simple averages of last-
of-month employment estimates. In addition to farm employ
ment estimates, monthly indexes of farm employment are
available.
Farm employment data were first collected through crop
reporters in October 1923. In 1938, the National Research
Project of the Works Progress Administration developed
monthly farm employment estimates for 1925-1936 from the
crop reporter data. See E. C. Shaw and J. A. Hopkins,
Trends in Employment in Agriculture, 1909-1936, Wopks Prog
ress Administration, Philadelphia, November 1938. Monthly
estimates have been made by the Agricultural Marketing Serv
ice and the former Bureau of Agricultural Economics from
crop reporter data for 1936-1957, using the methods developed
in the Works Progress Administration project, plus certain
recent refinements. Periodic revisions have been made as new
benchmark data became available from national enumerative
surveys or from Censuses of Agriculture. Following the 1950
Census of Agriculture, the entire historical series was re
examined and revised. Data for 1950-1957 reflect revisions
following the 1954 Census of Agriculture.
K 76-80. Farm wage rates, 1866-1957.
Source: 1866-1909, Bureau of Agricultural Economics,
Farm Wage Rates, Farm Employment, and Related Data, Jan
uary 1943 (processed) ; 1910-1957, Agricultural Marketing
Service, Farm Labor, January 1958.
Information on farm wages prior to 1866 is scattered; it
consists of individual records or covers only certain States
rather than the entire country. See Department of Agricul
ture, Bureau of Statistics, Wages of Farm Labor in the United
States, Miscellaneous Series, Report No. 4, 1892; same agency's
Wages of Farm Labor, by George K. Holmes, Bulletin 99,
1912; and T. M. Adams, Prices Paid by Vermont Farmers for
Goods and Services and Received by Them for Farm Products,
1790-1 9U0; see also Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station
Bulletin 507, Wages of Vermont Farm Labor, 1780-1940,
Burlington, February 1944.
The first investigation made by the Department of Agricul
ture of wage rates for hired farm workers was in 1866. In
the next 44 years, 18 similar studies were made at irregular
intervals. Then, for 1909-1923, inquiries were made annually
and, since 1923, quarterly. In all these surveys, question
naires were sent to the voluntary crop reporters.
For 1866-1909, crop reporters were requested to estimate
the average wages in the locality for the year. Sometimes
the inquiry was made in the spring and sometimes in the fall
or winter. When it was made in the spring, the year to which
the annual average refers is uncertain. For this reason, a
dual date is designated for certain of these years as, for ex
ample, "1874 or 1875." In each of these 19 investigations,
wage rates per day were obtained separately for harvest work
and other work. The data published here for these years are
the day rates for "other than harvest work."
The monthly wage rates (series K 77-78) shown for 1866-
1909 are not strictly comparable throughout this period. For
1866-1890, monthly wage rates shown are for workers hired
by the year. In addition, in the first three of the aforemen
tioned inquiries, crop reporters were asked for monthly rates
paid to workers hired for the season, which are published
by Holmes (see above). For 1891-1909, the monthly rate
requested was on a combined annual and seasonal basis. In
1909, the distinction was again made, but the two types of
monthly rates were averaged. The weighted average (re
vised) is published here. For the original averages of the
monthly rates for workers hired by the year and for those
hired by the season, see Holmes, Wages of Farm Labor, re
ferred to above. For 1866-1909, wage rates requested were
those paid to men doing outdoor work. In 1902, 1906, and
1909, rates paid women for domestic work on farms were
also requested.
Data from the 19 wage inquiries were published in 4 bulle
tins by the Bureau of Statistics of the Department of Agri
culture—No. 4 (1892), 22 (1901), and 26 (1903) of the "Mis
cellaneous" series, and Bulletin 99 (1912) of the Bureau of
Statistics series. In the first 3 bulletins, the rates were pub
lished without reducing currency to gold values, since the
monetary system was not on a gold basis; but in Bulletin 99
and in subsequent reports the wage rates for the period of
inflated currency values during and following the Civil War
were reduced to gold values. In Bulletin 99 the weighting
system, which was not uniform for all previous surveys, was
revised and wage-rate data for all 19 surveys were recomputed.
The number of male agricultural laborers in each State, as
reported by the census of occupations, was used as the weight
to obtain United States and major region averages from
State average wage rates.
For 1909-1923, annual inquiries on farm wage rates in their
localities were made of crop reporters. They were asked
about monthly rates with and without board; and about daily
rates with and without board "at harvest" and for "other
than harvest labor." In 1923, to give an overlap for linking
purposes, a quarterly inquiry was initiated. The new quarterly
series eliminated the distinction between day rates for harvest
work and for nonharvest work; it changed the time reference
of day rates to "average wage rates being paid to hired labor
at the present time in your locality," with an additional in
struction to include in the estimates of day rates "average
daily earnings of piece workers." The new rates obtained
after 1923 are probably more nearly comparable with the old
daily wage rates for "other than harvest work" than they
are with either the old daily rates for harvest work or with
a combination of the two types of daily rates.
For 1923-1948, the questions asked crop reporters on wage
rates continued in almost exactly the same form. In 1948,
the wage rate series was changed to include more different
kinds of rates and to specify more clearly the perquisites re
ceived in addition to cash wages. Value of perquisites is not
included in wage rates obtained—they are cash rates only.
The types of rates currently obtained are as follows; Per
month with board and room, per month with house (no meals),
per week with board and room, per week without board or
room, per day with board and room, per day with house (no
260
FARM LABOR—CROP ACREAGE K 81-103
meals), per day without board or room, per hour with house
(no meals), and per hour without board or room.
Rates for 1949-1957 are not exactly comparable with rates
for previous years. They only approximate the rates denoted
in the series headings and represent averages for the follow
ing rates: Per month with board and room, per month with
house, per day with board and room, and per day without
board or room.
Average rates based on data reported by crop reporters are
published quarterly and annually in Agricultural Marketing
Service, Farm Labor, but annually only in the Department of
Agriculture, Agricultural Statistics. Both quarterly and an-*
nual average rates are published for States, nine major geo
graphic divisions, and the United States. The annual average
rates are averages of the quarterly averages weighted by the
number of hired farm workers employed each quarter.
Since employment data are for approximately the last week
of the month and wage rates are usually reported a few days
before the end of the month, they must be weighted to center
on July 1 (the midpoint in the calendar year) in computing
an annual average. The annual average is a 5-quarter aver
age based on data for January of the current year and January
of the following year. The use of only the January current
year data would not properly weight the changes after Oc
tober 1, especially when rates are rising or falling significantly.
K 81. Farmers' expenditures for hired labor, 1910-1957.
Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, The Farm Income
Situation, July 1958 (No. 174).
Data for census years are from Bureau of the Census; inter-
censal year figures are Agricultural Marketing Service esti
mates. For a detailed description of concepts and methods,
see Major Statistical Series of the IAS. Department of Agri
culture, Agriculture Handbook No. 118, vol. 3.
Estimates of farmers' total expenditures for hired labor are
available for 1929 and since 1949 for individual States. The
total farm labor bill is divided between cash wages and the
value of perquisites furnished. It is also divided between
the wages paid to workers living on farms and those not living
on farms.
K 82. Index man-hours of labor used for farmwork, 1910-
1957.
Source: Department of Agriculture, Changes in Farm Pro
duction and Efficiency, Statistical Bulletin No. 233, August
1958.
Man-hours of labor used in farming are estimated by apply
ing regional average man-hours per acre of crops and per
head or unit of production of livestock to the official estimates
of acreages and numbers made by the Agricultural Marketing
Service.
Time for farm maintenance or general overhead work is
calculated separately and added to the direct hours for crops
and livestock to obtain the total number of man-hours. An
nual man-hours per acre or per head are estimated by interpo
lating between or extrapolating from benchmarks.
Benchmarks are estimates of labor used per acre and per
head in each State converted to a geographic-division basis.
State estimates for 1939, 1944, and 1950 appear in two reports
of the former Bureau of Agricultural Economics (Labor Re
quirements for Crops and Livestock, 1943, and Labor Require
ments in thf United States, 1939 and 1944) and in reports of
the Agricultural Research Service (Labor Used for Field Crops,
Statistical Bulletin No. 144, June 1954; and Labor Used for
Livestock, Statistical Bulletin No. 161, 1955). Similar bench
marks for 1910, 1919, and 1929 developed from data in the
Works Progress Administration National Research Project re
ports were summarized in that agency's Changing Technology
and Employment in Agriculture, 1941. These reports were
based on extensive field surveys, while the first-mentioned
studies were based on secondary data.
The interpolation of numbers of man-hours per acre or per
animal between benchmarks and extrapolation beyond bench
marks are modified by several factors. For crops, these in
clude such items as yields per acre, utilization of the crop,
methods of harvest, and source of power as indicated by num
bers of tractors and work stock on farms. For livestock,
the modifiers include such factors as size of enterprise, pro
duction per animal, and extent of different methods and prac
tices followed.
For more detailed explanation, for the aggregate man-hours
upon which the indexes are based, and for other more de
tailed data, see Major Statistical Series of the UJS. Department
of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook No. 118, vol. 2.
K 83-97. Man-hours used to produce specified amounts of
wheat, corn, and cotton, 1800-1950.
Source: 1800-1940, Department of Agriculture, Progress of
Farm Mechanization, Miscellaneous Publication No. 630, Octo
ber 1947; 1950, Labor Used for Field Crops, Statistical Bulle
tin No. 144, June 1954.
In Publication No. 630, the yield of cotton was reported in
gross weight, including an allowance for the weight of bagging
and ties on a standard bale. In series K 96, the yield was
converted to pounds of cotton lint which corresponds to the
current method of reporting yields of cotton.
The 1950 figures for yield per acre (series K 86, K 91,
and K 96) are averages for 1948-1952. This agrees with the
procedure for computing yields for the other years. Because
of the higher 5-year average yield and because the time re
quired to pick cotton is closely related to the yield, it was
necessary to raise the number of man-hours used in harvest
ing cotton (series K 95) above those shown in Bulletin No.
144. -The numbers of hours used in harvesting wheat and
corn were not adjusted because the 5-year average yield did
not differ significantly from the 1950 yield.
The numbers of man-hours per acre (series K 83-85, K 88-
90, and K 93-95) are estimated from data on labor require
ments published by State and Federal agencies. A list of
such publications appears in Bureau of Agricultural Economics,
A Partial List of Publications on Farm Labor Requirements by
Commodities, 1943. For recent years, the estimates of man-
hours per acre, like those in Bulletin No. 144, have been
developed on a State basis. Related data used in preparing
the estimates include sources of farm power as indicated by
numbers of tractors, work stock and associated machines on
farms, yield per acre, and methods of harvesting. These re
lated materials are too numerous to list, but, as an example,
see Department of Agriculture, Harvesting Corn for Grain,
Statistical Bulletin No. 129, 1953.
The figures for yields (series K 86, K 91, and K 96) were
developed from Agricultural Marketing Service acreage and
production data (series K 265-266, K 269-270, and K 301-
302).
K 98-103. Acreages of harvested crops, by use, and indexes
of cropland used for crops and crop production per acre,
1910-1957.
Source : See source for series K 82.
488910 O - 40 - 18261
K 104-115 AGRICULTURE
These data measure changes in the total acreage of crops
harvested and in acreages used for different broad purposes.
Acreages for harvested crops do not include pasture. The
total number of crop acres harvested consists of acreages of
the 59 crops harvested (excluding duplication) plus acreages
in tree fruits, small fruits, tree nuts, and farm gardens.
Acreages of several minor crops, which are not included,
have accounted for about 0.5 million acres in recent years.
Basic data for the estimates are published in the releases of
the Agricultural Marketing Service and in the Census of Agri
culture reports from the Bureau of the Census.
Acreages used for production of each crop exported are
determined by dividing the quantity exported by the average
yield per acre. Two steps are necessary in computing the
acreages of crops used to produce each of the livestock prod
ucts exported. The first consists of estimating the quantities
of each feed crop used to produce 100 pounds of pork, 100
pounds of milk, 100 dozen eggs, and so on. The second con
sists of determining the quantity of each feed crop used to
produce the products exported, and then determining the acre
ages needed to produce each feed crop, at average yields per
acre. Periodic 5-year average yields rather than yields for
each year are used.
Yield data for the export estimates are from reports of
the Crop Reporting Board. Data for volume of exports prior
to 1940 are from Agricultural Statistics. For 1940-1957, ex
port data are from reports and records of the Agricultural
Marketing Service.
Estimates of feed consumed by horses and mules are based
on the following average rations of corn, oats, and all hay:
For 1910-1919, the calculations allow 800 pounds of oats, 1,600
pounds of shelled corn, and 1.8 tons of hay per head for farm
horses and mules 3 years old and over and animal-unit equiva
lents for younger animals. For 1920-1940, it was assumed
that as farm horses were worked less, they consumed less
grain and more hay. Consequently, the rate of feeding corn
was decreased 10 pounds per head per year and the rate of
feeding hay was increased 20 pounds. Beginning with 1941,
it was assumed that horses and mules would work less each
year, and that on the average they would be fed less corn,
oats, and hay and would consume more pasture.
For nonfarm horses and mules, it was assumed that, for
1910-1931, the quantities of grain and hay consumed per head
per year were a third more than those consumed by farm
work animals. Since 1932, the computations have rounded
out to one million acres used in producing feed for nonfarm
horses and mules.
Basic data on horses and mules are from publications of
the Agricultural Marketing Service. The rations for horses
and mules are based on data from many sources, especially
from Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Work Performed and
Feed Utilized by Horses and Mules, Farm Management 44,
1944, and on judgment of workers familiar with the subject.
The series on cropland used for crops (series K 102) is
made up of three components—acres of harvested cropland
(land from which one or more crops were harvested), crop
failure, and summer fallow. The index is intended to measure
changes in the land area in crops or being prepared for crops
the following year; it excludes idle cropland and land in soil-
improvement crops during the entire year and not harvested.
These figures are based on estimates of principal crops har
vested and crop losses of the former Bureau of Agricultural
Economics and the Agricultural Marketing Service and on
data from the 1925 to 1954 Censuses of Agriculture. Data
from the 1950 and 1954 Censuses of Agriculture were adjusted
to cover some of the underenumeration indicated by post-
enumeration surveys.
Acreages of crop failure were derived from the 1925 to 1945
Censuses of Agriculture, and interpolations for intervening
years were based on BAE estimates of crop losses or differ
ences between planted and harvested acreages of principal
crops. Acreages of crop failure for recent years are based
chiefly on crop losses as reported by AMS. Reported acre
ages of crop losses are adjusted for the replanting of part of
the acreage on which winter wheat is abandoned. Hay land
that produced nothing but pasture in some dry seasons is not
included in crop failure in recent years.
Estimates of acreage of cultivated summer fallow were made
only for the geographic divisions west of the Mississippi River.
For 1945-1948, they were based chiefly on acreages seeded
to wheat on summer fallow land, as estimated by BAE and
according to data issued by the Great Plains Council. For
1949-1957, estimates of fallow were based partly on the 1950
and 1954 Censuses of Agriculture, estimates of wheat seeded
on summer fallow made by AMS, and information obtained
from the Great Plains Council. Estimates for years prior to
1945 were built up from fragmentary data available in BAE.
Indexes of total crop production were divided by indexes of
cropland used for crops to derive indexes of crop production
per acre (series K 103). Indexes of crop production were
developed as one step in the calculation of farm output.
For a more detailed explanation of these series, see Major
Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agri
culture Handbook No. 118, vol. 2.
K 104-115. Index of supply and utilization of farm food com
modities, 1924-1957.
Source : Agricultural Marketing Service, National Food Situ
ation, quarterly issues.
This index involves the use of the basic disappearance data
described in series G 552-584, converted to farm level, and
of average 1947-49 farm prices to derive value aggregates
in terms of constant dollars. Prices used are midmonth prices
received by farmers in 1947-49 weighted by volume of monthly
sales.
Each part of the index includes processed and unprocessed
commodities. Where processing of farm commodities yields
byproducts or joint products, the relative economic importance
of the various products is retained by apportioning the farm
value of the unprocessed commodity according to the ratio of
the wholesale value of the several resulting end products.
For processed commodities where no byproduct or joint prod
uct is involved direct conversion to the farm weight is made.
See also Agriculture Handbook No. 91, Measuring the Supply
and Utilization of Farm Commodities, 1955.
K 104, production. Includes harvested crops (including
those used for feed and seed) and marketings of livestock
products for consumption plus use on farms where produced.
K 105, imports and inship merits. Imports and inshipments
from U.S. Territories include farm commodities similar to
those produced in this country plus those not produced domes
tically but which are substitutes for United States products.
Coffee, tea, cocoa, and bananas are included but rubber and
silk are excluded. Dockside prices were used for commodities
not produced in the United States. Imports include both proc
essed and unprocessed commodities.
Reports on shipments to and from Alaska and Hawaii were
discontinued in April 1948. For foods for which such trade
is significant, estimates of inshipments have been made.
262
TAXES—INSURANCE—CASH RECEIPTS K 110-128
K 106, net change in available stocks. Changes in re
ported stocks other than those held for the USDA foreign
supply programs are treated as a source of domestic supply.
Such stocks include those accumulated under price support
programs.
K 109, civilian food. Figures are derived as a residual by
deducting feed, seed, and other nonfood uses, exports and
shipments, Government purchases for the military and for
export, and ending stocks from total supply of each food
available for the year.
K 110, military food. No reliable information on military
food procurement is available before 1941, but such takings
were relatively small between 1919 and 1940. Data from
reports of the Armed Services are supplemented by estimates
to cover local procurement of some fresh commodities and
items supplied daily. Civilian feeding in areas occupied by
the Armed Forces is included.
K 111, domestic nonfood use. For data on nonfood use
divided into feed, seed, and "other" (alcoholic beverages, soap,
and industrial uses), see Supplement for 1956 to Agriculture
Handbook No. 91, Measuring the Supply and Utilization of
Farm Commodities.
K 112, commercial exports and shipments to U.S. Territor
ies. Includes trade not handled by the Federal Government
although Government financial aid may have been involved in
the transaction in one way or another. Trade with Alaska
and Hawaii has not been reported since April 1948 but ship
ments of some items are estimated.
K 113-115, USDA export program. Measures the annual
takings of farm food commodities from commercial channels
by the Department of Agriculture expressly for subsequent
shipment abroad under foreign supply and special export pro
grams. Quantities thus removed are designated as "net pur
chases" and are derived by adjusting the USDA deliveries
of farm food commodities by the change in Department stocks.
K 116-118. Taxes levied on farm property, 1890-1957.
Source: Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Finance
Review, annual issues.
These data cover all ad valorem taxes levied upon farm
property by State and local governments. They do not cover
special assessments such as those levied by drainage-, irriga
tion, or other special districts. Farm real estate comprises
all land defined by the Bureau of the Census as land in farms,
and structures thereon (see general note for series K 1-364).
Farm personal property covers all livestock, machinery, auto
mobiles, trucks, produce, and household and personal effects.
Much personal property on farms is not taxed, either because
of statutory exemptions or through faulty assessment.
Taxes include those levied on farm property whether
owned by the operator or not. They do not necessarily repre
sent taxes paid by farmers. "Levies" rather than "payments"
are shown because the timing of actual payments is un
certain.
Real estate tax figures are developed from data for sample
farms obtained from local tax officials and from data in the
Censuses of Agriculture for 1930, 1940, and 1950. The
acreages used in computing taxes per acre are census data
for farmland in private ownership, with interpolations for
intercensal years. The values used in computing taxes per
$100 of value are based on census data of operator estimates
of value, with interpolations for intercensal years based on the
ARS index of farmland values. For a more detailed discus
sion, see Agricultural Research Service, Taxes Levied on Farm
Property in the United States and Methods of Estimating
Them, Statistical Bulletin No. 189, August 1956.
Personal property tax figures are developed from statistical
data on assessed values and taxes published by State tax
commissions, boards of equalization, or similar bodies; see
"Taxation of Personal Property Owned by Farmers in the
United States, 1940-49," Agricultural Finance Review, vol. 15,
November 1952.
K 119. Automotive taxes paid by farmers, 1924-1957.
Source: See source for series K 116-118.
These data include payments of all registration and "tag"
fees for automobiles and trucks on farms and for drivers'
permits by farmers. Amounts paid for licenses and permits
are based on estimates of vehicles on farms, and average
charges per vehicle. The latter is the average charge for all
vehicles registered, adjusted to the level of charges for vehi
cles on farms as determined from special surveys. State and
Federal motor-fuel taxes are those arising out of the use of
automobiles, trucks, tractors, and other machines by farmers.
Motor-fuel figures represent net amount paid, after refunds,
and are derived from estimates of fuel consumption of farm
vehicles and the average tax rate on such fuel as developed
from special surveys. For further discussion, see Major Sta
tistical Series of the US. Department of Agriculture, Agricul
ture Handbook No. 118, vol. 6.
K 120-121. Farmers' mutual fire insurance, 1914-1957.
Source: Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Finance
Review, annual issues and records (compiled from published
State reports and from data supplied by State insurance
officials, company officials, and others).
Data include insurance against fire and lightning, and ex
clude, in most cases, insurance against windstorm, hail on
growing crops, or other hazards. For 1914-1933, farmers'
mutual fire insurance companies were defined as those which
had more than 65 percent of their insurance on farm prop
erty. Since 1933, this has been reduced to 50 percent. Dur
ing both periods, however, all business of such companies was
considered farm business, although only about 85-88 percent
of the total insurance was on farm property. The business
of general-writing mutual and stock fire insurance companies,
which also write insurance on farm property, is not included.
Figures for insurance in force (series K 120) include only
companies for which reports were obtained and may not be
entirely complete. For 1956 and 1957, the figures include an
estimate for incompleteness. Figures for cost per $100 of
insurance (series K 121) do not include any amounts collected
from members which have been added directly to surplus or
reserve funds. Such funds are, of course, available for pay
ment of future losses and operating expenses. The average
increase in these surplus funds during the 10-year period,
1947-1956, suggests that, on the average, annual assessments
collected from members amounted to about 27.7 cents per $100
of insurance, compared with amounts actually paid out for
losses and operating expenses of about 23.1 cents.
K 122-128. Cash receipts from farming and farm income,
1910-1957.
Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, The Farm Income
Situation, July 1958 (No. 174).
These estimates refer to calendar-year income arising from
commodities and services produced on all farms in the United
States, as defined in the Census of Agriculture, to the expenses
associated with such production, and to other income received
by persons living on farms.
Estimates of farm income were start/ i in 1924 on a crop-
year basis. In 1936, a legislative formula for income parity
263
K 122-128 AGRICULTURE
for agriculture, based on a 1910-1914 comparison of farm and
nonfarm per capita incomes, resulted in an extensive project
of research designed to extend the estimates back to 1910, to
put them on a full calendar-year basis comparable with esti
mates of nonagricultural income, and to improve and expand
the data in other respects.
No adequate statistics are available on farm income and
expenses before 1910. Willford I. King's early estimates of
the total value produced in agriculture go back to 1850, but
for census years only (published in The Wealth and Income
of the People of the United States, Macmillan Co., 1915).
They were based on inadequate information and are not com
parable with any of the current series. Without data for in-
tercensal years, King's decennial figures may be misleading
even as an indication of the long-term trend. The decennial
projections back to 1800 prepared by the National Industrial
Conference Board, National Income in the United States, 1799-
1938, 1939, are in much the same category, and must be
regarded only as very rough approximations. Annual estimates
of gross farm income extending back to 1869, and covering a
substantial part of total farm production, are given in Depart
ment of Agriculture, Gross Farm Income and Indices of
Farm Production and Prices in the United States, 1869-1937,
Technical Bulletin No. 703, December 1940. Although not
comparable with any of the current series, these estimates are
probably fairly reliable as an indication of trends in the gross
value of farm production.
In the absence of any direct reporting of farm income on
an adequate scale, estimates have been developed by indirect
methods using available data on production, disposition, prices,
and costs. The procedure followed has been to treat agricul
ture as one tremendous enterprise, and to derive its net income
by first computing "gross income," as defined below, and then
deducting aggregate expenses of production.
Figures for series K 122-125 are estimates of realized gross
farm income and its principal components. These estimates
are "gross" in the sense that they represent the total value
of commodities and services produced by farms without any
deduction for costs incurred in their production, and without
any consideration of who reaps the ultimate benefit from their
sale or use, whether it be a farm operator, a landlord, a farm
laborer, or a bank. Cash receipts from farm marketings, in
the case of crops, include all sales of crops by farmers; pur
chases by other farmers for use as feed or seed are later
deducted as production expenses. Similarly, in the case of
livestock and products, the estimates include all sales by
farmers, with purchases of livestock by other farmers in
cluded as a production expense in series K 126. Farm sales
of firewood and other forest products are included in the crop
totals.
For 1933-1957, total cash receipts from all farm marketings
include Government payments to farmers. The latter include
rental and benefit, conservation, price adjustment, parity, pro
duction, and Soil Bank payments—in short, all money paid
directly to farmers by the Government in its farm programs.
Indirect financial aid to farmers through commodity prices or
loan values is covered in cash receipts from marketings. Gov
ernment payments to landlords, as well as farm operators,
are included but the former are also covered under farm
production expense (series K 126) as rental payments to non-
farm landlords.
Realized gross farm income (series K 125) represents total
cash farm income, the value of farm-produced food and fuel
consumed in farm households, and an imputed rental value
for all farm dwellings. Farm-household consumption of farm
products is valued at prices received for the sale of similar
products. It includes food and fuel furnished to hired farm
laborers, later deducted as a part of total labor costs to farm
operators. The rental value of dwellings is on a gross basis;
later deductions of rent, interest, taxes, insurance, mainte
nance, and depreciation are for farms as a whole with their
buildings and equipment, and include shares allocable to farm
dwellings.
The figures for gross farm income have been derived, com
modity by commodity, from the periodic Crop Reporting Board
estimates of production, disposition, price, and value. These
estimates in turn are generally based on periodic census enu
merations supplemented by regular reports from field statisti
cians, long lists of farmers, and special crop, livestock, and
price correspondents, and by records and reports of public
and private agencies concerned with the inspection, storage,
marketing, transportation, or processing of farm products.
The figures for total farm-production expenses (series K
126) comprise the aggregate cost to farm operators, or all of
that part of gross farm income not retained by farm opera
tors. It includes (1) wages paid for hired labor, both in cash
and in kind; (2) purchases of feed, livestock, fertilizer, and
lime; (3) outlays for the operation of tractors, trucks, and
automobiles (excluding the portion assigned to family use) ;
(4) a large number of other current farm operating expenses;
(5) charges for maintenance and depreciation of farm build
ings, motor vehicles, machinery, and equipment; (6) taxes
levied on farm property; (7) interest paid on farm-mortgage
loans; and (8) net rents paid to landlords not living on farms,
including that part of Government payments that goes to
such landlords and not to farm operators. Other farm rents
paid to landlords who are also farm operators are not included,
as they constitute offsetting items of income and cost for farm
operators as a group.
The estimates of production expenses are generally based
on the Censuses of Agriculture, supplemented by special sur
veys. For years other than census or survey years, estimates
for a specific item have for the most part been derived from
relative changes in similar or related series. A combination
of two series is frequently used, one indicating changes in
quantity and the other, changes in price. For a few types of
costs, however, the records of public or private agencies pro
vide the basis for direct annual estimates.
The figures for realized net income of farm operators (series
K 127) are obtained by subtracting total production expenses
from realized gross farm income. The term "realized" is
used because the estimates include the value only of farm
products sold. In other words, they do not include changes
in farm inventories of crops and livestock. These figures
should not be confused with net income from agriculture or
agriculture's contribution to the total national income. The
latter includes farm wages, rent, and interest in addition to
inventory changes and the realized net income of farm oper
ators.
The figures for net income to persons on farms from farm
ing (series K 128) include the realized net income of farm
operators; the value, at annual average prices, of the net
change during the year in crop and livestock inventories on
farms; and wages, in cash or in kind, paid to farm laborers
who live on farms. Inventory changes are included to achieve
comparability with the net income of nonfarm businesses.
Only about two-thirds of all hired farm workers live on farms;
and only their wages are included. This series is the one pre
viously used, together with corresponding estimates of the
income of persons not on farms, in the now superseded legis
lative formula for computing income parity for agriculture.
264
PRICES RECEIVED AND PRICES PAID BY FARMERS K 129-137
The figures for series K 128 are generally comparable
throughout the period shown and are believed to be fairly com
plete and reliable despite the indirect methods of estimation.
For a more detailed discussion and for other series, see Major
Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agri
culture Handbook No. 118, vol. 3, December 1957.
K 129-131. Indexes of prices received by farmers, 1910-1957.
Source: 1910-1951, Agricultural Marketing Service, Major
Statistical Series of the US. Department of Agriculture, Agri
culture Handbook No. 118, vol. 1; 1952-1957, Agricultural
Prices, January, February, and May 1959.
Data on prices received by farmers in their local markets
are identified as "local market prices" in the source publica
tion to distinguish them from "wholesale prices" of farm
products at central markets.
The first comprehensive index-number series of prices of
farm products was published in 1921 as Department of Agri
culture Bulletin No. 999, Prices of Farm Products in the
United States. Research in 1923 and 1924 resulted in the de
velopment of the aggregative type of index-number series first
published in Crops and Markets in August 1924. Later re
visions of the prices received index numbers were published in
1934, 1944, 1950, and 1959.
From the first indexes in 1921 to the 1950 revisions, the base
period for index numbers of prices received by farmers was
the 60-month period, August 1909-July 1914. This base was
selected, because in these prewar years prices of farm prod
ucts were relatively stable, and they were assumed to have a
more nearly normal relationship with prices of other things
than in any other period for which data were then available.
In 1950, the base period was changed to January 1910-Decem-
ber 1914 pursuant to the provisions of the Agricultural Adjust
ment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of
1948 and 1949.
The figures for prices received by farmers used to construct
these indexes are based on reports from a group of voluntary
respondents, most of whom are buyers of, or dealers in, farm
products at country shipping points, and a few of whom are
well-informed farmers. The number of these reporters has
increased, and, as of 1958, reports were based upon returns
from about 10,000 respondents. For most commodities, prices
relate to a midmonth average, but for some, prices represent
an average for the month.
These index numbers are based upon local market prices for
55 important agricultural commodities classified into 2 major
groups, crops and livestock. There are 8 crop subdivisions
(food grains, feed grains and hay, cotton, tobacco, oil-bearing
crops, fruits, commercial vegetables, and potatoes, sweetpota-
toes, and dry edible beans) ; and 4 livestock subdivisions (meat
animals, dairy products, poultry and eggs, and wool). No
single set of weights is representative of the long period
covered by the index; but as a reasonably satisfactory com
promise, weights for 1910-1935 are based on cash receipts in
1924-1929, and weights from 1935 to August 1952 are based
on 1937-1941 receipts, and from September 1952 on, 1953-1957
receipts. For further details, see the first-listed source cited
above.
K 132-137. Indexes of prices paid by farmers, interest and
taxes payable per acre, and farm wage rates, 1910-1957.
Source: 1910-1951, see source for 1910-1951 for series
K 129-131; 1952-1957, see source for same series for 1952-
1957.
These indexes are based on monthly indexes which relate
to prices as of the 15th of the month. For a detailed explana
tion, see the first-listed source above.
The indexes are a combination of the index of prices paid
by farmers for commodities used for family living (6 groups—
203 different commodity price series as of September 1958),
the index of prices paid by farmers for commodities used in
production (9 groups—232 different commodity price series as
of September 1958), and of indexes of taxes on farm real
estate, interest on loans secured by farm real estate mort
gages, and farm wage rates. The index of prices paid for
family living items (series K 132) represents prices of the
following groups of commodities: Food and tobacco, 52
items; clothing, 39; household operation, 17; household furnish
ings, 40; building material for houses, 43; autos and auto sup
plies, 12. The index of prices paid for production items (series
K 133) is based on the following groups of commodities: Feed,
26 items; livestock, 6; motor supplies, 15; motor vehicles, 12;
farm machinery, 50; farm supplies, 37; fertilizer, 34; building
and fencing material, 27; and seed, 25. Prices for individual
commodities are collected monthly or periodically by mail, sup
plemented to some extent by interview, from independent
stores and chain stores, hatcheries, etc., from a total of about
35,000 voluntary reporters. Prices by States for each com
modity are weighted by estimated quantities purchased in
each State to obtain the national average price.
National average prices for individual commodities are com
bined into group indexes by the weighted aggregative method.
The commodity group indexes are weighted by estimated ex
penditures of farmers for commodities in the respective groups
to obtain the family living and the production indexes.
There have been substantial changes in relative quantities
of commodities bought by farmers during the period back to
1910. From 1910 to March 1935, the weights used in the
index represent farmers' purchases during 1924-1929; from
March 1935 to August 1952, the weights represent average
purchases during 1937-1941, and from September 1952 on, the
weights represent average purchases during 1955.
The index of interest payable per acre on farm mortgage
indebtedness (series K 134) is constructed from estimates of
interest charges on farm mortgages per acre. These interest
charges are computed from the average of interest rates, as
obtained from the various sources of farm credit, applied to the
total mortgage indebtedness per acre of land in farms.
The index of taxes levied per acre on farm real estate
(series K 135) is based on the Census of Agriculture and,
for intercensal years, on data from local tax officials. Taxes
levied during the year are, in most areas, payable in the fol
lowing year. Figures for this series are available back to 1890.
The index of farm wage rates (series K 136) covers average
wage rates paid hired farm workers. It is based on reports
from crop reporters throughout the country and is season
ally adjusted before being combined with the other compo
nents of the parity index. The index is available on an
annual basis back to 1866 for most years and quarterly since
1923.
The index of prices paid, including interest, taxes, and farm
wage rates (series K 137) , often referred to as the parity
index, is used in computing parity prices of farm products
under the formula prescribed by the Agricultural Adjustment
Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948 and
1949. It is the most comprehensive measure available of
prices paid by farmers for the goods and services bought for
both living and production purposes including interest, taxes,
and hired farm labor. It is computed by weighting together
the index of prices paid for living and production goods, the
index of interest payable per acre of farm real estate, the
265
K 138-159 AGRICULTURE
index of taxes payable per acre of farm real estate, and the
index of wage rates paid for hired farm labor.
K 138. Parity ratio, 1910-1957.
Source : See source for series K 129-131.
The parity ratio is the quotient (multiplied by 100) obtained
by dividing the index of prices received by farmers (series
K 129, by the index of prices paid by farmers, including
taxes, interest, and wage rates (series K 137). If the ratio
is 100 or over (i.e., if the prices received index is as high as,
or higher than, the index of prices paid by farmers including
interest, taxes, and wage rates), farmers' average purchasing
power per unit of farm commodities is as high as, or higher
than, it was in 1910-1914. If the ratio is lower than 100, this
purchasing power is lower than it was in 1910-1914.
K 139-149. Value of farm gross output and product, in current
and constant dollars, 1800-1900.
Source: M. W. Towne and W. E. Rasmussen, "Farm Gross
Product and Gross Investment During the 19th Century,"
Studies in Income and Wealth, vol. 24, National Bureau of Eco
nomic Research (forthcoming).
These estimates are designed to measure the output of agri
culture from 1800 to 1900 on a gross product, or "value-added"
basis. The series for 1870-1900 are more reliable than for
earlier years, and those for 1840-1860 are more reliable than
for 1800-1830.
K 140-142, sales and home consumption of farm products,
are totals of commodity values estimated separately from price
and quantity estimates for individual commodities and groups
of commodities. The data for 1870-1900 are based primarily
on Department of Agriculture, Gross Farm Income and Indices
of Farm Production in the United States, 1869-1937, Technical
Bulletin No. 703, December 1940. Production estimates for
1840-1860 are based mostly on the Census of Agriculture. For
1800-1830, output is generally derived as the product of popu
lation and per capita production rates suggested by data for
1840-1860, although independent estimates were employed for
the major cash crops, which amounted to about one-eighth of
the total. Prices for current dollar valuation were obtained
by extrapolating the 1870 farm price estimates of Technical
Bulletin No. 703 to earlier years by changes in related whole
sale prices and average prices received by farmers.
K 143, livestock inventory changes, is based on Department
of Agriculture inventory and value-per-head data for 1870-
1900. Inventory data from the Census of Agriculture were
used for 1840-1860. For 1800-1830, the inventory estimates
were projected backward from 1840 by population changes.
Average values per head were projected to earlier years from
1870 by related wholesale price series.
K 144, gross rent from farm dwellings, represents imputed
income from home ownership. Figures were obtained by
multiplying the 1910-1914 average gross rent per farm
(from the current farm income series) by the estimated num
ber of farms in the decade years 1800-1900, and by inflating
to current dollars by an index of construction costs. Esti
mates for number of farms were obtained from the Censuses
of Agriculture for 1850-1900, and were extrapolated from 1850
to 1820 by the estimated number of persons engaged in agri
culture, and from 1820 to 18Q0 by population figures.
K 146, intermediate products consumed, represents the cost
of goods and services purchased for production purposes by
farms from the nonfarm sector. It is deducted from gross
output to derive the net contribution of the agricultural sector,
or farm gross product (series K 145). The intermediate prod
ucts and services originating off farms include fertilizer, cotton
ginning, horseshoeing, repairs, and rent paid to nonfarm land
lords. For most items, estimates for 1800-1900 were con
structed by extrapolating the .1910-14 average costs in the
current series backward by changes in series closely related
with respect to quantity or price. The estimates of interme
diate products have as a whole less foundation in census or
other contemporary benchmark sources and are less reliable
than the gross output estimates.
K 148 and K 149, farm-produced improvements and home
manufactures, although not included in current official meas
urements of gross farm output, are presented here because of
their greater relative importance in the earlier years. The
land improvement estimates were derived as the product of
average annual number of acres improved and estimated per
acre labor cost of improvement. The value of home manu
factures series is based on survey and census estimates for
1810 and 1840-1870, with other decades estimated on the
basis of trends in real output indicated by these benchmarks;
a textiles price index was used for deflation.
Estimates of data in 1910-14 dollars, were derived in nearly
all cases by multiplying estimated quantities of individual
products by average prices for 1910-14.
K 150-157. Motor vehicles and specified machines on farms,
1910-1957.
Source: See source for series K 82.
Census counts were first made of tractors, automobiles, and
motortrucks in the 1920 Census of Agriculture, of grain com
bines and farms with milking machines in the 1945 Census, of
cornpickers and pickup balers in the 1950 Census, and of field
forage harvesters in the 1954 Census. Estimates for inter-
censal years and before census data were available are as of
January 1.
Before 1950, figures of machines shipped by manufacturers
for farm use, with an allowance for disappearance, were used
mainly as the basis for these estimates. Figures for automo
biles and motortrucks were based on annual registrations for a
limited number of agricultural States, and a few special sample
surveys that were nationwide. Since 1950, estimates of
motor vehicles and machines are based largely on information
supplied by the voluntary crop reporters of the Agricultural
Marketing Service adjusted to data from the 1954 Census of
Agriculture.
K 158. Value of farm implements and machinery, 1850-1957.
Source: 1850-1900, Bureau of the Census, Thirteenth Cen
sus, 1910, Agriculture, vol. V, p. 51; 1910-1939, Agricultural
Marketing Service, records; 1940-1957, Agricultural Research
Service, The Balance Sheet of Agriculture, October 1957, p. 15.
Figures for 1910-1957 represent inventory value at the be
ginning of the year. They are closely tied to the values pre
sented in the Censuses of Agriculture, the figures for inter-
censal years being estimated from information on manufacture
and sales with due allowance for wear and tear and then
adjusted for changes in price levels.
The data for 1850-1900 are not entirely comparable. They
covered periods of vastly different price levels and attendant
investment values, including the period of expansion into the
West. According to the source, however, "the data are suffi
ciently comparable to indicate in a broad way the agricultural
progress of the country . . . ."
K 159. Farmers' expenditures for fertilizer and lime, 1909-
1957.
Source: See source for series K 122-128.
266
FERTILIZER AND LIME—FARM MORTGAGE DEBT K 160-169
For a detailed discussion of concepts, coverage, and methods,
see Major Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of Agri
culture, Agriculture Handbook No. 118, vol. 3.
K 160. Commercial fertilizer consumed in U.S., 1850-1957.
Source: 1850-1956, Agricultural Research Service, Statistics
on Fertilizers and Liming Materials in the United States, Sta
tistical Bulletin No. 191, April 1957; 1957, Preliminary Re
port on Consumption of Commercial Fertilizer and Primary
Plant Nutrient in the United States, December 1958.
Commercial fertilizer includes any substance containing ni
trogen (N), phosphoric acid (P2O5), potash (K2O), or any
other recognized plant-food element or compound, such as lime
(CaO), magnesia (MgO), boron (B), etc., which is consumed
primarily for the purpose of supplying plant food to crops,
excluding barnyard manures but including dried animal ma
nures sold commercially. Ground phosphate rock, gypsum,
sulfur, borax, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate,
cottonseed meal, dried blood, animal tankage, etc., are included
when sold to farmers for plant food, but are excluded when
sold as fungicides, animal feeds, or for any other purpose
than for plant food. Limestone, dolomite, magnesia, etc., are
included when used as components of mixed fertilizers but
excluded when sold as soil amendments (materials used to
change the physical properties or the acidity of the soil rather
than to supply plant food).
The data refer to all commercial plant food, including that
distributed by the Production and Marketing Administration
in its soil-building program and that used by the Tennessee
Valley Authority in test demonstrations.
Beginning with 1920, the data related to consumption only
in continental United States, but data for 1850-1919 include
consumption in Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. The total
consumption in these outlying areas increased from about 3,000
tons in 1890 to 52,000 in 1900, 93,000 in 1910, 120,000 in 1920,
254,000 in 1930, 321,000 in 1940, and 444,000 in 1950. Most
of this consumption occurred in Puerto Rico and Hawaii.
The earliest data on fertilizers were collected by State
fertilizer control officials. The first volume of American Fer
tilizer, 1894, presents figures for Georgia for 1875-1892. In
1945, 36 States had a Fertilizer Control Office or similar
agency which published tonnages of fertilizers consumed in
the State. A bibliography of such reports is given in U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Circular No. 756, 1946, which also
gives considerable detail on fertilizer consumption.
Annual estimates of consumption made by the National Fer
tilizer Association (now a part of the National Plant Food
Institute) were discontinued in 1955. The Fertilizer Review,
vol. XXI, No. 2, pp. 11-14, presents figures for continental
United States by decades from 1880 to 1910, and annually to
1945.
K 161. Lime consumed on farms, 1909-1957.
Source : See source for series K 82.
This series links two series not quite alike in coverage. For
1929-1945, the tonnage is in terms of ground limestone, mate
rials in other forms being converted to that basis, except for
some coarser materials used in Illinois. These figures were
based on surveys made by State agricultural college agrono
mists and include county surveys of producers, and data from
county extension agents and AAA offices, assembled by C. E.
Carter of the Production and Marketing Administration. The
data for 1910, 1920, and 1925-1928, however, were assembled
by A. L. Mehring of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils,
and Agricultural Engineering. The intervening years were in
terpolated. Mehring's figures, with the interpolations, have
been carried through 1939 in the Bureau of Agricultural Eco
nomics series, Income Parity for Agriculture, pt. II, sec. 2;
hence, the figures given there for 1929-1939 differ from those
presented here. Lime used by fertilizer manufacturers in
their mixed goods is not included. Data for recent years are
from National Agricultural Limestone Institute, Inc.
K 162-169. Farm-mortgage debt outstanding and loans closed,
1910-1957.
Source: Agricultural Research Service, Bureau of the Cen
sus, Farm Credit Administration, and Federal Deposit Insur
ance Corporation. For specific sources, see below. See also
Major Statistical Series of the US. Department of Agriculture,
Agriculture Handbook No. 118, vol. 6.
Farm-mortgage credit has been referred to as farm-real-
estate credit, long-term credit, or capital credit. The data
presented here, however, merely represent the amount of
credit secured by farm real estate, whether it is extended for
a short term or a long term, whether it is used for purchasing
the farm, operating the farm, or financing nonagricultural ac
tivities, and whether the loan instrument is a mortgage, deed
of trust, vendors' lien, or sales contract.
Estimates of the total amount of farm-mortgage debt out
standing at the beginning of each year (series K 162) are
based upon census data and special surveys. Data on the
amount of mortgage debt on farms operated by full owners
appear in each census back to 1890, except that for 1900.
In 1890, 1940, 1945, 1950, and 1956, similar information was
collected on the owned part of part-owner farms.
Mortgage data may be found in the following reports of the
Bureau of the Census: Eleventh Census, 1890, Report on Real
Estate Mortgages; Thirteenth Census, 1910, Agriculture, vol.
V, chap. 3; Fourteenth Census, 1920, Agriculture, vol. V, chap.
7; Census of Agriculture, 1925, Summary Statistics by States;
Fifteenth Census, 1930, Agriculture, vol. IV, chap. 6; Sixteenth
Census, 1940, Agriculture, vol. Ill, chap. 4. Data for 1935,
1945, 1950, and 1956 are in two cooperative publications—
Bureau of the Census and Bureau of Agricultural Economics,
U.S. Census of Agriculture : 1950, vol. V, pt. 8, and Bureau of
the Census and Agricultural Research Service, US. Census of
Agriculture : 1951,, vol. Ill, pt. 5.
In 1920, 1928, and 1930 the Bureau of Agricultural Econom
ics conducted surveys on which estimates of debt on farms
operated by part owners, tenants, and managers were based.
The Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Agricultural
Economics cooperated in the 1935, 1940, 1945, 1950, and 1956
surveys. The results of the 1928 survey, which included 1925
data, were published in Department of Agriculture, Farm-
Mortgage Credit, Technical Bulletin No. 288, February 1932.
Results of the later surveys appear in the two cooperative
publications referred to above. Some earlier census-year esti
mates were revised on the basis of relationships established
by the more recent surveys to make estimates for all census
years more comparable.
Estimates for intercensal years are based on data on the
amount of mortgages held by certain lending agencies, on esti
mates of the amount of farm mortgages recorded annually by
major lender groups, and on the distribution by lenders of
farm-mortgage debt in the last preceding census. Whenever
a new census-year benchmark was established, the intercensal-
year estimates were revised to reflect the new trend. For
the years prior to 1935, the data on mortgages recorded were
compiled from the records of selected counties through a na
tionwide Works Progress Administration project sponsored by
267
K 170-172 AGRICULTURE
the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. For 1935-1957, this
information was collected by the Farm Credit Administration.
Revisions of annual debt estimates for 1950-1957 appear in
Agricultural Research Service, Farm-Mortgage Debt Rises in
1957, ARS 43-59, September 1957. A number of publications
of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics contain annual esti
mates of farm-mortgage debt revised to the last census-year
benchmark preceding the date of publication: Agricultural Fi
nance Review, vol. 15, supplement I, May 1953, which has
annual data by States for 1945-1953; Farm-Mortgage Loans
and Their Distribution by Lender Groups, 1940-1948, USDA
Circular No. 812, August 1949; Revised Annual Estimates of
Farm-Mortgage Debt by States, 1930-1943, April 1944; Distri
bution by Lender Groups of Farm-Mortgage and Real Estate
Holdings, January 1, 1930-1945, August 1945.
The Federal land banks were organized pursuant to the
Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916 and became important lenders
in the farm-mortgage field, particularly after 1933. The data
on loans outstanding and loans closed (series K 163 and K
168) are from publications of the Farm Credit Administration
or its predecessor, the Federal Farm Loan Board. Land Bank
Commissioner loans, first made under the authority of the
Emergency Farm-Mortgage Act of 1933, were taken over by
the Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation upon its creation in
1934 and were continued until July 1, 1947, when authority to
make new loans, except those incidental to liquidation, expired.
In 1955, the remaining outstanding loans of the Corporation
were sold to the Federal land banks. For a discussion of these
agencies, see Department of Agriculture, Farm-Mortgage
Credit Facilities in the United States, Miscellaneous Publica
tion No. 478, 1942, and annual reports of the Farm Credit
Administration.
Figures on farm-mortgage debt held by life insurance com
panies (series K 164) are estimates of the Bureau of Agricul
tural Economics and the Agricultural Research Service and
refer to unpaid principal owed to the companies. The esti
mates are based on data from the annual statements of com
panies that hold a large part of all farm-mortgage debt held
by life insurance companies, supplemented with other informa
tion obtained by mail from various companies. The data for
1910-1929 include the unpaid principal of regular mortgages
only; for 1930-1957, they also include the unpaid principal of
purchase-money mortgages and farm real estate sales con
tracts. Estimates of the Institute of Life Insurance have
been used since 1945 for United States totals—and since 1950
for State totals—of the book value of this group's holdings of
farm mortgages. See also the following Department of Agri
culture publications: Farm-Mortgage Loans Held by Life
Insurance Companies, ARS 43-58, October 1957; Farm Invest
ments of Life Insurance Companies, 1956, ARS 43-57, October
1956; and Farm-Mortgage Investments of Life Insurance Com
panies, December 1943.
Figures on farm-mortgage debt held by commercial and
savings banks (series K 165) for 1910-1947 do not cover all
banks, but they do represent a very large proportion of all
bank loans on farm real estate. For 1910-1934, the data in
clude only open State and national banks, and are estimates
prepared by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics from spe
cial surveys and reports of bank supervisory authorities. (See
Agricultural Loans of Commercial Banks, USDA Technical
Bulletin No. 521, July 1936, for a discussion of these special
surveys.) For 1935-1947, the data include only farm-mort
gage loans of insured commercial banks as summarized in
reports of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. For
1948-1957, the data include farm-mortgage debt held by all
operating banks—commercial, savings, and private—as com
piled by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and pub
lished in annual reports of the Comptroller of the Currency.
Sales contracts on farm real estate may or may not be included
in the figures, because banks often classify such contracts with
the real estate owned. The figures do not include loans of
closed banks, of mutual savings banks before 1948, nor of non-
insured commercial banks for 1935-1947.
The joint-stock land banks (series K 166 and K 169) also
authorized under the Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916, were
under Federal supervision and regulation, but differed from
the Federal land banks in that they were privately owned.
Their organization and growth are discussed in C. H. Schwartz,
Jr., Financial Study of the Joint-Stock Land Banks, Washing
ton College Press, Takoma Park, Md., 1938, as well as in the
publications cited above for Federal land banks. Liquidation
of the joint-stock banks was called for in the Emergency
Farm Mortgage Act of 1933 and was completed in 1951. For
several Federal and federally sponsored agencies, "loans closed"
include only their regular loans as distinct from purchase-
money mortgages and sales contracts, and they are not neces
sarily comparable with "loans recorded" by other lender groups.
Within the lender group identified as "individuals and oth
ers" (series K 167), individuals are by far the most important
holders of farm mortgages. Because of its residual nature,
this general lender group also includes many miscellaneous
sources of farm-mortgage credit, including mortgage, real es
tate, finance, and investment companies; State and local gov
ernmental agencies; religious, educational, civic, and fraternal
organizations; mercantile firms dealing largely in farm sup
plies; lending agencies operating chiefly in the urban mortgage
field but sometimes lending on farmland; corporations and
associations chiefly engaged in making production loans but
sometimes requiring real estate as security; and the Farmers
Home Administration (formerly Farm Security Administra
tion). In addition to these are the loans of mutual savings
banks, for 1910-1947, closed commercial banks, noninsured
commercial banks for 1935-1947, insurance companies other
than life insurance companies, and certain types of loans not
specifically included in the figures for the major lending groups.
K 170-172. Interest payable on farm mortgages, 1910-1957.
Source: Agricultural Research Service and Farm Credit
Administration, records.
These data represent average contract rates. They are av
erages of the rates charged by the various types of lenders
weighted by the amount of mortgages recorded or held by each.
Furthermore, they are averages of rates on all farm mort
gages regardless of their priority. It should be pointed out
that year-to-year changes in the average rates do not neces
sarily reflect changes in the level of interest rates charged by
the different lenders but may represent changes in the distri
bution among the lender groups of loans recorded or held.
The averages are based on the rates specified in the mortgage
contract and payable by borrowers during the calendar year;
they do not necessarily represent averages of the rates actually
paid, except that for rates on outstanding mortgages, they do
reflect the temporarily reduced rates of the Federal land banks
for 1934-1944 and of the Federal Farm Mortgage Corpora
tion for 1938-1945.
Some information either on interest rates or interest charges
on outstanding mortgages was obtained in the Censuses of
Agriculture for 1890, 1920, 1930, and 1940. Interest rates on
mortgages recorded , (series K 170) come from two sources.
The averages for odd-numbered years from 1941 to 1953 are
estimates of the Farm Credit Administration based on mort
gages recorded during the month of March in approximately
268
AGRICULTURAL LOANS—COUNTRY BANK DEPOSITS K 173-180
one-third of the counties in the United States. For 1955 and
1957, the average interest rates are based on mortgages re
corded in the first quarter of the year. Rates for 1910-1935
were developed from data obtained in a nationwide Works
Progress Administration project sponsored by the Bureau of
Agricultural Economics (see that agency's Average Rates of
Interest Charged on Farm-Mortgage Recordings of Selected
Lender Groups, November 1940).
Average interest rates on outstanding mortgages (series K
171) for 1937-1957 are based on data obtained by the Bureau
of Agricultural Economics, the Agricultural Research Service,
and the Bureau of the Census in special surveys made in cen
sus years and from Farm Credit Administration surveys of
farm-mortgage recordings made in selected months of inter-
censal years. For 1910-1936, the rates are based on the WPA
data mentioned above. Rates on mortgages recorded as re
ported in the WPA project were converted to rates on out
standing mortgages by assuming that all mortgages recorded
remained in effect for a period equal to the average of the
terms of years specified in the mortgage contracts. This pro
cedure was used for all lender groups except the Federal land
banks and Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation for which av
erages were computed from information on the amount of
loans outstanding at various interest rates. (See Bureau of
Agricultural Economics, Interest Charges Payable on Farm In
debtedness in the United States, 1910-40, August 1942.) Some
of the data for years after 1930 were later revised ; see Bureau
of Agricultural Economics, Revised Annual Estimates of In
terest Charges and Interest Rates on Farm-Mortgage Debt,
1930-43, October 1944, and USDA Circular No. 821, Farm-
Mortgage Interest Charges and Interest Rates, 1940-48, Octo
ber 1949.
Figures for interest charges payable (series K 172) were
developed from the estimates of farm-mortgage debt outstand
ing at the beginning of each year and the average interest
rates charged thereon, except in the case of the Federal
land banks and the Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation.
Calendar-year estimates were computed by averaging the
charges payable on debts outstanding at the beginning of each
year and the beginning of the succeeding year. For the Fed
eral land banks and the Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation,
the actual amounts of interest charges payable on their out
standing loans during the calendar year were obtained from
the Farm Credit Administration. These amounts, of course,
excluded those charges no longer payable because of the in
terest reductions granted to borrowers. For more detailed dis
cussion, see publications previously .cited.
K 173-177. Non-real-estate agricultural loans to farmers,
1910-1957.
Source: Federal Farm Loan Board and Farm Credit Ad
ministration, records.
See also specific sources mentioned below.
Non-real-estate credit, variously called short-term credit,
personal and collateral credit, or production credit, is obtained
by farmers from many sources including banks, Federal and
federally sponsored credit agencies, merchants, dealers, com
mission men, finance companies, landlords, and other individ
uals. Commercial banks have provided the bulk of this type
of credit extended by credit institutions although, since the
early 1930's, Federal and federally sponsored agencies and
finance companies have become important in this lending field.
The volume of non-real-estate credit extended by sources other
than banks and Federal agencies is believed to have been
about $3% billion in recent years; however, data for precise
estimates are lacking.
Since 1939, non-real-estate agricultural loan data of all op
erating banks have been available from the Comptroller of
the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
Since 1936, similar loans of insured commercial banks, whose
loans comprise about 97 percent of the loans of all banks,
have been regularly reported by the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation. For earlier years, the only data of this type
available are from Department of Agriculture surveys made
in 1914, 1918, 1921, 1924, 1931, 1934, and 1936, all of which
(except for 1936) are discussed in that Department's Agri
cultural Loans of Commercial Banks, Technical Bulletin No.
521, July 1936. Upon the basis of these survey data and of
data on all loans of "country" national banks for intervening
years, estimates have been made back to 1910. See the Agri
cultural Finance Review, "Short-Term Agricultural Loans of
Commercial Banks, 1910-1945," vol. 8, November 1945; and
Major Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Agriculture Handbook No. 118, vol. 6.
The Federal Government first entered the non-real-estate
agricultural credit field in 1918 when it made available $5
million for direct loans to farmers in the Northwest and South
west where there had been two successive crop failures. Dur
ing the 1920's, seed and feed loans were made available from
time to time in certain "distressed" areas by special Acts of
Congress. In the early 1930's, the basis for lending was
broadened and the Emergency Crop and Feed Loan Office came
to be a more-or-less permanent source of credit for farmers
in distress. The Farmers Home Administration Act of 1946
transferred the activities of the Emergency Crop and Feed
Loan Office from the Farm Credit Administration to the newly
created Farmers Home Administration (successor to the Farm
Security Administration) and provided for the liquidation of
these loans. Thereafter, any loans of this character were
made by the Farmers Home Administration under the pro
visions of the new law and are not included in this series. For
a further discussion of the crop and feed loan program, see
Department of Agriculture, Federal Seed-Loan Financing and
Its Relation to Agricultural Rehabilitation and Land Use, Tech
nical Bulletin No. 539, October 1936; and reports of the Farm
Credit Administration.
The Agricultural Credits Act of 1923 created the Federal
intermediate credit banks, the first permanent federally spon
sored credit agencies making non-real-estate loans available to
farmers. These banks make no loans directly to farmers, but
they do make loans to and discount loans for private financing
institutions (agricultural credit corporations and livestock loan
companies). Loans discounted by the Federal intermediate
credit banks for the production credit associations since their
organization in 1933 are not included here. See Frieda Baird
and Claude L. Benner, Ten Years of Federal Intermediate
Credits, The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C., 1933;
and reports of the Farm Credit Administration.
The same 1923 Act also authorized the Federal intermediate
credit banks to provide loans to and discounts for agricultural
cooperatives; that is, direct loans to marketing cooperatives
on the security of commodities. In 1933, special legislation au
thorized the creation of the "banks for cooperatives," which,
by 1936, had largely taken over the function of the inter
mediate credit banks in making loans to cooperatives. A part
of the loan funds of the "banks for cooperatives," however, is
supplied by the Federal intermediate credit banks.
K 178-180. Indexes of deposits of country banks, 1923-1957.
Source : Department of Agriculture, records.
The indexes for demand, time, and total deposits are based
upon deposits of member banks of the Federal Reserve Sys
tem, located in places of less than 15,000 inhabitants in the 20
leading agricultural States. (See Department of Agriculture,
269
K 181-204 AGRICULTURE
Demand Deposits of Country Banks, Technical Bulletin No.
575, August 1937; Agricultural Finance Review Supplement,
vol. 15, May 1953; and Major Statistical Series of the US.
Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook No. 118,
vol. 6.)
K 181-189. Number, memberships, and business of farmers,
marketing and purchasing cooperatives, 1913-1956.
Source: 1913-1955, Farmer Cooperative Service, Statistics
of Farmer Cooperatives, 1954-1955; 1956, Statistics of Farmer
Cooperatives, 1955-1956.
These data were first compiled in 1913-1915 from question
naires collected by mail from all cooperatives known to exist
in the period 1912-1915. In 1919, data on the extent of co
operative marketing and farm supply purchasing were collected
as a part of the Census of Agriculture. Other nationwide
surveys were conducted in 1922 and for the fiscal years 1925-
1926 and 1927-1928. Beginning with 1929-1930, annual nation
wide surveys have been taken of farmer marketing, farm
supply, and related services cooperatives. Data were collected
by mail in each of these surveys except for 1936-1937 when
information was collected in the field by Farm Credit Admin
istration in cooperation with the banks for cooperatives and
33 State agricultural colleges.
A bona fide farmer cooperative is defined as one in which
(1) farmers or agricultural producers hold the controlling in
terest; (2) no member is allowed more than one vote because
of the amount of stock or membership capital he owns therein,
or the cooperative does not pay dividends on stock or member
ship capital in excess of 8 percent a year; and (3) products
of nonmembers are not handled in an amount greater in value
than products of members. The annual survey includes all
active bona fide farmer cooperatives responding to the initial
questionnaire and showing their cooperative status, marketing
of farm products, handling of farm supplies, or performing of
services related to marketing or farm supply purchasing.
As cooperatives tended increasingly to diversify their opera
tions, the annual survey figures became less satisfactory.
Therefore, beginning with the survey covering fiscal 1951, re
vised questionnaires were used to develop information on a
functional and commodity basis.
A very high percentage of response has been obtained in
the annual survey. In the survey for fiscal 1955, 92 percent
of the 9,887 associations in the survey furnished information.
Estimates for nonreporting associations are based on every
available source of information including periodicals and news
papers published by cooperatives.
K 190-194. Indexes of farm output and gross production of
livestock, by groups, 1870-1957.
Source: 1870-1900, Department of Agriculture, Gross Farm
Income and Indices of Farm Production and Prices in the
United States, 1869-1937, Technical Bulletin No. 703, December
1940; 1910-1967, see source for series K 82. Census years,
Bureau of the Census, US. Census of Agriculture: 1954, vol.
II, p. 435.
The index of farm output (series K 190) includes all crops
produced during the crop year except hayseeds, pasture seeds,
cover crop seeds, and hay and concentrates fed to horses and
mules on farms. The index also includes "net" livestock pro
duction (gross livestock production minus hay and concentrates
fed) other than horses and mules on a calendar-year basis.
This calculation is made to eliminate counting of feed crops
in both livestock and crop production. The farm output index
is also available for each of the nine census geographic divi
sions from 1919 to 1957. Although the indexes prior to 1910
are not strictly comparable with those for 1910-1957, they
provide the best available measures for the early years.
The indexes on livestock production (as well as crop produc
tion) are measures of gross production, as they include items
of production excluded in the index of farm output. They are
subdivided into three livestock groups and nine crop groups.
Weighted average prices per unit of each commodity are
used in constructing these indexes. Separate sets of weights
are calculated for each of the nine census geographic divisions.
Official reports of the Agricultural Marketing Service are the
chief sources of data on both production and prices. The
omission of production from farm forests and other minor
items probably accounts for less than 5 percent of the total
output in recent years. Commodities of little importance are
omitted in some regions for earlier years.
Two weight periods are used: 1935-39 prices for 1939 and
prior years, and 1947-49 prices for the period beginning in
1940. The index series for the two subperiods are "spliced"
together in 1940 through the use of overlapped calculations
for that year. Annual quantity-price aggregates for the
United States are obtained by summing the regional data for
1919-1957.
For more detail, see Major Statistical Series of the United
States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook No.
118, vol. 2.
K 195-204. Livestock on farms and value per head, 1867-1957.
Source: 1867-1919, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Live
stock on Farms, January 1, 1867-1935, January 1938; 1920-
1939, Livestock on Farms and Ranches on January 1, Statis
tical Bulletin No. 88, 1950; 1940-1954, Agricultural Marketing
Service, Livestock and Poultry Inventory, January 1, Statistical
Bulletin No. 177, June 1956; 1956-1957, Livestock and Poultry
Inventory, January 1, annual releases. Census years, see source
for series K 190-194.
These estimates have been made by the Department of
Agriculture since 1867. The early estimates were based on
reports of the percentage change in numbers from the previous
year by field agents and crop reporters. At 10-year intervals,
the Census of Agriculture furnished the basic figures to which
these percentage changes were applied. Since 1920, annual
estimates are based primarily on survey returns from livestock
producers who report on the number of livestock, by classes,
on their own farms about December 1 each year. Records
of livestock assessed for taxation in the various States have
furnished indications of the annual percentage change in num
bers, and records of marketings and slaughter have been used
both by States and for the United States as check information.
Data from the Census of Agriculture have been used as peri
odic benchmarks for the January 1 estimates but there are
few census years when the Department of Agriculture esti
mates and the census data are in close agreement. One of
the main reasons for these differences is that there are only
a few times when the census was taken as of January 1. In
years when the census relates to a different date, adjustments
are made to determine a January 1 equivalent number. The
Department of Agriculture undertook in the midthirties a gen
eral revision of all estimates prior to 1920 to correct for ir
regularities in the early series and to utilize more fully the
records of numbers assessed for taxation and other information
not considered in preparing the original estimates; see first-
cited source above.
Prior to 1920, crop reporters provided a single estimate of
the value per head for a given species. Since 1920, the
estimates are weighted averages based on values per head
reported separately for the different age and sex classes of a
270
LIVESTOCK—MEAT K 205-233
given species—using as weights the estimated number in the
respective class.
K 205, 208, 210. Live weight production of livestock, 1909-
1957.
Source: 1909-1944, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Meat
Animals, Farm Production, and Income, 192U-19UU, September
1947; 1945-1949, Meat Animals, Farm Production, Disposition,
and Income, Statistical Bulletin No. 113, July 1952; 1950-1954,
Agricultural Marketing Service, Meat Animals, Farm Produc
tion, Disposition, and Income, Statistical Bulletin No. 184;
1955-1957, annual releases of publication with same title.
Production in live weight relates to the total poundage pro
duced on farms and ranches during a calendar year. The
estimate of production is derived by determining for each
State a balance sheet which shows as debit items the inventory
at the beginning of the year, the births, and inshipments, and
as credit items, the marketings, farm slaughter, death losses,
and numbers on hand at end of year. Estimates of average
live weight are based on reports from slaughterers, collected
by the Department of Agriculture and in the Census of Manu
facturers, and on records obtained from stockyards. In re
cent years, reports have been obtained from farmers on the
average weight of livestock slaughtered on farms. The total
live weight for beginning and end of year is obtained by multi
plying estimates of the different age and sex classes for a
species by an estimate of their respective average live weight.
Live weight of marketings, farm slaughter, and inshipments is
determined by multiplying the estimate for these items by the
respective average live weight. To obtain production, the total
weight of inshipments is subtracted from the combined weight
of marketings and farm slaughter. Then the difference in the
inventory weight between the beginning and end of year is
added or subtracted as the case might be.
K 206, 207, 209, 211, 212. Annual average price received per
hundred pounds of livestock by farmers, 1909-1957.
Source: 1909-1955, Agricultural Marketing Service, Prices
Received by Farmers, 1908-1955, Statistical Bulletin No. 180,
June 1956; 1956-1957, Agricultural Prices, April 1958 and 1959.
Price information is obtained from voluntary price reporters
who furnish average local market prices each month. The
estimates of monthly prices are weighted by monthly estimates
of marketings to obtain the annual average. The monthly
marketings are based on reports from stockyards and packers
on monthly receipts of livestock by State of origin.
K 213. Workstock, 2 years old and over, on farms, 1920-1957.
Source: See source for series K 195-204.
K 214-225. Meat slaughtering, production, and price, 1899-
1957.
Source: 1899-1945, Production and Marketing Administra
tion, Livestock Market News, Statistics and Related Data,
191,6, September 1947; 1946-1957, Agricultural Marketing Serv
ice, annual issues of publication with same title.
Figures for slaughter include federally inspected slaughter
and estimates of all other slaughter (other commercial slaugh
ter and farm slaughter). Before 1944, this information was
obtained largely on an annual basis from various sources; but,
beginning in 1944, information was collected by months, first
under the slaughter control program of the War Food Admin
istration, and later under the slaughter and meat control pro
grams of Office of Price Administration. Current data on
federally inspected slaughter, which includes animals con
demned as unfit for human food, are compiled by the Agricul
tural Research Service in connection with its regulatory func
tions on meat inspection. The number of animals slaughtered
in other commercial channels is estimated by the Agricultural
Marketing Service from monthly reports made by slaughterers
who are not under Federal inspection. Estimates of farm
slaughter are based on annual voluntary reports from livestock
producers with periodic data from the Census of Agriculture
as benchmarks. Production of the different kinds of meat are
computed from estimated average live weights and dressing
yields and, except for pork, is shown on a carcass weight basis.
Pork production represents carcass weight excluding the raw
fat rendered into lard.
The data on production under Federal inspection are based
on records of production and yields reported monthly by
slaughterers operating under Federal inspection. Monthly es
timates of production under Federal inspection are not avail
able prior to 1921. Reports of the biennial Census of
Manufactures on slaughter were used as a basis for annual
production estimates for years for which they are available.
In other years, the estimates were based on information ob
tained from market records and other sources. Currently, in
formation on weights and yields for other commercial slaughter
is based on monthly reports from commercial slaughterers who
are not under Federal inspection.
Prices of the different species of livestock at Chicago for
the early years are from records published in the Drovers
Journal Yearbook. Beginning in 1922, the price of beef steers
at Chicago is based on records of all steers sold out of first
hands for slaughter. The number of head, live weight, and
total value of steers, by grades, are compiled by weeks. The
annual prices represent the weighted average of all grades of
steers sold during the year for slaughter. Since 1919, the
average price for veal calves is based on the average of daily
quotations. The average price of hogs at Chicago has been
obtained from different sources; since 1920, it is the weighted
average of packer and shipper purchases at the Chicago mar
ket. Since 1921, the price of lambs at Chicago represents
an average computed from the bulk of sales price data.
K 226-233. General note.
Early development of the dairy industry in the United States
is indicated by export statistics of 1790 which showed the
New England States, New York, and Pennsylvania producing
considerable amounts of butter and cheese in excess of their
consumption requirements. The growth and spread of the
industry between that time and 1849, when statistics on dairy
ing were first available through the national census, are de
scribed in the Agriculture Yearbook, 1922, pp. 297-306. At
the middle of the 19th century, milk cows were rather gener
ally distributed over the eastern half of the United States as
far west as southern Wisconsin, eastern Iowa, western Mis
souri and Arkansas, and the eastern third of Texas. By 1860,
there were appreciable numbers of milk cows in the Pacific
Coast States. In later years, they gradually spread over the
intervening territory.
Dairy products sold by farmers in the early period were
limited mainly to whole milk, farm-made butter, and farm-
made cheese. Prior to 1850, these products were produced
mainly on farms. The 1850 Census showed the bulk of cheese
production for 1849 coming from farms in the area extending
from northeastern Ohio eastward through New York and
New England. Factory cheese production was in an experi
mental stage shortly before 1850, and made considerable prog
ress during the next two decades. Although some butter
was made in early cheese plants, the first commercial creamery
was not established until 1861. Since that time, factories have
largely supplanted farms in the production of both cheese and
butter.
271
K 226-233 AGRICULTURE
The first condensery was established in 1856, but little inter
est was given the product until the Civil War. Unsweetened
condensed milk was first produced in 1885; the canned un
sweetened product (evaporated milk) now makes up about
nine-tenths of all evaporated and condensed whole milk. Ice
cream was produced and sold by some retail stores in the first
half of the 19th century, and wholesale plant distribution to
dealers began about the middle of the century.
K 226-227. Cows and heifers kept for milk, 1850-1957.
Source: 1867-1929, Department of Agriculture, Agricultural
Statistics, 1941; 1930-1939, Agricultural Statistics, 1946; 1940-
1954, Agricultural Marketing Service, Livestock and Poultry on
Farms, January 1, Number, Value Per Head, and Total Value,
Revised Estimates, 19U0-195U, June 1956; 1955-1957, Livestock
on Farms, January 1, annual issues. (See also Livestock on
Farms, January 1, 1867-1935, January 1938.) Census years,
1850-1920, Bureau of the Census, Sixteenth Census Reports,
Agriculture, vol. Ill, pp. 606-607; 1925-1945, Census of Agri
culture, 19U5, vol. II, p. 381; 1950-1954, U.S. Census of Agri
culture: 1954, vol. II, p. 440.
The estimates are based on interpretation of data from the
Census of Agriculture, tax assessors, and other State agencies,
together with the analysis of changes taking place in herds
kept by a large sample of livestock reporters. With respect
to the data on milk cow numbers obtained in the Censuses of
Agriculture, the wording of the census questions has not nec
essarily been comparable with the definitions represented by
the annual estimates and has varied somewhat from one census
enumeration to another.
K 228. Milk production on farms, 1889-1957.
Source: 1889-1919, Bureau of the Census, various Censuses
of Agriculture reports; 1924-1954, Agricultural Marketing
Service, Milk-Farm Production, Disposition, and Income, Sta
tistical Bulletin No. 175, April 1956; 1955-1957, same title,
April 1959.
Beginning in 1924, the figures represent calendar-year esti
mates. The estimates are based on interpretations of census
data, analysis of annual and monthly survey data on milk
cows and milk production, and checks against information on
milk utilization obtained from dairy plants and other sources.
For 1919 and earlier years, the data are based on Censuses
of Agriculture and converted from gallons to pounds by use of
a conversion factor of 8.6 pounds per gallon. For 1889, the
census totals are the reported figures. For 1899 they include
estimates for incomplete reports, and for 1909 and 1919 they
include estimates of production on farms that reported milk
cows but failed to report milk produced. The 1889 and 1899
data were enumerated as of the following June, the 1909 data
as of April 15, 1910, and the 1919 data as of January 1, 1920.
K 229-232. Production of dairy products, 1849-1957.
Source: 1849-1916, E. E. Vial, Production and Consumption
of Manufactured Dairy Products, Department of Agriculture,
Technical Bulletin No. 722, April 1940; 1917-1939, Agricultural
Marketing Service, Revisions in the Production of Creamery
Butter, Cheese, and Ice Cream by States, 1916-1939, and Pro
duction and Utilization of Milk, United States, 1921^-1952;
1940-1957, same agency, Production of Manufactured Dairy
Products (except for series K 232, 1940-1949, Revisions of Ice
Cream and Ice Milk Data, by States, 19U0-19U9) .
For 1940-1957, data are from the annual survey of output
of dairy plants. For 1916-1939, data were based on the
annual survey of dairy plants supplemented by estimates for in
completeness in some States based on data from the Census of
Manufactures or from State sources. For the years prior to
1916 or 1917, the level of the figures was based mainly on the
Census Bureau's survey of the output of dairy plants with
interpolations for intervening ■ years for some products (see
E. E. Vial, cited above).
Butter production data represent farm and factory produc
tion combined. Factory butter figures for 1917-1957 are for
production of creamery butter and include some estimates
for incompleteness. Figures for factory production for 1849,
1869, 1869, 1879, 1899, 1904, 1909, and 1914 are from the
Census of Manufactures. The 1889 census data were revised
upward to allow for incompleteness. Annual figures on factory
butter production for the intercensal years were interpolated
on the basis of receipts of butter at major central markets
for 1879-1919 and on factory production for 1917-1957.
Cheese production figures include both farm and factory
cheese production prior to 1927. Since 1926, farm cheese
was negligible and is excluded. For 1909-1917, cheese figures
exclude full-skim American. For 1918-1957, data are from
plant reports of all types of cheese manufactured except cot
tage, pot, and bakers' cheese and full-skin American. For 1849,
1859, 1869, 1879, 1889, and 1909 the figures for total cheese
production are from the decennial censuses. The census data
for 1889 were revised upward to allow for incompleteness.
Estimates for the intercensal years 1869-1899 were interpolat
ed on the basis of market receipts. Data on factory production
of cheese for 1904 and 1914 are from the Census of Manufac
tures; data for the intercensal years 1869-1919 were interpo
lated on the basis of market receipts. Production of farm
cheese for the intercensal years 1899-1926 was roughly pro
jected on the basis of average change between census years
and added to the factory product to obtain total cheese figures.
Evaporated and condensed milk production includes evapo
rated whole milk, bulk unsweetened condensed whole milk,
and case and bulk sweetened condensed whole milk. Produc
tion figures for 1879, 1899, 1904, 1909, and 1914 are census
totals for all condensed and evaporated milk. For 1889, the
census data were revised upward to allow for incompleteness.
Data for 1869 are estimated; those for the noncensus years
before 1919 represent an estimated trend of production based
on intervening census data.
Ice cream production figures for 1916-1957 are based on the
annual survey of dairy manufacturing plants supplemented by
estimates for incompleteness in some States based on data
from the Census of Manufactures or State sources. For 1914,
data were estimated from the Census of Manufactures. For
1909 and earlier years, the data represent merely an estimated
trend of production.
K 233. Milk equivalent of manufactured dairy products, 1849-
1957.
Source : See source for series K 229-232.
For 1849-1923, the figures are based on national production
of manufactured dairy products converted to milk equivalent
on the basis of somewhat less refined conversion factors than
those used for later years. As such they include no allowance
for shifts in production between States or areas of high- or
low-testing milk, and they assume standard butterfat content
of the products for all years.
For 1930-1956, data were based on information of products
made in each State and State conversion factors for each
product. Duplication of milk usage involving the production
of butter from whey fat recovered from cheese making and
the use of butter and condensed milk in the production of ice
cream were eliminated.
272
DAIRY PRICES—WOOL—POULTRY K 234-253
K 234-235. Wholesale prices of cheese and butter, 1830-1957.
Source : Agricultural Marketing Service, records.
The wholesale prices of cheese represent averages of weekly
quotations on American twins on the Wisconsin cheese ex
change at Plymouth. The wholesale price of butter is that
for the New York City market. Since 1830, the data for
butter differ somewhat in definition and source (see tabular
footnote).
K 236-239. Prices received by farmers for dairy products,
1909-1957.
Source: 1909-1954, Agricultural Marketing Service, Prices
Received by Farmers, Statistical Bulletin No. 180, June 1956;
1955, Crops and Markets, November 1957, p. 73; 1956,
Agricultural Prices, April 1958; 1957, same title, April 1959.
Prices received by farmers for butter, butterfat, wholesale
milk, and retail milk are estimates based on averages of sur
vey data reported by dealers and farmers for their local mar
ket areas. Prices of butterfat (series K 237) represent the
butterfat in farm-skimmed cream sold by farmers; before
1920, survey information was not collected, and estimates were
extrapolated on the basis of trends in butter prices.
Wholesale milk prices (series K 238) are for milk sold by
farmers to plants and dealers including such establishments
as cheese factories, condenseries, creameries, or market milk
plants. Prior to 1923, these prices were asked on a per-gallon
basis and since that time on a per-100-pounds basis. Addi
tional historic information on wholesale milk-price series was
collected by direct plant contacts during the middle 1930's
when the State estimates were revised. See also Bureau of
Agricultural Economics, Wholesale Prices Received by Farmers
for Whole Milk, 1909-36, February 1937 (mimeographed).
Retail milk prices (series K 239) represent the milk re
tailed by farmers directly to consumers. Before 1923, survey
information was collected on a price per-gallon rather than
per-quart basis. Some of the increase in price between 1909
and 1945 probably represents additional services rendered in
process of distributing the milk. See also Bureau of Agricul
tural Economics, United States Average Farm Prices of Dairy
Products, 1910-34, June 1934 (mimeographed) .
K 240-241. Shorn wool production and price, 1869-1957.
Source: Series K 240, 1869-1908, Agriculture Yearbook,
1923; series K 241, 1869-1908, Department of Agriculture,
Gross Farm Income and Indices of Farm Production and
Prices in the United States, 1869-1937, Technical Bulletin No.
703, December 1940; series K 240-241, 1909-1956, Livestock
and' Meat Statistics, Statistical Bulletin No. 230, July 1958;
1957, Supplement to Statistical Bulletin No. 230.
The original source of data for 1869-1908 was the National
Association of Wool Manufacturers. Estimates have been
made by the Department of Agriculture since 1909. Wool
production is estimated by ascertaining the number of sheep
and lambs shorn and the average weight per fleece, and using
data from the Censuses of Agriculture as periodic benchmarks.
Extensive revisions of production estimates back through 1909
were made in 1936. The figures for 1869-1908 are not com
parable to these revised estimates. To illustrate the lack of
comparability, the unrevised production estimate of 287 mil
lion pounds for 1909, published in the Agriculture Yearbook
for 1923, may be compared with the revised estimate of 310
million pounds.
K 242-253. Poultry and eggs—number, production, and price,
1909-1957.
Source: Series K 242-248, 1909-1944, Bureau of Agricul
tural Economics, Farm Production, Disposition, and Income
From Chickens and Eggs, Statistical Bulletin No. 133, July
1953; 1945-1949, same title, June 1952; 1950-1953, Agricultural
Marketing Service, same title, Statistical Bulletin No. 183 ; 1954,
same title, April 1956 (mimeographed) ; 1955, same title, April
1957; 1956, same title, April 1958; 1957, same title, April
1959.
Series K 249-253, 1929-1944, Bureau of Agricultural Eco
nomics, Farm Production, Disposition, and Income From Tur
keys, June 1953; 1945-1949, same title, May 1952; 1950-1954,
Agricultural Marketing Service, same title, Statistical Bulletin
No. 182; 1955, same title, March 1957 (mimeographed); 1956-
1957, same title, March 1958.
Census data for chickens, 1910-1945, Bureau of the Census,
Census of Agriculture, 191,5, vol. II, pp. 406-407; 1950 and
1954, U.S. Census of Agriculture: 1954, vol. II, p. 531. Census
data for turkeys, 1910-1940, Sixteenth Census Reports, Agri
culture, Special Poultry Report, p. 46; 1950 and 1954, I7.S.
Census of Agriculture : 1954, vol. II, p. 556.
The estimates are believed to indicate, within reasonable
limits of accuracy, the actual number of farm chickens and
turkeys; the production of chickens, turkeys, and eggs; and,
with greater accuracy, the direction and extent of the changes
from year to year.
Complete surveys of the hatchery industry are made every
year in some States and every few years in all States. Month
ly estimates of the production of baby chicks, based on returns
from about 60 percent of total hatchery capacity, are also
made. These figures of hatchery output together with a
determination annually of the proportion of all farm chicks
that came from hatcheries, give a dependable check on the
actual level of chicken production.
Estimates of inventory numbers of chickens on farms
January 1 (series K 242) are based primarily upon census
enumerations. These enumerations for 1910-1955 were ad
justed for changes between January 1 and the average date
of enumeration in each State, and cover only farm flocks as
defined by the Census Bureau. Estimates of change in num
bers from year to year are based on rural carrier surveys
made in December of each year, covering about 150,000 live
stock farms, and on changes in flocks belonging to about 30,000
crop reporters, plus assessor and State farm census data where
available.
Although census enumerations of chickens on farms were
made in 1880, 1890, and 1900, the Department of Agriculture
did not make annual estimates until 1909 because data show
ing annual changes were not available.
Estimates of inventory numbers of turkeys on farms Jan
uary 1 (series K 249) are based primarily upon the census
enumerations of turkeys on farms January 1, 1935, and April
1, 1940, adjusted for changes in numbers between January 1
and the date of enumeration. Turkeys on farms were not re
ported in the 1945 Census. The number c~ January 1, 1945,
was estimated from the relationship between turkeys raised
in 1944 and the number on hand January 1, 1945, as re
ported by crop and livestock reporters, using as a base the
revised estimates of turkeys raised in 1944 based on the census
enumeration. Annual changes in the estimates for interven
ing years are based mainly on the numbers on hand as re
ported on January 1 by crop and livestock reporters. Esti
mates of turkeys raised from 1954-1957 are based on poultry
placement data secured from hatcheries. About an 88-percent
sample is obtained. Although census enumerations of turkeys
on farms were made in 1890, 1900, 1910, and 1920, the De
partment of Agriculture did not make annual estimates for
years prior to 1929 because data showing annual changes were
not available.
Chickens (series E 244) and turkeys (series K 251) pro
duced on farms are computed from the number raised during
273
K 254-268 AGRICULTURE
the year, minus the death loss of chickens and of turkeys
that were on hand at the beginning of the year. Young chick
ens and young turkeys of the current year's hatchings that
die are also excluded.
Egg production (series K 247) is estimated from returns
from about 30,000 crop respondents and 5,000 commercial egg
producers reporting on the first of each month for their own
flocks the number of layers on hand and the eggs produced
yesterday. Beginning with the estimated total number of
layers on farms at the beginning of the year, the change in
numbers from month to month is estimated from the changes
shown by these survey farms. The monthly average number
of layers and total egg production is revised at the end of the
year if the change in number of layers shown by an annual
survey with about 150,000 returns differs from the change
estimated from monthly returns. Adjustment is also made
for change in poultry farms on a monthly and annual basis.
K 254-328. General note.
For many crops, estimates of acreage, production-, and prices
begin in 1866, the year in which the Department of Agri
culture began making regular reports. Agricultural Statis
tics, particularly the issues of 1941 and 1952, presents most
of the available statistics, chiefly on a national basis, covering
every phase, from acreage and production of individual com
modities to utilization and consumption. Crop Production
(Crop Reporting Board) presents monthly forecasts for the
current season, beginning in March and carrying through the
growing season.
The December issue provides a summary for the current
season, revisions for the previous season, and comparisons
with previous years. Forecasts and summary are on a State
basis and for the United States. These data also appear in
Crops and Markets. Other releases by the Crop Reporting
Board present midmonth and season average prices received
by farmers, value of sales and production, farm disposition,
stocks in all positions, and other data. Periodic revisions con
nect current data with the longer historical series.
The censuses provide detailed data for counties. Census
data are often not entirely comparable with the estimates
shown, but furnish the benchmarks to establish the level of
the estimates. For years before 1866, information from trade
sources is available for some crops, such as cotton, tobacco,
and rice.
Crop estimates are based chiefly upon reports. from volun
teer farmer-reporters who represent every part of every State.
Check information is gathered from processor*; from transpor
tation and storage facilities, from buyers of farm products,
from annual State farm enumerations, from various farm pro
grams, and from other governmental agencies such as the
Bureau of the Census, the Bureau of Internal Revenue, and
the Bureau of Customs.
Season average prices are averages of the midmonth prices
weighted by the quantity sold each month in the crop-market
ing season, which is the 12-month period following the har
vesting of the crop. This season may vary for different crops,
and for any crop it may vary by States. The season aver
age price of any crop is the average of all the State prices,
weighted by the production of each State. Thus, it may be
applied to production in any given year to obtain a measure
of the value of that production. State season average prices
may be weighted by quantities sold in each State to obtain an
average for the United States which may be applied to total
quantities sold in the United States to measure value of sales
in the crop season. In neither case, however, should the com
puted value be confused with calendar-year income from the
crop. Monthly estimates of quantity sold are based upon
reports of receipts by the chief purchasers of the commodity—
in the case of grains, the interior mills and elevators.
Midmonth prices received by farmers are estimated by the
Crop Reporting Board and are based upon reports from thou
sands of firms dealing directly with farmers (such as eleva
tors, truckers, processors, produce dealers, etc.) and from
farmers themselves. The estimates are issued monthly for
the principal farm commodities in Agricultural Prices.
Season average prices for each State and the United States
are summed up in the December issue of Crop Values and in
Field and Seed Crops Farm Production, Farm Disposition, and
Value issued each May. Data for season average prices
begins for most commodities in 1908, but is supplemented for
preceding years by the December 1 price series based on
farmers' estimates on December 1 of average prices for the
season's sales.
K 254-264. Indexes of gross production of crops, by groups,
1910-1957.
Source : See source for series K 82.
See text for series K 190-194 for description of the index
and explanation of its construction.
K 265-268. Corn acreage, production, price, and stocks,
1839-1957.
Source: Series K 265-266, 1866-1943, Agricultural Market
ing Service, Acreage, Yield, and Production, 1866-1943, June
1954 (processed) ; 1944-1948, Crop Production, Statistical Bul
letin No. 108, March 1952 (processed) ; 1949-1954, Field Crops,
Acreage, Yield, and Production, Statistical Bulletin No. 185,
June 1956 (processed) ; 1955-1957, Crop Production, Decem
ber annual summary, 1956, 1957, and 1958. For census years,
Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Agriculture, 1954,
vol. II, p. 568.
Series K 267, 1866-1938, Department of Agriculture, Agri
cultural Statistics, 1952; 1939-1954, Agricultural Statistics,
1956; 1955-1957, Agricultural Marketing Service, Crop Values,
December 1956, 1957, and 1958.
Series K 268, 1926-1939, Com: Revised Estimates of Stocks
on Farms, 1926-41, April 1943 (processed) ; 1940-1943, Re
vised Estimates of Stocks on Farms, July 1947 (processed) ;
1944-1948, Farms Stocks of Grains, Oilseeds, and Hay, April
1952 (processed) ; 1949-1955, Stocks of Grains, Oilseeds, and
Hay, Statistical Bulletin No. 203, January 1957 (processed) ;
1956, Stocks of Grain in All Positions, July 1957; 1957, Stocks
of Grain in All Positions, October 1957.
See also general note for series K 254-328.
Corn figures include not only the production of corn on the
acreage harvested for grain, but also an allowance for that
harvested for silage and for forage, including some harvested
by grazing farm animals (commonly called hogging off). Es
timates of acreage harvested for grain, for silage, and for
forage, including that hogged off, and production of corn for
grain and silage are published by the Crop Reporting Board.
Census figures for 1919 and previous years for both acreage
and production represent corn harvested for grain only. For
1924-1939, census data for acreage represent corn harvested
for all purposes, but those for production represent corn har
vested for grain only.
The Crop Reporting Board has estimated farm stocks (series
K 268), by States, quarterly since 1926 from reports of a large
number of farmers. Farm stocks represent the farm carry
over for crops of previous years, which become a part of the
274
CROPS K 269-291
feed supply for the new season. In addition to farm stocks
of corn, stocks in all off-farm positions have been estimated
since 1943. Comparison with the farm-stocks data indicates
that the bulk of carryover stocks of corn on October 1 of
any year is still on farms.
K 269-273. Wheat acreage, production, price, and stocks,
1839-1957.
Source: Series K 269-270, 1866-1943, Agricultural Mar
keting Service, Wheat Acreage, Yield, and Production, 1866-
1943, Statistical Bulletin No. 168, February 1955 (processed) ;
for census data, 1944, Census of Agriculture: 1950, pp. 556-
557, and other 1944-1957 data, see source cited for series
K 265-266, above.
Series K 271, see source cited for series K 267, above.
Series K 272, 1926-1939, Stocks of Wheat on Farms, Re
vised Estimates, 1926-41, February 1943 (processed) ; 1940-
1955, see source cited for series K 268, above; 1956-1957,
Stocks of Grain in All Positions, July 1957 and 1958.
Series K 273, 1926-1929, Department of Agriculture, Agri
cultural Statistics, 191,1; 1930-1933, Agricultural Statistics,
1946; 1934-1955, Agricultural Marketing Service, Statistical
Bulletin No. 203, January 1957 (processed) ; 1956-1957, Stocks
of Grain in All Positions, July 1957 and 1958.
Wheat figures are the combined estimates for winter, durum,
and other spring wheat, harvested for grain. Separate series
for each of these kinds, by market classes, are published by
the Crop Reporting Board. The census data on acreage and
production are regarded as comparable with the estimates in
most cases. Wheat acreage harvested for hay is not included
in these series.
Farm stocks of all wheat, by States, have been estimated
quarterly since 1926 from reports of a large number of farm
ers. Farm stocks (series K 272) represent the farm carry
over from previous crops at the beginning of a new crop year.
The carryover added to the new crop is the supply for the
new season. Stocks in interior mills, elevators, and ware
houses (series K 273) have been estimated by the Crop Re
porting Board since 1919, and data on stocks in other commer
cial storages have been gathered by other agencies for varying
periods.
See also general note for series K 254-328.
K 274-276. Oats for grain acreage, production, and price,
1839-1957.
Source: Series K 274-275, 1866-1943, Agricultural Market
ing Service, Acreage, Yield, and Production, 1866-1943, June
1954 (processed); 1944-1957 and for census years, see source
for series K 265-266. Series K 276, see source for series
K 267.
For 1866-1948, oats for grain figures include the acreage
cut ripe and fed unthreshed; for 1949-1957, they include only
the acreage and production combined or threshed. Estimates
of harvested acreage exclude oats cut green for hay for all
years and oats cut ripe and fed unthreshed, 1949-1957. Cen
sus data are comparable only with the estimates beginning in
1949. Data on farm stocks and stocks in off-farm positions
are also available in publications of the Crop Reporting Board.
See also general note for series K 254-328.
K 277-279. Barley for grain acreage, production, and price,
1839-1957.
Source: Series K 277-278, 1866-1908, Department of Agri
culture, Agricultural Statistics, 1941; 1909-1938, Agricultural
Statistics, 196S; 1939-1943, Agricultural Marketing Service,
Field and Seed Crops, Acreage, Yield, and Production, April
1947 (processed) ; 1944-1957 and for census years, see source
for series K 265-266. Series K 279, 1866-1908, Agricultural
Statistics, 1941; 1909-1938, Agricultural Statistics, 195%;
1939-1957, see source cited for series K 267.
The annual estimates of barley acreage and production and
the census data are on a comparable basis. Barley cut for
hay is excluded. Figures on farm stocks are available from
1933-1957, and stocks in off-farm positions have been esti
mated since 1943. These data are available in various publi
cations of Agricultural Marketing Service.
See also general note for series K 254-328.
K 280-282. Flaxseed acreage, production, and price, 1849-1957.
Source: Series K 281, 1866-1888, Agricultural Marketing
Service, Revised Estimates of Flaxseed Production, 1866-1929,
July 1936 (processed). Series K 280-282, 1889-1957, see
source for series K 277-279. Census years, Bureau of the
Census, U.S. Census of Agriculture, 1954, vol. II, p. 570.
See also general note for series K 254-328.
Annual estimates and census data are on a comparable basis.
Flax grown for fiber is not included in the acreage estimates;
flaxseed deseeded from fiber flax is not included in the pro
duction estimates. Estimates of fiber flax are available in
publications of the Crop Reporting Board. Farm-stocks data
and stocks in off-farm positions, 1947-1957, are also available
from the same source.
K 283-285. Soybeans for beans acreage, production, and price,
1924-1957.
Source: Series K 283-284, 1924-1953, Agricultural Market
ing Service, Statistical Bulletin No. 211, June 1957 (processed) ;
1954, Field Crops, Acreage, Yield, and Production, Statistical
Bulletin No. 185, June 1956 (processed) ; 1955-1957, Crop Pro
duction, December annual summary, 1956, 1957, and 1958.
Series K 285, 1924-1953, Statistical Bulletin No. 211 (cited
above) ; 1954-1957, Crop Values, December 1955, 1956, 1957,
and 1958. Census years, Bureau of the Census, U. S. Census
of Agriculture : 1954, vol. II, p. 571.
Price figures are season average prices prepared by weight
ing the midmonth prices received by farmers. Figures for
acreage grown for all purposes, alone and interplanted, and
acreage and production of soybeans for hay are also esti
mated by the Crop Reporting Board. Data on farm stocks
and stocks in off-farm positions, 1942-1957, are also available
in publications of the same agency.
See also general note for series K 254-328.
K 286-288. Rice acreage, production, and price, 1895-1957.
Source: Series K 286-287, 1895-1943, Agricultural Market
ing Service, Fluctuations in Crops and Weather, Statistical
Bulletin No. 101, June 1951 (processed) ; 1944-1957 and for
census years, see source for series K 265-266. Series K
288, 1904-1928, Agricultural Marketing Service, records; 1929-
1957, see source for series K 267.
See also general note for series K 254-328.
K 289-291. Rye for grain acreage, production, and price, 1866-
1957.
Source: Series K 289-290, 1866-1908, Department of Agri
culture, Agricultural Statistics, 1941; 1909-1943, Agricultural
Statistics, 1952; 1944-1957 and for census years, see source
for series K 265-266. Series K 291, 1866-1908, Agricultural
Statistics, 1941 ; 1909-1957, see source for series E 267.
See also general note for series K 254-328.
Data on farm stocks are available from 1933-1957 and on
stocks in off-farm positions from 1943.
275
K 292-315 AGRICULTURE
K 292-294. Buckwheat acreage, production, and price, 1866-
1957.
Source: 1866-1953, Agricultural Marketing Service, Rice,
Popcorn and Buckwheat Acreage, Yield, Production, Price and
Value, 1866-1953, Statistical Bulletin No. 238, October 1958;
1949-1957, see source for series K 269-271.
See also general note for series K 254-328.
K 295-297. Sugarcane acreage, production, and price, 1909-
1957.
Source: 1909-1938, Department of Agriculture, Agricultur
al Statistics, 1952; 1939-1954, Agricultural Statistics, 1956;
1955-1957, Agricultural Marketing Service, Crop Production,
June 1957 and 1958. Census years, Bureau of the Census,
US. Census of Agriculture: 1951,, vol. II, p. 576.
See general note for series K 254-328.
K 298-300. Hay acreage, production, and price, 1866-1957.
Source: Series K 298-299, 1866-1908, Department of Agri
culture, Agricultural Statistics, 1941; 1909-1943, Agricultural
Statistics, 1952; 1944-1957, see source for series K 265-266.
Series K 300, 1866-1957, see source for series K 267. Census
years, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Agriculture, 1954,
vol. II, p. 573.
See also general note for series K 254-328.
Census data are comparable to annual estimates in the
series in which they are included. Farm stocks of hay, as of
January 1 and May 1 of each year, are published in Crop
Production.
K 301-306. Cotton and cottonseed acreage, production, price,
and stocks, 1790-1957.
Source: Series K 301, 1866-1952, Agricultural Marketing
Service, Cotton and Cottonseed Acreage, Yield, Production,
Disposition, Price, and Value, 1866-1952, Statistical Bulletin
No. 164, June 1955 (processed) ; 1953-1957, Cotton and Cot
tonseed Production, May 1955, 1956, 1957, and 1958. Census
years, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Agriculture: 1954,
vol. II, p. 575.
Series K 302, 1790-1865, Department of Agriculture, Bu
reau of Statistics, Circular 32, August 1912; 1866-1957 and
census years, see source for series K 301.
Series K 303, 1869-1875, Department of Agriculture, Bureau
of Statistics, Circular 32, August 1912; 1876-1908, Agricultur
al Statistics, 1941; 1909-1952, Agricultural Marketing Serv
ice, Statistical Bulletin No. 164, June 1955 (processed) ; 1953-
1955, Agricultural Marketing Service, Cotton and Cottonseed
Production, May 1955, 1956, 1957, and 1958.
Series K 304, 1906-1928, Department of Agriculture, Agri
cultural Statistics, 1941; 1929-1945, Agricultural Statistics,
1952; 1946-1955, Agricultural Statistics, 1956; 1956-1957,
Bureau of the Census, Facts for Industry, supplement to series
M 22-P, August and September, 1957.
Series K 305, see source for series K 301.
Series K 306, see source for series K 303.
See also general note for series K 254-328.
Cotton production figures for census years are shown in
running bales, and are not comparable with annual produc
tion estimates shown in 500-pound gross-weight bales. The
net weight per running bale was 383 pounds in 1839, the
first census period; 496.1 pounds in 1944; and 482.0 in 1954,
the most recent census year.
Cotton production estimates are defined by statute as cotton
actually ginned. For 1913-1924, annual ginnings as published
by the Bureau of the Census included some cotton produced
in lower California and Mexico and ginned in California;
however, it is not included in U.S. production for those years.
For those years, also, cotton ginned in the United States ex
ceeds production by the quantity of the cross-border move
ment of seed cotton into this country. For all other years,
beginning in 1899, production of cotton is the quantity of
census ginnings by States adjusted for cross-State movement
of seed cotton and rounded to thousands of bales. U.S. pro
duction is obtained by adding rounded State estimates and
therefore differs slightly from the Census Bureau report on
ginnings.
Before 1899, production figures were compiled from various
current sources including exports and imports, -ail and water
shipments, mill receipts, etc., together with the decennial
enumerations of the Bureau of the Census. These production
estimates are the same as those in Department of Agriculture,
Bureau of Statistics, Circular 32, cited above, except for minor
adjustments caused by rounding State estimates.
Figures for stocks (series K 304) are in running bales, ex
cept that any small quantity of foreign cotton which is in
cluded is in equivalent 500-pound gross-weight bales. Before
1914, stocks are as of September 1. Data for 1906-1922 are
from the New York Cotton Exchange Service; those for 1923-
1957 were compiled by the Bureau of the Census.
Cottonseed production (series K 305) for 1866-1927 was
computed from net lint production using a uniform ratio of
65 pounds of cottonseed for each 35 pounds of net lint. Be
ginning in 1928, ratios were estimated from data collected
from cotton ginners.
The season average prices from 1908 to date for both cotton
and cottonseed (series K 303 and K 306) are the weighted
averages of midmonth prices. Before 1909, cottonseed prices
are not available; before 1908, cotton prices were based on
farmers' estimates on December 1 of average prices for the
season.
The crop-marketing season for both cotton and cottonseed
is August 1 to July 31 for all States except Texas where it
begins about mid-July.
K 307-309. Tobacco acreage, production, and price, 1866-1957.
Source: Series K 307-308, 1866-1943, Agricultural Market
ing Service, Tobacco Acreage, Yield, Production, Price, and
Value, July 1948 (processed) ; 1944-1954, see source for se
ries K 265-266, above; 1955-1957, Crop Production, July 1956-
1958. Series K 309, 1866-1943, see source for series K 307-
308; 1944-1954, Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Sta
tistics, 1956; 1955-1957, Agricultural Marketing Service, Crop
Values, December 1956, 1957, and 1958.
See also general note for series K 254-328.
Agricultural Marketing Service publications also present es
timates of stocks of tobacco, 1929-1957, and of acreage and
production of tobacco, by types, 1919-1957.
K 310-315. Irish potatoes and sweetpotatoes acreage, produc
tion, and price, 1849-1957.
Source: Census years, Bureau of the Census, US. Census
of Agriculture: 1954, vol. II, p. 577.
Series K 310, 1866-1948, Agricultural Marketing Service,
Statistical Bulletin No. 122, March 1953; 1949-1955, Statis
tical Bulletin No. 190, August 1956; 1956 and 1957, Crop
Production, 1957 and 1958, annual summary.
Series K 311 and K 314, 1866-1918, Crop Reporting Board,
records ; 1919-1957, see source cited for series K 310.
Series K 312, 1866-1908, see source for series K 311; 1909-
1955, Agricultural Marketing Service, Agricultural Prices,
February 1957; 1956-1957, Crop Values, December 1957 and
276
FRUIT K 316-328
1958. Series K 313, 1866-1918, Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Statistics, 1941; 1919-1957, see source for series
K 310.
Series K 315, 1866-1908, see source for series K 311; 1909-
1955, Agricultural Marketing Service, Agricultural Prices,
January 1957; 1956-1957, see source for series K 312.
Estimates of potatoes and sweetpotatoes relate to the total
crop harvested and include quantities used on farms where
grown and losses from shrinkage, cullage, and dumping after
harvest. The potato crop is divided into six seasonal groups:
Winter, early spring, late spring, early summer, late summer,
and fall. The seasonal estimates are based on the usual time
of harvest. The schedule of estimates and the classification
of States are shown in Agriculture Handbook No. 127, June
1957. Stocks on hand in the 26 fall States are published in
separate reports, as of December 1, January 1, February 1,
and March 1.
K 316-328. Fruit production and price, 1889-1957.
Source: Census years, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census
of Agriculture: 1954, vol. II, pp. 825-829 (for oranges and
grapefruit for 1949 and 1954, see vol. I, parts 18, 24, 26, 30,
and 33).
Series K 316-324, 1889-1943, Agricultural Marketing Serv
ice, Fruits, Non-Citrus, Production, Farm Disposition, Value,
and Utilization of Sales, 1889-1944, May 1948; 1944-1948,
Statistical Bulletin No. 114, October 1952; 1949-1954, Statis
tical Bulletin No. 192, September 1956; 1955, Fruits, Non-
Citrus Production, Use, and Value, 1955 and 1956, July 1957;
1956-1957, 1957 and 1958 Annual Summary, Crop Production,
December 1957 and 1958, and Crop Values, December 1957
and 1958.
Series K 325-328, 1909-1944, Agricultural Marketing Serv
ice, Citrus Fruits-Production, Farm Disposition, Value, and
Utilization of Sales, Crop Season 1909-10 to 1948-44 (mimeo
graphed), October 1945; 1944-1948, Citrus Fruits, Produc
tion, Farm Disposition, Value, and Utilization of Sales, Crop
Season 1944-45 to 1949-50 (mimeographed), October 1952;
1949-1954, Statistical Bulletin No. 201, January 1957; 1955,
Citrus Fruits, Production, Use, and Value, October 1957 and
1958; 1957, 1958 Annual Summary, Crop Production, December
1958, and Crop Values, December 1958.
See also general note for series K 254-328.
Estimates of fruit production include the harvested crop
plus allowances for economic abandonment in years when ap
preciable quantities are not harvested because of low prices
or other economic factors; they exclude losses from natural
causes, such as windstorms, freezes, etc. For all crops ex
cept apples, production relates to the total crop within the
State, including both commercial and home production. For
apple production, estimates for 1935-1957 relate to the total
crop within specified counties designated as "commercial"
counties.
Since annual estimates of Agricultural Marketing Service
were begun they have been checked and adjusted at the end
of each marketing season on the basis of shipment and proc
essing records from transportation agencies, processors, co
operative marketing associations, and other industry organi
zations. The estimates are again checked at 5-year intervals
with the Census of Agriculture and revised. The Agricultural
Marketing Service estimates for census years do not always
agree with census data because of allowance for economic
abandonment and of adjustments based on available shipment
and processing records.
Citrus fruits are valued at equivalent per unit returns, ex
cluding packing, grading, and container costs, rather than at
average prices for all sales.
277
K 1-52 AGRICULTURE
Series K 1-7. Farms, Land in Farms, and Value of Farm Property and Real Estate: 1850 to 1957
[Census figures in italics]
Number
offarms 1
1.000farms
4,8574,S~~
5.0875,2016,3085,4215.535
5,6485,7225,8036.8715,926
6,9676,0036,0896,2026,293
6,3506,4416,5276.6366,739
«,8U6,7766,7416,6876,608
infarms ■
1.000acres
(')(•)
(')1 ,158. 19t1,158.2851.158,3781,158,471
1 ,158,6651,155,1741.161,7841.148.3941,145,003
l.m.eu
1.125.4611.109,3081,093,155,1.077,002
1,060.8511.059.5821.058,3151,057,0471,055,780
1 ,054.5121,040.9631,027,4151.013,8651,000,317
Selecteditems offarm
property,
totalvalue 1
Milliondollars
137,977129.882
125.930122.352126,802130 . 464116,722
99.365100.36893.86285.46275.937
69.18663,23056,16348,60142,979
41,82942,21343.20242,92641,803
88,95937.53836,24943,65151,806
Farmland and
Totalvalue *
Milliondollars
109.469102,652
98,78091,68896.63896,00486,798
75,25676,62373,66468.46361,046
53,88448,20041,60437,54734,400
88,6S6i
34.085!85,17036.21334,260
33,26432,20130.80237.18043,730
Averagevalue
per acre
Dollars
94.6288.63
85.2981.7683.4382.8774.92
64 9666.3363 9659.6263.31
47.2042.8337.5034.3631.94
81.7132.1733.2333.3132.45!
31.5430.9329.98;36.6743.72
Farmbuildings,
totalvalue
Milliondollars
24,59423,919
24,534IS , 9lt25,45424,95022,768
to, 80820,77820,06218,52116,724
11,90613,59111,92311,02610,386
10,405
Index ofaveragevalue offarm realestate
per acre(1947-49-100)
10,245
117138
133128132132119
103105Kll
M84
746758
ss19
49
49
H4948
4544425161
Year
19301929192819271926
19251924192319221921
19201919191819171916
19151914191319121911
19101900189018801870
18601850
Numberof
farms 1
1,000farms
6,5466.5126,4706,4586,462
6.4716.4806.4926,5006.511
6,5186,5066,4886,4786,463
6,4586,4476,4376,4306,425|
6,4065,7874,5654,009i,660\
2,0441 ,44S
Landin
farms 1
1,000acres
986,768974,277961,787949.297936,806
924.816930 , 628936,941943,253949 , 566
955.878948 , 169940.461932,752925.044
917,335909,627901,918894,209886,501
878,792838,5836tS,t07586,061,407,728
407.179298,534
Selecteditems offarm
property,totalvalue 1
Milliondollars
57,68957,73856,72756,39357,412
57,48958,51960,90261.98271,401
78,88866 , 86361,46654,90250,651
47,71547,42945,72043,84242,693
40,959tO, 36516,489lt.iOi9,ilt
7,9803,967
Farmland arbuildings
Totalvalue '
Milliondollars
47,87847,98547,53247,68049,000
49.4«»50,48762,62964,05061.523
66,81064.53349,98045 , 52442,264
39 , 59039,57938,45637,29836,042
84,79816,60813,t7310,1937, HI
6,6423,t70
Averagevalue
per acre
Dollars
48.5249.2549 4250.2352.31
53.6164.2556.1757 3064.79
69.8757.5153.1448.8045.69
43.1643. si;42.64'41.7140.66
89.5919.81tl .3119. Ot18.26
16. St11. 14
Farmbuildings,
totalvalue
Milliondollars
12,949
11,715
11,185
6. SO,8,555
Index ofaveragevalue offarm realestate
per acre(1947-49
-100)
M69707174
767KSI
103847S
70
It
6161
1 Except for data from Census of Agriculture, estimates have been adjusted for under-enumeration and changes in definition in the Census. Not strictly comparable withland in farms, value of farm property, or value of farm real estate.
* Intercensal estimates derived from straight-line interpolation,of Columbia.
Excludes District
* Includes farmland and buildings, machinery and equipment, and all livestock.* Census years as of date of enumeration. AH other years as of March 1. District
of Columbia excluded.1 Not available.
Series K 8-52. Farms, by Color and Tenure of Operator, and Acreage and Value, by Tenure of Operator: 1880 to 1954
Color and tenureof operator
1954 1 1950 1945 1940 1980 1920 1910 1900 1890
NUMBER OF FARMS
U.S
Full ownerPart ownerManagerTenant
WhiteFull ownerPart ownerManagerTenant
NonwhiteFull ownerPart ownerManagerTenant
South
Full ownerPart ownerManagerTenant
Croppers
WhiteFull ownerPart owner
ManagerTenant
Croppers
NonwhiteFull ownerPart ownerManagerTenant
4,783,021
2,744,708868,18020,894
1,149,239
4,801,4202,604,730
814,11220,236
862,342
481,601139,97854,068
658286,897
2,317.296
1,276,226861,016
9,671681,483267,662
,853,820,146,872300,2809,190
398,978107,416
463,476129,86450,736
881282,605160,246
5,382,162 6,859,169 6,096,799 6,288,648 6,448,343 6,361,502 6,737,372 4,564,641
3,089,583824,92828 , 527
1,444,129
4,801,2432,936,122
769,67323,066
1,072,492
580,919163,46155,360
471871,687
2,662,423
8,301,361660,50238,886
1,868,421
6,169,9548,126,212
629,73438,268
1,876,745
689,215175,14980,768
622482,676
2,881,135
3,084,138615,08986,351
2,361,271
6,877,7282,916,562
581,61785,634
1,844,015
719,071167,57638 , 622
717517,256
3,007,170
2,911,644666,75056,889
2,664,866
5,872,6782,762,787
612,88752,767
1,954,187
916,070168,85743,8638,122
710,228
3,223,816
1,411,128325,999
9,979905,322346,765
2,093,3331,269,641274,136
9,740639,817148,708
669,090141,48261,864
239366,506198,057
1,509,056193,60718,193
1,166,279446.656
2,216,7221,348,076
166,35512,751
689,540176,260
665,418160,98028,262
442475,789270,296
1,327,690216,60718,680
1,449,293541,291
,326,904,185,788185,24613,216
942,655242,173
680,266141,90281,361
865506,638299,118
1,190,683224,99217,868
1,790,788776,278
2,842,1291,060,187
183,46916,629
1,091,944383,881
881,687140,49641,628
829698,839892,897
3,366,510668,68068,449
2,454,804
6,498,4648,174,109
517,76966,223
1,740,363
949,889192,40140,8212,226
714,441
3,206,664
1,405,762191,46318,818
1,691,121661,091
2,283,7601,227,204
152,43216,548
887,566227,378
922,914178,56839,0811,770
708 , 655888,713
3,854,897693,82658,104
2,364,676
6,440,6193,169,088
548,41366,660
1,676,668
920,883195,80945,4121,644
678,118
3,097,647
3,201,451,69,
2,024,
4,969,8,026,
420,67,
1,465,
767,176,30,1,
559,
947376085964
608931875261541
764016501824423
3,269,728
1,294,913
2,984,3
1,024,6
1,836,372 ,631,077
1,329,890215,12116,284
1,536,762
1,237,188,18,
1.231
114368765144
1,130,029
706,348
977,229
663,848
2,207,4061454,100
171,94415,084
866,278
1,879,7211,078,635106,17117,172
678,748
890,141176,29048,1771,200
670,474
740,670158,47928,1971,593
562,401
1 Based on i
278
FARMS K 8-72
Series K 8-52. Farms, by Color and Tenure of Operator, and Acreage and Value, by Tenure of Operator:
1880 to 1954—Con.
SeriesColor and tenure of operator 1954 1 1960 1945 1940 1930 1920 1910 1900
No.
LAND IN FARMS
(1,000 acre*)All farms41 1,160,044 I , 158.566 1.141.61S 1 .060.852 986,771 955,884 878,798 838,592
4243444544
897,214472,465100,008190,3629,418
418,970422,394105.241211,96014,:66
412.358871,251106,372251.68418,922
882,098300,326
372,460245,926
461,250176,526
464,923133.63158,731
226,513
431,261124,77987,518195,034
Manager 66,530311.899
61,986306,409
64,129264,980Tenant
Croppers (South) 23,813 31,605 22,531
AVERAGE VALUE PER FARM OF FARMLAND ANDBUILDINGS
47(dollars)
19,761 13.911 7,917 5.S18 7,614 10,284 5,471 2,896
4849
14,61136,764165,80019,4648,972
10,71625,133128,25512,9433,333
6,39315,18460,5526,9411.981
4,9609,938
39,6874,6691,433
7,26512,38940,0526,1481,802
9,12216,38738,9879,6902.633
5,1608,616
26,0754.662
2,8514,34713,1142.345
SOSI52 Croppers (South)
1 Based on sample.
Series K 53-60. Number, Acreage, Value, and Amount of Indebtedness of Mortgaged Farms, by Tenure of Operator:
1930 to 1956
Mortgage debt
Numberof
farms
LandValue
of farmland andbuildings
Ratio ofmortgage
debtto
totalvalue
Equity
Year
infarms Total
Debtperacre
Debtperfarm
permortgagedfarm
53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
1,000 farm* 1,000 acre* (1,000 $1.000 Percent Dollare Dollar! Dollare
ALL TENURES
(') 848,687 36,282,284 9,066,153 26.0 26 00 (') (')1950 1,480 303,610 22,049,126 6,579,278 25.8 18 38 3,769 11,125
1945 1,714 373,123 16,376,954 4,940,915 80.2 13 24 2,883 6,672
1940 2,364 457,874 15,878,779 6,586,399 41.5 14 40 2,786 3,929
1985 2.850 (') (') 7,584,459 (') 0) 3.227 M2,523 (') (') 9,630,768 C) (') 3.817 (')
1966.FULL OWNER
909 149.111 17,625,598 4,719,920 26.8 81 65 5.191 14,194
1950 894 186,343 11.273,872 3.116,297 27.6 23 03 8,485 9,123
1945. 997 149,106 8.166,198 2,689,787 32.9 18 04 2,697 6,492
1940 1,278 180,452 7,887,168 3,353,376 42.5 18 58 2,623 3,647
1935 1,270 181,868 7,338,406 3,682,364 50.2 20 25 2,899 2,879
PART OWNER 1
1,232 182,081 10,955,133 4,337,225 39.6 28 82 3,521 5,878
1956. 368 117,087 9,086,969 2,811,978 26.4 19 75 6,278 18,897
1950 281 90,079 4,585,278 1,178,637 25.7 IS 08 4,187 12,103
1945 274 89,898 2,862,721 875,036 30.6 9 78 3,194 7.256
1940 337 93,882 2,358,408 1,105,664 46.9 11 78 3,287 8,724
1935 349 H (') (') P) <■'} (') (')1930 860 W (') w (') (') (') (')
MANAGER AND TENANT '1966 (') 82,489 9,569,717 2,034,255 21.3 24 66 (l) .
1950 305 78,188 6,190.476 1.284,344 20.7 16 48 w 16,095
1946 443 134,119 5,347,035 1,876,092 25.7 10 26 8,969
1940 749 188,040 5,628,213 2,127.859 37.8 11 62 4.674
1985 731 ffl w W w P1930 931 M « (') w o (') (')
1 Not available. * Not shown because data for mortgage debt include rented portion of part-owner
5 Acres, value, and debt are for owned portion only. farms.a Acres, value, and debt include the rented portion of part-owner farms.
Series K 61-72. Farms and Land in Farms, by Size of Farm: 1880 to 1954
[In thousands]
Under 10 acr<
10 to 30 to 50 to 100 to 180 to 260 to 500 to 1,000
Total Under 3 to 29 49 99 179 259 499 999 and
Year Total 8 9 acres acres acres acres acres acres acres over
acres acres
NUMBER OF FARMS
61 62 63 64 66 66 67 68 69 70 71 72
4,782 484 100 884 718 499 864 963 464 482 192 181
1950 6,382 486 77 408 854 624 1,048 1,103 487 478 182 121
5,869 594 99 495 946 709 1,167 1,200 498 473 174 113
1940 6,097 606 36 470 1,013 767 1,291 1,810 486 469 164 101
6,812 571 86 535 1,241 882 1,444 1,438 507 473 167 89
6,289 358 43 315 2.C 00 1,375 1.1 64 451 160 81
1926 6,872 378 15 363 2,089 1,421 1,887 440 144 63
6,448 289 20 269 2,011 1,475 1,980 476 150 67
1910 6,362 335 18 317 1,919 1,488 2,061 444 125 60
6,787 267 41 226 1,664 1,366 1,912 378 103 47
4,666 160 (') (') 1,168 1,122 2,009 84 82
4,009 189 4 185 1,036 1,033 1,696 76 29
1 Not available.
279
K 61-82 AGRICULTURE
Series K 61-72. Farms and Land in Farms, by Size of Farm: 1880 to 1954—Con.
[In thousands]
Under 10 acres
10 to 30 to 50 to 100 to 180 to 260 to 500 to 1.000
Total Under 3 to 29 49 99 179 259 499 999 and
Year Total 3 9 acres acres acres acres acres acres acres over
acres acres
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72
LAND IN WARMS (1.000 acres)
1954 1,158,192 2,260 (') (') 12,704 19,165 62,725 130,120 99,863 168,368 131,505 531,482
1950 1,159,789 2,429 (') (') 15,391 23,945 75,628 149,942 105,388 166,584 125,981 494,501
1945 1,141,615 2,805 141 2,664 16,864 27,074 83.206 162,375 105,802 164,647 118,836 460,006
1940 1,060,852 2,668 51 2,617 18,111 29,388 93,317 177,508 104,288 159,568 111,935 364,069
1935 1,054,515 3,057 51 3,006 22,272 33,691 104,016 194,804 108,462 164,268 114,244 309,701
1930 986,771 1,908 61 1,847 54,041 98,685 290,478 156,522 108,924 276.213
1925 924,319 2,097 23 2,074 54,465 101,906 292 ,180 151,731 97,468 224,472
1920 955,884 1,600 33 1,567 55,553 105,631 307,244 164,244 100,976 220.636
1910 878,798 54,172 103,121 470,770 83,653 167.082
1900 . 838,592 1,478 79 1,399 47,240 98,592 295,962 129,672 67,864 197.784
'Not available.
Series K 73-82. Farm Employment, Wages, and Man-Hours Used for Farmwork: 1866 to 1957
Employment 1 Wage ratesIndex
man-hoursof laborused forfarmwork(1947-49= 100)
1Index
composite
Per month * Per day ' Farmers*expenditures
for hiredlabor*Year
Totalfarm
Familyworkers 1
Hiredworkers
farmwage rates
(1910-14 =100)
Withboard
Withoutboard
Withboard
Withoutboard
73 74 75 76 77 78 79 SO 81 82
1,000 1,000 1,000 Dollars Dollart Dollart Dollart tl,000.000
1957 7,677 5,682 1,895 560 133 00 168 00 5 80 6 80 2,867 791956 7.820 5,899 1,921 542 128 00 161 00 5 60 5 60 2,790 83
1955 8,364 6,347 2,017 519 123 00 154 00 5 40 6 30 2,736 851954 8.639 6,579 2,060 508 120 00 151 00 5 30 6 30 2,714 851953 8,864 6,775 2,089 517 122 00 151 00 6 40 5 30 2,792 88
1952 9,149 7,005 2,144 508 119 00 146 00 5 30 5 30 2,801 89
1951 9,546 7,310 2,236 481 113 00 137 00 6 00 5 00 2,931 91
1950 9,926 7,597 2,329 432 99 00 121 00 4 45 4 50 2,750 891949 9,964 7,712 2,252 430 99 00 121 00 4 45 4 45 2,865 97
1948 10,363 8,026 2,337 445 99 00 124 00 4 80 5 40 3,016 100
1947 10.382 8,115 2,267 424 92 00 117 00 4 50 5 10 2,808 1031946 10,295 8,106 2,189 399 86 00 108 00 4 20 4 80 2,544 108
1945 10,000 7,881 2.119 366 79 00 101 00 3 85 4 35 2,299 1121944.. 10,219 7,988 2,231 828 71 00 91 00 3 50 3 95 2,202 1201943. _ 10,446 8,010 2,436 274 59 00 77 00 2 90 3 30 2,027 1211942. 10,504 7,949 2,555 208 45 50 59 00 2 20 2 55 1,631 1221941 10,669 8,017 2,652 160 34 50 44 50 1 65 1 95 1,249 117
1940-.. 10,979 8,300 2,679 131 27 50 37 50 1 30 1 60 1.029 119
1939... 11,338 8,611 2,727 129 27 00 36 00 1 25 1 55 988 121
1938 11,622 8,815 2,807 129 27 00 36 00 1 80 1 55 979 120
1937 11,978 9,054 2,924 133 27 50 36 50 1 35 1 65 988 129
1936 12,331 9,350 2,981 118 24 00 32 50 1 20 1 45 868 119
1935 12,733 9,855 2,878 110 22 00 30 60 1 10 1 36 775 123
1934. 12,627 9,765 2,862 100 20 00 28 00 1 00 1 26 679 1181933. 12,739 9,874 2,865 89 18 00 25 50 90 1 15 617 1321932 12,816 9,922 2,894 100 20 50 29 00 95 1 20 669 1321931. 12,745 9,642 3,103 133 28 50 38 00 1 30 1 65 914 137
1930 12,497 9,307 3,190 175 37 50 48 00 1 80 2 16 1,177 1341929 12,763 9,360 3,403 187 40 00 51 00 2 00 2 30 1,300 1351928 12,691 9,340 3.351 185 39 60 50 00 2 00 2 30 1,290 1361927 12,642 9,278 3,364 185 39 50 50 00 2 00 2 35 1,302 134
1926 12,976 9,526 3,450 185 39 50 50 00 2 00 2 40 1.330 139
1925. 13,036 9,715 3,321 183 88 60 49 00 2 00 2 35 1,267 1391924 13,031 9,705 3,326 181 38 00 49 00 1 95 2 40 1,248 136
1923 13,162 9,798 3,364 177 37 60 47 50 1 95 2 35 1,251 135
1922 _ .- 18,337 9,936 8,401 154 33 00 43 50 1 66 2 00 1,127 134
1921 _ 13,398 10,001 3,397 156 33 60 44 50 1 65 2 05 1,170 129
1920 13,432 10,041 3,391 241 51 00 65 00 2 80 3 30 1,790 140
1919 13,243 9,968 3,275 206 43 00 56 00 2 40 2 90 1,515 138
1918-.- 13,391 10,053 3,338 177 87 60 48 50 2 06 2 45 1,337 141
1917_ - 13,568 10,121 3,447 141 31 00 40 60 1 55 1 90 1,127 1891916 13,632 10,144 3,488 112 25 00 33 00 1 25 1 50 904 135
1915 13,592 10,140 3,452 102 22 50 30 00 1 10 1 40 816 136
1914 _ 13,580 10,147 3,433 102 22 50 29 60 1 10 1 35 804 139
1913 _ 13,572 10,158 3,414 104 22 50 30 00 1 16 1 40 804 134
1912 13,559 10,162 8,397 102 22 00 29 50 1 10 1 40 789 186
1911 13,539 10,169 3,370 98 21 60 28 00 1 05 1 35 758 134
1910 13.555 10,174 3,381 96 21 00 28 00 1 06 1 35 766 132
See footnotes at end of table.
280
FARM WAGES AND MAN-HOURS USED—CROPS K 73-103
Series K 73-82. Farm Employment, Wages, and Man-Hours Used for Farmwork: 1866 to 1957—Con.
Year
Wage rates
Index,composite
farmwage rates(1910-14-100)
70
Per month *
Withboard
77
Withoutboard
78
Per day '
Withboard
79
Withoutboard
Year
Wage rates
Index,composite
farmwage rates(1910-14= 100)
76
Per month 1
Withboard
77
Withoutboard
78
Per day •
Withboard
79
Withoutboard
19091906
190218991898. _
1895189418931891 or 18921889 or 1890
969175
6060676767
Dollart
22 0018.5015.5014.0013.50
12.5012.5014.0013.5013.50
Dollart
28.0026.0022.0020.0019.00
18.6018.5020.0020.0019.50
Dollars
1.001.05.85.76.70
.6165.70.75.70
Dollart
1.261.301.101.00.95
.86
.85
.901.00.95
1887 or 1888.1884 or 1886.1881 or 1882.
1880 or 1881.1879 or 1880.1877 '
1874 or 1875.18691866 •
676464
625856
585454
Dollart
13.5018.0013.00
12.5011.5011.00
11.0010.0010.00
Dollart
19.5019.0019.00
18.5017.5017.00
17.0016.6015.50
Dollart
0.70.70.70
6565
.60
.706565
Dollars
1 00.95.98
.9090
.86
.96
.8590
' These annual averages are simple averages of laat-of-month employment estimates.1 Includes farm operators and members of their fsmilies doing farmwork with
out wages.* Annual averages are weighted averages of wage rates as reported quarterly by
crop reporters. Different wage rate categories used after 1948. See text.
4 Cash wages and value of perquisites.' 1877 or 1878, 1878 or 1879 (combined).« Years 1866 to 1878 in gold.
Series K 83-97. Man-Hours Used to Produce Specified Amounts of Wheat, Corn, and Cotton : 1800 to 1950
SeriesCrop and item 1950 1940 1920 1900 1880 1840 1800
SeriesCrop and item 1950 1940 1920 1900 1880 1840 1800
No.
WHEAT
No.
CORN—Con.
83 Man-houra per acre . 4.6 7.6 12.0 16 208
85 56 91 Yield per acre 1 bu 39.0 30 383
28.4 25.9 25.6 26 2534484 2 6 3.7 6.5 7 12 16 92 Man-hours per 100 bushels 39 113 147 180 276
85 Harvest- 2.0 3.8 6.5 8 12 23 4086 Yield per acre' bu_. 16.6 15.9 18.8 13.9 18.2 15 15 COTTON87 Man-hours per 100 bushels 28 47 87 108 152 233 373
93 Man-hours per acre 74 98 90 112 119 135 185CORN 94 Before harvest 33 46 55 62 67 90 136
95 Harvest 41 62 86 50 52 45 5088 Man-hours per acre 15.2 26 82 88 48 69 86 96 Yield of lint per acre '-lb- 283 245 160 191 179 147 14789 Before harvest 9.9 16 19 22 28 44 56 97 Man-hours per bale * 126 191 269 280 318 439 60190 Harvest 5.3 10 18 16 18 25 80
1 Yield* for 1800 and 1840 are estimates by the authors. Yields for the other years 3 For statistical purposes, the bale of cotton is 500 pounds gross weight or 480 poundsare 5-year averages of published data, centered on year shown. net weight of lint. Prior to Aug. 1, 1946, the net weight was estimated at 478 pounds.
Running bales reported prior to 1899 have been converted to bales of 478 pounds netweight. Actual bale weights vary considerably.
Series K 98-103. Acreages of Harvested Crops, by Use, and Indexes of Cropland Used for Crops and Crop Production
Per Acre: 1910 to 1957
1957 (preL)1956 (preL)
19661954
196819621961
19501949194819471946
1946-1944194819421941
19401989198819871986
19851984
of harvested crops, by i(1,000,000 acres)
Total
326
340346348349
345360356354351
854361356346342
339330349347323
846
products
5060
4737313659
5045524245
4225211312
823222918
2020
Feed forhorses
and mules
100
8
9
1011131518
1922242629
32363739
40
4345485254
5657
Productsfor
101
268
257
283298304298267
878293280286277
280300298294290
288262279266261
269227
Index(1947-49-100)
Croplandusedfor
crops
9597
99100100100101
1001021009897
98100999897
979698100
99
10099
Crop production
peracre
112109
106101103103
98
9799106
96101
95969199
8885858865
78
193319321931
19301929192819271926
19251924192319221921
19201919191819171916
19151914191319121911
1910
Acreages of harvested crops, by use(1,000,000 acres)
Total
340371365
869365361358359
880355354355359
880364362349340
840334333329330
326
283536
8944494954
53475066
6056624453
4957434240
Feed for
100
596062
6567707376
7881848687
9091929292
9892929190
Productsfor
domestic
101
253276267
266254242236229
238221223219206
210217208213195
198185198196200
200
Index(1947-49=100)
Croplandusedfor
crops
102
100101
101
101100999898
9896969697
9799989492
9290908989
87
281
K 104-121 AGRICULTURE
Series K 104-115. Index of Supply and Utilization of Farm Food Commodities: 1924 to 1957
[Percent of total utilization in each year. Covers farm commodities normally used for food in the United States, including their nonfood use]
Supply
Imports Net
Va-. Pro and change in Totali earduction lnship- available
ments stocks
104 105 106 107
1967 (prel.) 94 9 6.6 -1 4 100.0
1956... 94 7 6.4 -1 1 100.0
1965.. 96 7 6.5 -2 2 100.0
1954 96 3 6.4 -2 7 100.0
1953 95 5 7.3 -2 8 100.0
1952 94 8 7.0 -1 8 100.0
1951 90 0 6.9 3 1 100.0
1950 94 6 7.0 -1 6 100.0
1949 94 9 6.8 -1 7 100.0
1948 100 4 6.8 -7 2 100.0
1947 91 6 6.0 2 4 100.0
1946 95 1 6.7 -0 8 100.0
1946... 92 8 6.8 1 4 100.0
1944.. 93 0 6.9 0 1 100.0
1943 90 4 5.7 3 9 100.0
1942 96 8 4.6 -1 4 100.0
1941 95 2 7.8 -3 0 100.0
1940. 96 3 7.2 -2 5 100.0
1939... 93 2 7.4 -0 6 100.0
1938. 95 5 7.2 -2 7 100.0
1937. 98 8 9.1 -7 9 100.0
1986 85 7 8.4 5 9 100.0
1936 96 2 9.0 -6 2 100.0
1934 87 5 6.6 5 9 100.0
1933 90 1 6.5 3 4 100.0
1932 96 1 6.0 -2 1 100.0
1931 96 0 6.8 -2 8 100.0
1930... 92 3 7.3 0 4 100.0
1929 91 4 8.0 0 6 100.0
1928 94 3 7.2 -1 5 100.0
1927 92 8 7.2 (•) 100.0
1926 93 3 7.5 -0 8 100.0
1926. 91 9 6.9 1 2 100.01924 93 4 6.6 (■) 100.0
Utilization
Domestic use
Total
91.792.1
93.594.695.194.593.7
95.495.796.094.195.0
95.995.094.395.197.1
98.397.596.798.398.7
98.698.398.297.797.2
96.996.296.195.496.0
95.994.5
Food
Civilian Military 1
66.266.0
66.967.366.665.462.8
65.264.665.764.163.7
67.655.754.559.864.9
67.566.666.169.467.6
69.468.965.164.365.6
65.464.1
63.063.064.3
62.663.5
110
1.21.3
1.41.61.92.12.7
1.42.82.92.42.2
8.59.06.14.11.3
Nonfood1
24.824.8
25.225.726.627.028.2
28.828.327.427.629.1
29.830.883.781.730.9
80.830.930.628.931.1
29.229.433.133.431.6
3132333231
3331
Commercialexportsand
shipments
to U.S.Territories •
112
7.67.1
6.76.04.46.24.6
3.22.62.48.31.9
1.10.80.60.81.3
1.72.63.31.71.8
1.41.71.82.12.6
8.18.83.94.64.0
4.15.5
USDA export program
Stockchange 1
US
m(•)
8
-0.1-0.2-0.20.4
-0.6
-0.7-0.10.4
110.3
Deliveries 1
0.70.8
0.8
S:J0.8
1.7
1.51.91.8
27
737
3.01.3
•0.2•0.2
Net
1 Includes farm and commercial stocks and holdings under price supportsupply programs. Minus sign means an addition to stocks.
' Includes civilian feeding in areas occupied by our Armed Forci• Includes seed, feed, industrial alcohol, alcoholic beverages, etc.
* Excludes deliveries by the Department of Agriculture.
and domestic 1 Stocks held for export. Minus sign means• Shipments out of this country.
7 Represents net quantities withdrawn from• Leas than 0.05 percent.• Federal Farm Board exporta.
a withdrawal from stocks.
Series K 116-121. Farm Taxes and Insurance: 1890 to 1957
Taxes levied on farm property Farmers' mutual
Real estateAutomotive
fire insurance
Personal taxes In force Cost perYear
Total
Amountperacre
property paid byfarmers
at endof year
$100 of
1 16 117 118 119 120 121
Million Million Million Milliondollars Dollar* dollars dollars dollars Cents
1 1.044 '0.97 '233 489 '30,427 25.8 1936977 .91 226 455 29,297 23.5 1984
928 .87 220 478 28,228 23.41988
870 .82 216 451 28.295 24.2 1981840 .79 228 482 26,898 21.6
805 .76 233 409 27,716 22.0 1980778 .72 214 369 25,494 22.1 1929
1928.741 69 178 339 24,161 23.0 1927706 .66 167 330 22,488 22.3 1926...656 .62 150 311 20,769 25.1
605 .67 128 287 19,264 24.8 1925.519 .49 99 261 16,941 24.6 1924
1928465 .44 92 248 16,170 28.6 1922419 .40 80 224 14,221
18,778
23.7 1921400 .38 77 219 23.9
400 .88 67 282 12,982 22.7 1920407 .89 56 200 12,519 24.6 1919
1918..401 89 60 183 12,294 25.2 1917407 .39 49 170 12,144 26.6 1916400 .88 48 167 11,869 26.0
405 39 47 168 11,669 24.1394 .38 46 151 11,840 28.1
Taxes levied on farm property
Real estate
Total
116
Milliondollars
392884398461526
567567656545526
517511516509510
483393811292260
Amountper
117
Dollars
0.87.8739.45.53
.57
.6858.57.56
.66
.66
.555454
51.41.88.31.28
Personalproperty
118
Milliondollars
424(13949
n
HI
B4807573
7272
Automotivetaxeslid by
119
Milliondollars
142132132128123
12711910294H
7255
Farmers' mutualfire insurance
In forceat endof year
120
Milliondollars
11,08810.57210,46610,97411,292
11,38211,11910,78110,3459,989
9.4779,4879,0588,7708,410
7,8666,9886,3925,8775,636
Cost per$100 of
121
Cents23.226.928.582.031.0
31 628.427.125.826 8
27.826.926.426.727.2
26.825.126 124 626.6
1 Preliminary.
282
FARM TAXES AND INSURANCE—CASH RECEIPTS AND INCOME K 116-138
Series K 116-121. Farm Taxes and Insurance: 1890 to 1957—Con.
Taxes levied onfarm real estate
Farmers' mutualfire insurance
Taxes levied onfarm real estate
Taxes levied onfarm real estate
YearTotal
Amountperacre
In forceat endof year
Cost per$100 of
insurance
YearTotal
Amountperacre
YearTotal
Amountperacre
116 117 120 121 116 117 116 117
Milliondollars Dollars
Milliondollars Cents
MiUiondollars DoUars
Milliondollars Dollars
1915 243222218191183
0.26.24.24.21.21
5,3675,264
23.626.4
1906 130125123113111
0.15.15.15.14IS
1895 9893928784
0.14131914 1904 1894.
1913 1903 1893 .13181912 1902 1892.
1911 1901 1891 .18
1910 166163150141132
.19
.19
.17
.16
.16
1900. 10610510210197
13.13.18.13.13
1890 82 .13
1909. 1899
1908. 1898.
1907 1897
1906 1896
Series K 122-138. Farm Cash Receipts and Income, and Indexes of Prices Received and Paid by Farmers, and
Parity Ratio: 1910 to 1957
Cash receiptsfrom farming(11.000,000)
Farm income 1(31,000.000)
Indexes of prices received and paid by farmers,(1910-14-100)
Totalfarm-production
expenses
RealizedNet income topersonson farms
Prices received byfarmers 1
Prices paid byfarmers
Payableper acre
Pricespaid,
includinginterest,taxes,andwagerates
Parityratio'
YearTotal' Crops
Livestock
Realizedgrossfarm
netincome
offarmoperators ■
Allfarmproducts
Livestockandproducts
Production
Interestpayable
TaxesWagerates
income 1 fromfarming 4
Crops Living Payable
122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 13S 136 137 138
1957 30,840 12,461 17,363 34,389 23,371 11,018 18,556 235 225 244 282 267 163 440 558 286 82
1966 31,117 14,252 16,312 34,626 22,694 12,082 18,358 230 235 226 274 250 160 421 536 278 83
1955 29,785 13,676 15,880 33,332 21,862 11,470 13,606 232 281 234 270 251 136 394 516 276 84
1954 30,210 13,669 16,284 33,865 21,664 12,201 14,447 246 242 249 270 255 126 381 610 277 89
1953 31,339 14,193 16,933 35,265 21,366 13,899 15,111 255 240 268 269 256 117 365 513 277 92
1952 32,906 14,380 18,252 37,016 22,600 14,416 17,262 288 267 306 271 274 108 350 503 287 100
1951 33.244 13,324 19,634 37,823 22,165 15,158 18.143 802 265 336 268 273 98 335 470 282 107
1950 28.795 12,410 16,102 32,482 19,297 13,186 15,696 268 233 280 246 246 89 320 425 256 101
1949 28,014 12,422 15,406 31,821 18,032 13,789 14,711 260 224 272 243 238 82 298 430 251 100
1948 30.484 13,098 17.129 34,914 18,857 16,057 19,810 287 255 315 251 250 78 276 442 260 110
1947 29,934 13,093 16,627 34,352 17,048 17,304 17,471 276 263 288 237 224 76 237 419 240 116
1946. 25,574 11,016 13.786 29,706 14,483 15,223 17,060 236 228 242 202 191 74 213 387 208 113
19451944
22,405 9,665 12,008 25,772 12,922 12.850 14,021 207 202 211 182 176 75 192 359 190 10921,312 9,186 11,351 24,412 12,195 12,217 13,352 197 199 196 175 173 79 185 318 182 108
1943 20,265 8,127 11,493 23,362 11,487 11,875 13,248 193 187 198 166 164 84 186 262 171 118
1942 16,215 6,526 9,039 18,767 9,942 8,825 11.074 169 145 171 149 148 94 189 197 152 105
1941 11,665 4,619 6,492 13,828 7,675 6,153 7,465 124 108 138 130 130 98 187 151 133 93
1940 9,105 3.469 4,918 11,038 6,749 4,289 5,299 100 90 109 121 123 102 189 129 124 81
1939 8,635 3,336 4,536 10,556 6,162 4,394 6,189 95 82 107 120 121 106 185 127 123 77
1938 8,169 3.200 4,523 10,101 5,828 4,273 5,101 97 80 112 122 122 110 187 130 124 78
1937 9,200 3,924 4,940 11,329 6,097 5.232 6,764 122 118 126 128 132 117 181 129 131 93
1936 8,669 3.649 4,742 10,712 5,674 6,138 4,954 114 108 119 124 122 125 180 114 124 92
1935 7,693 2.977 4,143 9,666 6,061 4.605 5,858 109 103 114 124 122 135 178 107 124 88
1934 6,803 3,021 3,336 8,541 4,670 8.871 3,428 90 98 81 122 114 147 188 99 120 75
1933 6,463 2,486 2,846 7,081 4,314 2,767 3,012 70 71 70 108 99 164 220 88 109 64
1932 4,748 1,996 2,752 6,371 4,443 1,928 2,610 65 67 72 106 99 186 264 104 112 58
1931 6,381 2,540 8,841 8,385 5,499 2,886 3,981 87 75 98 124 118 197 277 139 130 67
1930 9,055 3,868 5,187 11.432 6,909 4,523 6,060 125 115 134 144 135 206 281 177 151 831929 11,312 5,130 6,182 13,895 7,631 6,264 7,024 148 135 159 154 146 213 279 186 160 92
1928 10,991 4,966 6,035 13,553 7,727 5,826 6,844 148 142 155 156 148 219 277 184 162 91
1927 10,733 5,125 5,608 13,295 7,441 6,864 6,669 140 134 146 156 141 223 271 184 159 88
1926 10,658 4,875 5,683 13,256 7,356 5,900 6,810 145 139 161 158 141 228 270 183 160 91
1926 11,021 6,645 5,476 13,667 7,334 6,333 7,576 156 164 149 161 145 236 265 181 164 95
1924 10,225 5,413 4,812 12,736 7,436 6,300 5,681 143 159 128 156 140 250 266 182 160 89
1928 9,646 4,866 4,680 12,119 7,046 5,073 5,895 142 156 128 156 138 261 261 172 159 89
1922 8,575 4,800 4,275 11,009 6,608 4,401 5,081 131 136 126 163 127 260 259 154 161 87
1921 8.058 4,106 3,952 10,521 6,634 3,887 4,138 124 121 127 164 128 248 244 156 156 80
1920 12,600 6,644 6,966 16,907 8,837 7,070 9,009 211 235 190 228 195 216 200 241 214 991919 14,638 7,603 6,935 17,825 8,331 9,494 10,061 217 230 206 202 195 180 160 206 197 110
1918 13,467 6,974 6,493 16,447 7,507 8,940 9,736 206 220 194 170 180 159 151 177 173 119
1917 10,736 5,642 5,094 13,310 6,092 7,218 9,001 178 191 166 143 156 146 186 141 148 1201916 7,746 4,036 3,711 9,643 4,836 4,807 5,103 119 120 117 115 116 182 128 112 116 103
1916 6,892 8,263 3,129 8,060 4,167 3,898 4,797 99 96 102 104 104 122 118 101 106 941914 6,036 2,899 3,137 7,718 4,029 3,689 4,677 101 96 107 102 102 116 117 101 103 98
1913 6,238 8,077 3,161 7,919 8,973 3,946 4,263 102 98 105 100 101 109 103 104 101 1011912 6,008 3,095 2,913 7,663 3,833 3,830 4,976 99 100 98 100 102 101 99 101 101 981911 6,684 2.905 2,679 7,183 8,581 3,602 3,888 94 101 88 99 98 91 91 98 98 96
1910 . .. 6,780 2,929 2,851 7.477 8,581 3,946 4,708 104 105 102 99 97 83 90 96 97 107
1 Includes Government payments from 1938 to 1957. ' Base, 1910-1949: August 1909-July 1914-100; thereafter, January 1910-Decem-' Includes cash receipts from farm marketings. Government payments 1933 to date, ber 1914.
value of home consumption, and rental value of farm dwellings. • Ratio of prices received by farmers (series K 129) to prices paid, including interest,
1 Realized gross farm income minus total farm-production expenses. taxes, and wage rates (series K 187).4 Realized net income of farm operators plus value of inventory change plus wages
paid to farm laborers living on farms.
283
K 139-158 AGRICULTURE
Series K 139-149. Value of Farm Gross Output and Product, in Current and Constant Dollars: 1800 to 1900
[In millions of dollars]
Gross output Farm gross product, including
Sales anc
1
home consurarm products
nption of
Crops
Livestockinventorychanges
Gross rentfrom farmdwellings
Farmgross
Intermediateproductsconsumed
Farmgross
Improvements tofarms
Value ofhome manufactures
Year Total
Total Livestock
productTotal
product
CURRENT
139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 145 148 149
DOLLARS
1900.. _ 4,298 3,912 2,047 1,865 79 307 8,799 499 3,857 3,799 55 3
1890. 3,897 3,106 1,515 1,591 44 247 3,036 362 8,107 8,036 67 5
1880 3,268 3,021 1,498 1,523 39 203 2,967 296 3,045 2,967 68 10
1870 2,774 2,553 1,393 1,160 62 169 2,542 232 2.631 2,542 67 22
1860 1,579 1,469 700 769 21 89 1,484 96 1,556 1,484 47 25
1850 904 837 414 423 10 57 851 58 914 851 34 29
1840 757 699 431 268 14 44 720 87 769 720 22 27
1880 466 427 251 176 15 24 446 21 491 445 17 29
1820 _. 838 308 178 130 10 20 323 15 364 323 12 29
1810 __ 336 811 186 125 9 16 324 12 363 324 9 30
1800 236 220 127 93 6 10 230 6 255 230 7 18
CONSTANT
(1910-14)DOLLARS
1900 6,409 6,903 3,100 2,803 109 397 5,740 669 5,837 5,740 94 11890 4,990 4,604 2,612 1,992 70 316 4,527 463 4,638 4,527 106 61880 4,129 3,784 2,006 1,778 68 277 3,770 359 3,906 8,770 128 a1870 2,694 2,436 1,436 1,000 74 184 2,479 215 2,597 2,479 106 121860... __ 2,186 1,986 1,088 897 60 141 2,059 127 2,156 2,059 76 21
1860 1,521 1,379 826 563 42 100 1,442 79 1,536 1,442 69 25
1840 1,212 1,103 651 452 33 76 1,156 56 1,222 1,156 47 19
1880 854 764 462 802 84 56 819 35 879 819 44 16
1820 619 565 345 210 22 42 595 24 642 595 33 14
1810 463 415 260 155 16 32 448 15 485 448 26 11
1800 343 307 194 113 13 28 333 10 362 333 21 8
Series K 150-158. Farm Machinery and Equipment: 1850 to 1957
Year
Motor vehicles and specified machines on farms (1,000)
Tractors 1
150
Motortrucks
151
Automobiles
152
Graincombines
153
Corn-pickers
154
Farms withmilking
Pickupbalers
156
Fieldforage
Valueof
farmimplements
andmachinery
! ($1,000,000)
1967 (prel.)1956
19551954195319521961
1950..194919481947.1946..
19461944
194819421941
19401939193819371986.
19861934193819321981
1 Excludes steam or garden type.
4,6004,515
4,3454,2434,1003,9073,678
3,3943,1232,8212,6132,480
2,3542,1602,0551,8601,666
1,5451,4451,3701,2301,126
1,0481,0161,0191,022997
2.9002,800
2,7012,6102,5202,4102,310
2,2072,0651,9001,7001,550
1,4901,3851,2801,1601,095
1,0471,0201,042990923
890875865910920
4,2604,260
4,2584,2504.2404,2304,220
4,1994,2904,2254,3504,260
4,1484.1854,3504,6704,330
4,1444,0304,1093,9623,736
3,6423,3993,3993,7984,077
1,0201,000
980965930887
810
714620535465420
375345320275225
190
725705
688660630588522
456372299236203
1S8146138130120
110
720
716
712705690675655
686610575525440
365300275255210
176
550505
44839534529*240
196135906554
42343125
240
225
202175148124102
8160453025
20
284
FARM MACHINERY—FERTILIZER AND LIME K 150-161
Series K 150-158. Farm Machinery and Equipment: 1850 to 1957—Con.
Motor vehicles and specified machines on farms (1,000)of
farmimplements
Value
YearTractors 1
Motortrucks
Automobiles
Graincombines
Corn-pickers
Farina withmilkingmachines
andmachinery($1,000,000)
150 151 152 153 154 155 158
1930 _ 920827782693621
900840
4,1358,9703,8203,8203.605
61 50 100 3,3023,1783,0883.1263,042
1929 _1928__ _._ 753
662559
19271926
1925 _ 549496428372343
459363316268207
3,2833,0042,6182,4252,382
2,9552,9852,8322,9003,551
1924 _19231922 _1921 _
1920... _ 246 139111896040
2,1461,7601,602966687
4 10 55 8.5953.3452,9652,3382,046
1919... 158855137
1918..1917
1916 _.
1915 25171484
25161062
472343258176100
1,8491,7191,6301,5221.401
1914191319121911 _ _
1910 1 50 1 12 1,265750494406271
1900 _189018801870
1860... 246152
1 Excludes steam or garden type.
Series K 159-161. Expenditures for, and Consumption of, Fertilizer and Lime: 1850 to 1957
Farmers'expenditures forfertilizerand lime
Commercialfertilizer
Limeconsumedon farms
Farmers'expenditures forfertilizerand lime
Commercialfertilizerconsumedin U. S. '
Limeconsumedon farms
Farmers'expenditures forfertilizerand lime
Commercialfertilizerconsumedin U. S. 1
Limeconsumedon farms
Commercialfertilizerconsumedin U. S. 1
Yearconsumedin U. S. 1
Year Year Year
159 160 161 169 160 161 159 160 161 160
Uillondollar*
1,2581,247
1,000short tons'22,709'22,300
1,000short tons•23,000
22,021
Milliondollars
268279261
1,000short tons
7,4718,1396,966
1 ,000short tons
7.8597,1996.566
Milliondollars
390368311232193
1,000short tons
7,1766,7516,6806,0876,214
1,000short tons
2,6532,4762,3062,1361,966
1,000short tons
3,0843,044
1957 1938 1920 19021956 1937 1919 1901
1986 19181955 1,266
1,2741,2461,2291,086
22,21722,52622,24722,44820,610
20,66918,91920,66926,56227,683
1917 1900 2,7802,6032,3832,1311,888
1954 1935 188176120118
6,2755,5474,8724,3366,306
3,6062,7481,6481,8112,611
1916 1899195S 1934 1898
ss1983 1915 165
195175161168
5,4187,1946,4165,8526,108
1,7961,6261,4561,2861,116
1897
1932 1914 1896
1981 202 19131960 978
895826765683
19,31617,60117,22817,05716,879
29,84227,90225,68630,28329,462
1912 1896 1,5781,7731,7151,5041,584
1949 1930 297300318267298
8,1717,9827,9896,8447,326
3,5883,9073,8063,7983,330
1911 18941948 1929 18931947 1928 1910 162
1206,5474,8214,4494,3074,249
946 18921945 1927 1909 776 1891
1926 1908
1*45 657576505417334
13,81313,04611,61610,1259,296
23,05524,56818,93519,83815,916
1907 1890 1.390768321164
1944 1925 299264263234249
7,3296,8336,4365,6804,864
3,3598,2173,0762,9362,794
1906 18801948 1924 18701942 1923 1906 3,913
3,7043,382
18601941 1922 1904
1921 1903 1850 531940 806
278
8,3367,728
14,4069,0661939
1 Prior to 1920, includes consumption in Puerto Rico, Hawaii, and Alaska; see text. * Preliminary.
1 Preliminary, for year ending June 80, 1967.
285
K 162-172 AGRICULTURE
thereafter
Series K 162-172. Farm-Mortgage Debt, Loans, and Interest: 1910 to 1957
tion) are those made by Land Bank Commissioner. Land Bank Commissioner loans fiJoint-stock land banks have been in liquidation since May 12, 19S3; includes banks in
[Loans held by FFMC (Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation) are those made by Land Bank■ son behalf of FFMC. Joinf
! in 1933; in 1934 and
Year
1967.
1965.
1952
1961.
1950.1949.1948.1947.1946.
1945.
1943.1942.1941.
1940. .1939. .1938. .1937. .
11.000
9.907,6289,066,153
8,288,8377,772,2047,263,2006,676,6196,118,359
5,679,2785,288,3315,064,2464,896,9704,760,464
4,940,9155,395,6716,956,4586,376.0806,498,527
6,586,3996,779,3186,964,8847,153,9637.422,701
7,584,4597,685,2038,466,4189,093,9839,398,088
9,630,7689,756,6699,756,9579,668,4229,718,213
9,912,65010,664,91910,785,62110,702,25710,221,126
8,448,7727.137,3656,536,8605.825,8515,256,425
4,990,7854.707,3584.347,6793,929,7588,622,121
1910 1 8.207,863
1932.1931.
1930.1929.192K
1927.1926.
1925.1924.1923.1922-1921.
1920.1919.1918.1917.1916.
1916.1914.1913-1912.1911.
Debt as of Jan. 1
Totaldebtout
standing
162
Federallandbanksand
FFMC '
163
SI ,000
1,722,3811.480,204
1.279,7871,187,0461,095,2671,026,906991,439
964,727946,076995,999
1,123,3691,318,317
1,566.9831.882,6372,262,1352,515,6692,642.333
2,723,1102.862.8552,950.7612.989.0192,907,649
2,564,1791,328,6631.147,0141.180,9921,197,063
1,201,7821,182,8181,144,9841,068,642998,552
923.077797,785639,486432,523349,679
293 . 596156,21489.112
Lifeinsurancecom
panies 1
164
11,000
2,476,5432.271,784
2,051,7841.892,7731,716,0221,541,8741,852,635
1,172,3261,036.383959,715888.665
938,275986,661
1,042,9391,063,1661,016,479
984,290982,939988,557
1,015,6151,112,289
1,301,5621,697,7871,898,3182,036,6142,087,047
2,118,4392,138,9802,172,8632,123,6642,030,301
1,942,6241,792,1461,556,2031,432,3671.205,778
974,8261,018,163955,591861 , 144765,671
669,984597,462550,158479,663423,464
Commercial andsavingsbanks *
16S
11.000
1.386,2701,346,287
1,210,6761,131.2141,105,0961,046.9231,008,359
987 , 144900,843840,647683,229507,298
449,582448,433476,676535,212643,408
534.170519,276601.450487,634487,505
498,842710,863889,083940,135946,876
997,4681,046,6241.097,0851,143,5951,178,460
1,200,4561,388,1061,506,4671,640,0051,447.483
1,204,3831,030,2401,008,492933,990776,269
746,111723,787678,752580,300477,568
886,961 406,248
Joint-stockland
banks 1
166
tl ,000
270462645
1,6413,208
5,45610.09787.01555,91973.455
91,726114,992133,564162,786200,617
277,020412,346474,964
652,180605,858
637,789666,516669,798632,476545,659
446,429392,639218,77685,01777.959
60,0388,3841,888
Individuals andothers
167
tl ,000
4,322,4293,967,878
3,746.5908,561,1713.346,8253,069,9162,765,926
2,504.8112,404,5672,267,2392,200,0662,040,378
1,990,6202,067,8432,137,6932,206,1142,217,852
2,263,1032,299,2562,380,6622,499.0092,714,641
2,942.8663.635,6444,057,0494,384,0624,661,244
4,675,8404,731,6264,672,2274,690,0464,960,341
5,400,0646,294,2446,864,6907,212,3457,140,227
6,915,9304,924.3644,531,7774.030,7178,714,585
3,574,6903,386,1098,123,7692,869,8052.621,099
2,414,654
Loans closed
By FederallandbanksandFFMC
168
t1.000
403,635520.860
482,704301,979286,146251,633211,435
203.154180,643148.591147,627143,183
120.581103,88791.30981,841102,034
100,31778,69180,389102 . 638186.489
443,4791.283,182222,39727,51641,814
47 , 14663,004100,615138,424128,978
124,809162,476190,271224,301
91,030
66,985144,987118,13039,112
By joint-stocklandbanks
169
tl .000
14
(')268
49
123363176867337
275216739
2,1815,407
5,23618,18640.57283,719123,026
131,43174,587189.748138,6869,336
19,32453,0306,6001,890
Interest payable
Rates '
recorded
170
Percent
•5.2
m
'4.9(•)•5 0
(•)
'4.7
(•)•4.7
(•)
'4.6
(')
•4.7
(')•4.8
(•)•4.9
5.45.35.86.46.4
6.36.36.36.77.0
6.46.46.36.26 3
6.46.46.46.46.4
6.4
Loansoutstanding, Jan. 1.
171
Totalcharges *
172
tl.
4 7 486,663445,7064 7
4 7 404,5824 6 373,0574 6 346.6434 6 319,2074 5 291.838
4 5 263,9064 5 243.1614 6 232,4774 6 224.9254 6 218,807
4 5 221,2434 4 230,3674 4 246,1194 4 272,0894 5 284.451
4 6 293,1474 6 306,4494 7 320,0944 9 340.7305 1 364,474
5 6 396,0926 8 430.4206 0 472,283
6 0 525,7606 0 653.008
r. 0 669,7566 0 581,9996 1 589,5306 1 593,0066 2 598,244
6 3 611,6126 3 646,8386 4 679.2206 1 679.904C 2 652,656
6 1 674,0906 1 476,3126 1 417.0326 1 378,309
2 340.532
1 1 314.2656 1 296,2366 1 276.2946 1 251,745I (i 225,351
1 0 203 , 188
1 Beginning 1930, includes purchase-money mortgages and sales contracts in addition to regular mortgages.
1 Beginning July 1, 1955, includes soil and water conservation loans insured by theFarmers, Home Administration.
* Average contract rates, except for temporarily reduced rates on outstanding loansof Federal land banks, 1934-44, and Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation, 1938-45.
4 Payable during calendar year on outstanding loans. Excludes amounts paid by
Secretary of the Treasury to Federal land banks, 1933-44, and Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation, 1937-45, as reimbursement for interest reductions granted borrowers.
* Average of rates on mortgages recorded during month of March except beginning1955 when average rates on recordings during first quarter are used.
* Not available.
1 Less than $500.
286
AGRICULTURAL LOANS K 173-180
K 173-180. Non-Real-Estate Agricultural Loans, and Indexes of Deposits of Country Banks:
1910 to 1957
Year
Alloperatingbanks 1 »
178
FarmersHome
174
Agencies supervised byFarm Credit Administration 1
Productioncredit
association
17S
Federalintermediatecredit banks'!
176
Banks forcooperatives
177
Indexes of deposits of country banks '(1947-49-100)
Totaldeposits
178
Demanddeposits
179
Timedeposits
180
19571956
1956.1964195319521951.
1960.1949194819471946.
194S.1944194319421941
194019391938
tl.000
4,101,9214,477,049
4,669.7034,489,9653,920,6213,409,8782,906,115
3,052,8492,861,1741,660,9301,833,0481,177,042
1,877,4051,828,4801,490,9081,497,2051,826,120
1,184,5781,109,489821,936620,920743,781
840,887918,204
tl ,000
430,687405,684
417,201375.638887,712304,066329,855
846,671342 , 198370.668400,165413.234
462,694619,799526,802485,702469,997
418,000351,180305,688821,644278,764
203,925235,478
tl.000
699,283644,449
676,997641,786699,295661,871450,678
387,464866,822289,077230,025194,788
188,306196,637182,658185,611170,686
153,425146,825136,918104,48198,400
60,459
27
tl ,000
60,00761,907
68,27668,66782,93177,84162,073
60,82656.75087,91681,70126,487
29,79233 , 88237,86437.38282,871
82,31682,61139,97440,60846,618
55,08360,381
t1,000
460,994868,040
369,636370,042416,879421,618343,969
300,886303,997278,285177,961157,100
212,472235,068144,364112,69274,405
75,84387 , 19387,50469,53449,962
27,83118,697
127124
121119115111105
10299
101100
96
8063493529
2624
232322
•19
17
121121
US117115112107
10299101100
8266513325
tl19181917
•14
12
190
its
its14613211810S
1041021019890
TS59504747
45434242
3735
AUoperatingbanks 1 1
FarmersFederal
intermediatecredit banks1
Indexes of deposits of country banks *(1947-49=100)
Year
HomeAdministration 1 • Total
depositsDemanddeposits
Timedeposits
178 174 176 178 179 180
tl.000 tl.000 tl.000
1988 1,272,2111,649,8662,109,060
114,72649,769•8,946
79,66871,96062,462
'141823
'91116
'884161
19821981
1980 2,490,7422,696,4912,662,1342,668,1462,699,100
•7,978•2,246■2,292•2,101•2,207
47,28843,88442,33438,97626,974
2628282728
1719201920
6760606758
192919281927
1926 2,674,2372,948,8188,088,4668,281,0828,869,891
•2,618•2,859•8,818•8,104
18,7609,105
2827
•27
2019
•19
6866
•54192419281922
1921
1920 8,468,7942,661,6472,489,2802,088,7721,747,669
191919181917
1916
1916 1,605,9681,696,9661,620,0071,879,7671,338,3341,850,000
1914
191219111910
1, 1935. include* loans guaranteed by Commodity Credit1 Amount of loa1 Beginning Jan
Corporation.
* Includes operating loans, emergency loans, and emergency crop and feed loans;prior to 1938, only emergency crop and feed loans.
* Loans to snd discounts for livestock loan companies and agricultural credit cor-
* Based upon deposits of member banks of the Federal Reserve System located inplaces of less than 16,000 population; Ark., 111., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky.t Mich., Minn.,Mo.. Nebr., N. Y., N. C, N. Dak., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S. Dak., Tex., Waah., and Wis.
* Average of 7 months.1 Average of 11 months.■ July 1 of previous year.
1 Average of 9 months.
287
K 181-194 AGRICULTURE
Series K 181-189. Number, Memberships, and Business of Farmers' Marketing and Purchasing Cooperatives:
1913 to 1956
[Fiscal-year data]
Cooperatives listedEstimated memberships
(1,000)Estimated business
($1,000,000) Cooperatives listedEstimated memberships
(1,000)Estimated business
($1,000,000)
YearTotal
Marketing
Purchasing
TotalMarketing
Purchasing
TotalMarketing
Purchasing
YearTotal
Marketing
Purchasing
TotalMarketing
Purchasing
TotalMarketing
Purchasing
181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189
1968... 9,876 6,503 3,373 7,731 4,287 3,444 9,740 7,696 2,044 1946. .1944..1943. .1942..
10,15010,30010,45010,560
7,4007,5227,7087,824
2,7502,7782,7422,726
4,5054,2508,8508,600
2,8962,7802,5802,430
1,6101,5201,2701,170
5,6456,1603,7802.840
4.8354,430
810730600480
1966...1954...1958...1962...1951...
9,88710.06810.11410,16610,061
6,5436,6866,7886,8436,769
3,8443,8723,3763,3238,282
7,6087,6087,4757,3637,091
4,2814,3554,3364,3314,212
3,3223,2533,1393,0322,879
9.6269,4639,5179,4058,144
7,6367,4877,5067,4886,460
2,0201,9762,0121,9171,684
3,1802,360
1950...1949...1948...1947...1946...
10,03610,07510,13610,12510,160
6,9226,9937,1597,2687,878
3,1133,0822,9762,8672,772
6,6846,3845,8906,4366,010
4,0753,9733,6308,3783,150
2,5092,4112,2602,0581,860
8,7269,3208,6357,1166,070
7,0837,7007,1966,0055,147
1,6431,6201,4401,111
923
1941 ..1936 _.1931.-1926..1921 ..
10,60010,50011,95010,8037,874
7,9438,38810.3629,5866,476
2,6572,1121,5881,217898
3,4003,6603,0002,700
(')
2,4202,7102,6082,453
980960892247
2,2801,8402,4002,4001,266
1,9111,5862,1852,2651.198
369264215185580) (')
1915. .1918..
5,4248,099
5,149 275111
651 692 69 636310
624804
12•2,988 (') (') (')
1 Not available.
Series K 190-194. Indexes of Farm Output and Gross Production of Livestock, by Groups: 1870 to 1957
[1947-49=100]
Livestock and livestock products
Year
Farmoutput
TotalMeat
animalsDairy
products
Poultryandeggs
190 191 192 193 194
1957 113 121 120 111 1871956 113 122 123 110 136
1965 ._ 112 120 127 108 1231954 108 117 121 107 1251953 108 114 116 105 1201962 107 112 117 100 1171961 103 112 117 100 116
1950 100 107 109 101 1111949. 101 103 103 101 1061948 104 97 97 98 961947 95 100 100 101 981946 98 101 101 102 99
1945 96 104 108 103 1061944 97 105 108 101 102
94 111 120 99 1021942 96 102 107 100 891941 86 92 94 96 77
1940 88 87 89 92 701989 80 85 87 90 69
79 79 77 89 661987 82 76 71 86 631936 66 77 74 87 68
1935 72 72 68 88 691984 60 76 73 86 69
70 82 86 87 6276 81 83 86 63
Year
Farm
198
Livestock and livestock products
Total
191
Meat
192
Dairyproducts
193
Poultry
194
1931
19301929192819271926
19261924192319221921
19201919191819171916
19161914191319121911
1910190018901880
1870
7274757278
7068696862
70666665
666066
69
6156433723
80
7877
767674
7173747166
6466686768
67646361
61
60
82
78777878
76
7378817971
6873807777
7774716866
86
8482807977
7674727068
6566646463
6861615959
68
6563626462
5857585551
4950484747
474747
47
288
LIVESTOCK K 195-212
Series K 195-212. Number, Value Per Head, Production, and Price of Livestock: 1867 to 1957
[Census figures in italics. All figures are as of Jan. 1 except census figures for 1940 and 1980 (Apr. 1); 1910 (Apr. 15); 1900, 1890, 1880, 1870 (June 1)|
Number on farms and value per headLive weight production and annual average price
received by farmers, per 100 pounds
All cattle Hogs Stock sheep Hones 1 Mules' All cattle Hogs Sheep
Yew
Number
Valueperhead
Number
Valueperhead
Number
Valueperhead
Number
Valueperhead
Number
Valueperhead
Production'
Price,beefcattle
Price,vealcalves
Production'
PriceProduction'
Price,sheep
Price,lambs
1*5 1M 197 1*8 199 200 201 202 20* 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212
Dollars1,000head Dollart
1,000head Dollar*
1.000head Dollars
1,000head Dollart
1.000pound* Dollart Dollart
1.000pounds Dollart
1,000pounds Dollars Dollart
1»67 94,60296,804
91.6088.00
61,70855,178
24.7017.70
26,53827,012
14.9014.80
8,5743,928
71.6062.60 s
26,808,08127,665,380
17.2014.90
18.7016.00
18,471,10918,868,636
17.8014.40
1,522,2581,565,814
6.075.61
19.9018 501956 W
1956 96,59295,02795,67994,24188,07282,088
88.20S6.6492.00128.00179.00160.00
50,47457, OSS45,114
30.6055.1536.6026.1029.90
88.80
27,18731, tit27,07927,59327,94427,261
14.90
14.M13.8015.7028.0026.60
4,3094,1414.7915,4036,1507,086
66.20St. 0962.9053.0053.9054.60
1
5?(')
28,089,500 16.60 16.70 20,044,148 16.00 1.616,714 5.81 18.40
J»541954 B
0
27,580,82027,405,04124,932,62322,990,053
16.0016.3024.8028.70
16.5016.7026.8031.90
18,218,27816.800,40419,726,62021,436,178
21.6021.4017.8020.00
1,607,8121,538,4381,470,7621,871,614
6.14 19.1019 3024.3031.00
1958 61,76562,11762,269
a(•)
w
6.6710.0016.00
19521951 (•)
itso 76.76477.96376.83077,17180.55482,235
11$.Ot124.00135.00117.0097.6096.20
SB, Tit58,93756,25754,59056,81061,306
19.7027.1038.3042.9036.0024.00
51,56726,18226,94029,48681,80585,626
17.6917.8017.0016.0012.209.67
5,40*5,5486,0966,7047,8408,081
it. so46.0052.5065.7059.3057.50
t.tot 95.3899.10116.00133.00141.00133.00
1950 2,2832,4022,5752,7898,027
21,186.24819,274,48918,401,95019,129,84518,998,709
28.8019.8022.2018.4014.50
26.3022.6024.4020.4015.20
20,213,78219,457,47618,222,05818,159,25018,744,289
18.0018.1023.1024.1017.50
1,886,7201,277,7181,383,4561,566,8571,761,938
11.609.279.698.897.48
26.1022.4022.8020.6015.60
1949194819471946
1*45 82,65185.57385,33481,20476,02571,765
46,76659,33188,74173,88160,60754,353
4i.m 6,4*58,7159,1929,6059,87810,193
3, ISO3,2353,4213,6268,7823,911
1945 66.9068.4069.30
66.0048.20
20.6017.5022.5016.608.84
39,60944,27048,19649,34647,441
8.458.689.688.666.77
64.90 134.00148.00
19,517,06619,708,29519,159,37618,667,99617,029,460
12.1010.8011.9010.708.82
18.0012.4013.3012.8010.80
18,848,44420,503,75525,874,71521,105,13817,489,485
14.0018.1018.7013.009.09
1,911,9801,938,2992.107,8912,313,3192.251,890
6.886.016.675.805.06
18.1012.6018.0011.709.68
1944 78.6079.8064.7068.20
1943 127.00107.00107.00
1942
1941
1*40 « 60,67568,30966,02965,24966,09867,847
64.06761,16650,01244,52543,08342,975
40,1*546,26645,46344,97245,25146,435
10,087
10,44410,62910,99511,34211,698
6,6464,0344,1684,2504,4604,628
1940 40.6038.4436.5834.0634.06
7.7811.1811.2611.8912.71
6.856.746.186.026.36
77.8084.3290.8999.1496.78
116.00118.68123.39130.25120.68
16,702,11015,177,21014,046.97013,746.69614,437,789
7.567.146.547.005.82
8.838.407.908.107.20
17.043.40417,078,84914,872,17312,506,27112,975,896
5.396.237.749.509.87
2,100,9282,028,6942.037,5881,931,9981,861,581
3.953 908.584.628.77
8.107.787.058.888.06
1989198819371936
1*55 6«,m 31,tit39,06658,62162 , 12769,30154,836
45,66646,13948,24447,80847,68247,720
11,85811,86112,05212,29112,66418,196
-4,6164,8224,9455,0465,1486,278
1935 1
1984 »68.84674,369
20.2017.7819.7426.3938.99
6.314.094.216.1311.86
4.388.772.913.446.40
77.0666.8854.1263.4860.64
99.3482.4260.4260.7069.23
13,650,54614,537,80615,404,84814,232,20413,885,509
6.044.14
7.164.924.644.966.95
10,672,79612,884,76016,566,12316,867,64416,541,384
8.654.143.538.846.78
1,884,641•1,911,079
1,860,3701,829,3832,061,980
3.752.852.882.198.10
7.285.906.064.465.64
1983 • 70,28065,80168,080
3.754.256.63
19821981
itao < H.tso 33,791,55,70559,04261,87355,49652,106
41 ,76046,57743,48140,68938,06786,719
16,56418,74214,23414,79215,88816,083
6,5645,3825,5105,6565,8045,903
1980 61,00358,87757,32258,17860,676
56.8658.4750.6339.9836.80
18.4612.9318.1717.1915.66
9.0010.7110.86
69.9869.6866.7168.7365.81
83.9382.4579.8474.5181.51
13,263,04812,753,93912,326,76312,072,44512,604,625
7.719.479.627.626.76
9.6812.1611.7610.14
15,175,72815,581,87816,188,88516,339,97414,909,297
8.849.428.649.6411.79
1,965,3371,822,6601,772,7171,664,0881,609,107
4.747.177.647.007.19
7.7411.8812.2111.4611.66
192919281927 9.79
10.531926. 9.34
IMS 60,76063,37865.99667,54668,79568,714
60,66455,77066,57669,30459.84968,942
56,5*034,46932,85932 , 59733,36535,426
18,i0116,66117,87818,12518,76419,869
5,6815,9186,9075,8936,8246.768
1926 81.7282.1131.6630.3939.07
18.1510.8012.2910.6813.68
9.637.947.504.796.34
64.2866.3970.4971.0184.48
82.9185.8986.8788.99117.87
12,963,10013,401,66613,174,86713,186,27512,816,792
6.536.846.84
8.597.837.907.647.85
14,167,62315,388,15617,007,56616,618,11114,182,316
10.917.846.948.407.68
1,608,3461,458,6661,252,8481,080,4321,146,492
7.676.626.555.964.65
12.4810.8010.529.907.18
19241928.1922 6.78
5.631921
1930 66, 64070,40072,09473,04070,97967,438
66,64660,15964,32662,93167,57860,596
55,06437,32838,36036,70435,24636,260
1»,76720,09120,92221,23821,30621,884
5,45*5,6616,6686,4866,3585,200
1920 52.6454.6650.0148.3440.10
20.0022.1819.6911.828.48
10.6911.4911.767.066.10
96.4597.94103.97102.64101.45
148.29135 . 58128.97118.46113.78
12,402,91413,887,35215,658,13916,764,06515,933,296
8.719.979.888.646.76
11.8012.6811.7810.428.87
13,632,96013,986,84814,791,53112,927,94113,582,466
12.9216.8916.1413.898.87
926,5181,142,7551,238,0441,125,7201,118,335
8.179.2610.759.686.28
11.6412.8313.9612.718.84
1919191819171916
1916 63,84959.46156,59255,67557,226
40.6788.9788.0727.68
56,60052,85353,74755,39455,366
9.9610.619.897.999.83
36,26338,05940,54442,97246,065
4.398.918.873.428.88
21,48121,30821,00820,72620,418
108.28109.27110.58105.58111.11
5,0624,8704.6834,6514,429
112.19123.47124 . 10120.33125.73
15,136,31015,661,94214,866,58913,806,62112.586,484
6.266.526.205.434.67
7.707.867.516.495.97
13,936,21712,593,57312,219,96211,944,86112,517,212
6.477.627.546.736.21
1,254,1281,270,8521,186,8391,276,0291,127,817
6.804.834.524.254.01
6.986.366.995.626.17
191419131912.1911 27.22
1*10' . St,$$758,99360,774
56,16448,07252,508
55,64446,93947,098
19,12019,97219.731
4,1014,2394,085
1910 24.5421.99
9.066.45
4.063.42
107.7095.18
119.98108.20
12,671,57713,080,843
4.86 6.40 12,024,79611,026,749
8.146.62
1,149,8381,271,682
4.99 6.161909
See footnotes at end of table.
289
K 195-213 AGRICULTURE
Series K 195-212. Number, Value Per Head, Production, and Price of Livestock: 1867 to 1957—Con.
[Census figures in italics]
Year
190819071906
19051904190319021901
19001
19001899189818971896
18951894189318921891
isao189018891888
Number on farms and value per head
All cattle Hogs
Number
195
1,000head
61,98963,75465,009
66,11166 , 44266,00464,41862 , 576
5t,i0i59 , 73955,92752.86850,44749,205
49,51051.71355,11958 , 12659,968
5 7,64960,01459,17858,599
Valueperhead
196
Dollars
20.9220.9119.65
18.3919.6921.5521.4822.68
26.5024.5322.7918.6217.86
16.5616.8417.0016.8116.49
16.9518.7719.39
Number
1 ,000head
58,38856,54353,633
53,17651,62348,10047,85850,681
62,86851,05551,55853,28251,23249,154
47,62846,52243,65245,16547,435
47,4*748.13044.50842,134
Valueperhead
198
Dollar*
5.997.546.07
56.087.6.95'6.08
5.364.674.704.364.50
5.096.066.374.654.24
4.805.805.12
Stock sheep
Number
1,000
45,09543,460'41,965
40,41041,90844,43646.19646,126
39,93845,065142.68840,09738,89139,609
41,82743,41444,56744,62843,882
W,«7642 , 69342,36543,011
Valueperhead
200
Dollars
3.873.813.51
2.772.552.622.622.96
2.972.802.511.841.71
1.571.9712.642.602.61
2.292.142.06
Horses 1
Number
201
1,000head
19,44419,09018,806
18,4911
18,33118,12117,96817,955
16,96517,85617,72817,69817,80317,876
17,84917,70917,28916.84616,329
15 ,26615,73215,06414,490
perhead
202
Dollars
92.7692.8579.77
69.7367.59|62.2758.5253.03
43.5636.6133.3530.9232.34
85.5746.6360.7264.5667.19
69.2772.3972.03
Mules 1
perhead
203
1,000head
3,9493,8143.680
3,5863,4653,3633,2643,190
3,0393,1393,0122,9182,8362,782
2,7082,6322,5502,4592,377
2,2522.3222,295
2,260
Dollars
107.81111.4697.75
87.0678.0271.7367.2353.47
204
51.4643.5242.3140 49
47.2360.6569.1874.3176.93
77.6178.9579.06
1 Includes colts.1 Includes adjustment for livestock shipped in and inventory changes.
1 Beginning 1951, horses and mules combined.* Excludes spring-bom calves, pigs, lambs, and colts.
Year
18871886
18851884188318821881
188018801879187818771876
18751X7418731872
1871
18701870186918681867
Number on farms and value per head
AU cattle
Number
195
1,000head
56.60254,868
52,46349,80447,38745,73844,501
39 , 67643.S4741.42039,39637,33336 , 140
35,36134,82133,83033,07832 , 107
23,82131,08230,06029, 238 128,636
Valueperhead
190
Dollars
21.1822.20
24.4025.2623.8720.9318.67
17.8016.9619.0518.3818.76
Hogs
Number
197
1 ,000head
42,56345,457
47,33045,96143,44042 , 56643,076
1,9 , 77344,32743,76743,37539,33335,715
18.96 35,834
19.5120.5021.6424.71
22.8420.7418.3019.13
38,37739,79439,29636,688
15,13533,78132 , 57033,30434,489
Valueperhead
198
Dollars
Stock Bheep
Number
1 ,000
4.60144, 2174.30,46,654
5.065.646.746.00I BO
4.403.154.895.685.97
4.653.933.603.96
49,62051,10150,935148 , 88347,371
1,2,19244,86741,67838,94238,14737,477
37,23736,23435,78234,312
5.48 34,063
28 , 17836,44939.80243,80844,997
5.644.603.233.951
Valueperhead
Dollars
2 .0511.95
2.192.402.532.352.35
2.182.012.122.032.20
2.392.332.602.512.10
1.871.651.2.40
Horses 1
Number
201
1 ,000
13,82113,276
12,70012,21511,79411,44411,187
10,357'10,90310,574'10,2309,9109,606
9,3339,0558,7678,4418,064
7, US7,6337,3047,0516,820
Valueper
202
Dollars
71.5970.62
72.9473.8069.9258.7557.91
53.7461.55:56.3855.1156.48
60.1064.1265.5266.5470.02
66.9960.4852.5457.56
Num-
* Government purchases included in figures for all cattle, 1935 and 1934; forhogs, 1933.
' Includes Government purchases.1 Excludes spring-born colts.
Series K 213. Workstock, 2 Years Old and Over, on Farms: 1920 to 1957
[In thousands. Census figures in italics. All figures are as of Jan. 1 except census figures for 1940 and 1930 (Apr. 1)1
Numberof head
Numberof head
Numberof head
Numberof head
Numberof head
Year
213
Year
213
Year
213
Year
213
Year
213
1957 3,3803,7284,1014,572
1949 8,0748,8009,57810,434
1941 12,65113,02918,00013,273
1934. - 15,98416,40416,82217,875
1926 20,491t0,61»21.03821,678
1956 1948 191,0 1 1933 19251965 1947 1940 1932.- 19251954 1946 1939 1931 1924
1953 5,1666,8876,7827,415
1945 11,11611,66812,11712,346
1988 13,69014,88014,83915,i6716,473
19301 17,61217,98118,51419,12019,765
1923 22,06022,27122,34821 ,87322,886
1962 1944 1937 1980 19221951 1943 - 1936 1929 19211960 1942 1935 ' 1928 - --- 1920
1936 1927 1920
1 Over 27 months old.
290
MEAT SLAUGHTERING K 214-225
K 214-225. Meat Slaughtering, Production, and Price: 1899 to 1957
[Prices are those at Chicago. Average price of all grades]
Year
Beef Veal Pork Lamb and mutton
Cattleslaughtered '
Production,
weight
Price ofbeef steersper cwt.
Calvesslaughtered '
Production,dressedweight
Price ofveal calvesper cwt.
Hogsslaughtered i
Production,dressedweight
Price ofLambs and
sheepslaughtered'
Production,dressedweight
Price oflambs
per cwt.
hogsper cwt. 1
214 215 21* 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225
1,000 head Mil. id. DoUart 1,000 head Mil. lb. Dollars 1,000 head Mil It. Dollars 1,000 head Mil. lb. Dollart
27,08927, 754
14.21114.462
23.4822.00
12,36212,997
1,5281,682
26.9323.62
79,04786.193
10,48211,218
17.8914.85
15,29216,328
707741
22 3721.12
26,68725,88924.46518,62517,084
13,56912,96312,4079,6608,837
22 5924.2328.6282.3885.72
12,86413,27012,2009,3888,902
1,6781,6471,6461,1691,059
24 80 81,05871,49574,36886,67285.540
10,9919,87010,00611,52711,481
14.8021.8221.6617.9420.12
16,55316,25516,32114,30411.416
758734729648621
20.9621.6922.4626.7684 31
23.0726.0434.4287.19
18,61418,76519.17722,40419.824
9,5349,4399,07510,4829.378
29.3625.8080.8825.8819.16
10,50111,39812,87813,72612,176
1,2801,8841,4231,6061,448
81.0827.6429.0224.9816.87
79,26374,99770,86974.00176,115
10,71410,28610,06510,60211,150
18.2018.1228.1424.4518.40
13,24413.78017,37118.70622,788
597603747799968
27.5425 5425 0422.6318.40
21,69419,84417,84518,08316,419
10,2809,1128,5718,8438,082
16.1815.4415.8013.7911.88
13,65714,2429.9409,7189,252
1,6641,7881,1671,1511,036
16.1214.8616.1814.4812.18
71,89198,06895,22678,54771,897
10,69713,80413,64010.8769,528
14.6618.5714.8113.709.45
24,63925,35527,07325,58522,309
1,0541,0241,1041.042923
14.9014.5214.9113.8211.28
14,95814,62114,82215.25415,897
7,1827,0116,9086,7987,858
10.489.769.39
9,0899,1919,30610,30410,008
981991994
1,1081,075
10.619.829.00
77,61066,56168,92753.71558,780
10.0448,6607,6806,9517.474
5.716.678.0910.029.89
21,67121,61422,42821.46621,655
876872897862854
9.669.338.50
10.789.91
11.47 10.079.308.82
14,56616,07113,10711.98012,096
6,605•8,246
6,440
10.266.766.426.708.06
9,58010,1068,6647,9708,067
1,0281,239891822823
8.886.106.886.218.88
46,01168.76078,27071,42569,288
6,9198,6249,1348,9238,789
9.274.653.948.836.16
22,00020,44421,83823,04328,138
877821862884885
9.028.016.665.927.26
6,7896.009
12,05612,03812,02818,41314.781
6,9175,8716,7716,3957,176
10.9518.4313.9111.869.47
7,7617,4067,6618,4789,364
792761773867965
11.6114.7614.5612.9011.61
67,27271,01272,88966,19662,585
8,4828,8339,0418,4807.966
9.4710.169.229.9512.84
21,12517,48817,07616,11316,444
825682863629639
9.6914.6214.9914.1214.26
14,70414,75014,28318,70612,428
6,8786,8776,7216,5886,022
10.169.249.408.658.20
9,9369,8049,3278,8328,894
989972916862820
10.879.869.669.169.36
65,50876,80977,50866,20161,818
8,1289,1499,4838,1467,697
11.818.117.569.228.61
16,43015.57815,14614,37316,742
603597588553639
15.66
14.5713.8913.689.86
13,47016,02717,09815,74113,798
6,3066,7567,7267,2396,460
18.3015.5014.6611.609.60
8,4818,2017,4867,3726,628
842819760744655
14.5816.8315.7613.7810.98
61,50265,79566,10056,50067,000
7,6488,4778.3497,0658.207
13.9117.8517.4516.109.60
13,98415,78413,22012,12816,160
538590606463586
14.6016.0016.6015.6010.75
12,90112,67612,98913,38618,817
6,0766,0176,1826,2346,549
8.408.658.257.766.40
6,0545,9276,3056.3286,855
590569608662666
10.0810.1010.208.947.91
62,00065,00067,00056,50067,000
7,6166,8246,9796,8226.961
7.108.808.867.656.70
16,57618,08518,87619,13118,177
605693706735693
9.008.007.707.205.96
14,14014,18513,56913,88613,456
6,6476,9156,6626,5446,637
6.806.856.106.806.30
6,9176,8646,5466,3956,187
667660637626598
8.257.106.506.406.26
48,21664,98663,46366,62764,698
6.0876,6677,5857,0596,793
8.907.355.706.106.25
15,33215,46414,20013,79918,800
697608659553543
7.557.406.357.056.86
18,09612,25712,26611,75111,526
6,5046.1766,2405,6496,814
6.054.954.806.205.25
6,7315,0765,0444,8544,318
556491492476422
5.756.606.206.855.61
54,48352,07248,54848,30653,898
6,6296,3876,0675,9366,357
6.265.166.006.855.85
13,10018,10013,80013,70018,200
530538563564548
6.805.605.455.504.80
10,792 5,6285.522
5.156.80
4,105 397887
51,885 6,3296,310
6.064.06
12,000 493487
1957.
1955.
1951.
1950.
1944..1943..1942..1941..
1940..1939.-1938..1937 __1936 ».
1935 •_
1934".1933'.
1931.
1930.1929.1928.1927.
1925.1924.1923 _1922.1921.
1920.1919.1918.1917.1916.
1915.1914.1913.1912.1911.
1910.1909.1908.1907.1906.
1905.1904.1903.1902.1901.
1900.1899.
1 Includes inspected, noninspected, retail, and farm slaughter.' Excludes processing tax of $0.60 per 100 pounds from Nov. 6 to SO, 1933; $1.00
from Dec. 1, 1933, to Jan. 81, 1934; $1.50 from Feb. 1 to 28, 1934; and $2.25 from Mar.1, 1934, to Jan. 6, 1986.
' Excludes cattle and calves purchased for slaughter for Federal Surplus Relief
Corporation from June 1934 to Feb. 1935 and for Aug. 1936; excludes also cattle
thus purchased for Sept. 1986.4 Includes slaughter under the Emergency Government Relief Purchase Program
in 1984-1935.1 Excludes purchases on Government account for the Emergency Hog Production
Control Program from Aug. 22 to Oct. 7, 1933.
291
K 226-233 AGRICULTURE
Series K 226-233. Cows Kept for Milk on Farms, Milk Produced, and Manufactured Dairy Products: 1849 to 1957
[ Census figures in italics ]
Cows and heifers 2 yearsold and over kept for
milk. Jan. 1
Milkproducedon farmsduring
Production of dairy products
Evaporatedand
Milk equivalent ofmanufactured dairyYear
NumberValue
per headyear
Butter " Cheese'C°milk '
Ice
226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233
J, 000Doliars
Millionpounds
1,000pounds
1,000pounds
1,000pounds
1 ,000gallons
Millionpounds
195622,91623,213
147.00139.00
125,939125,474
1,549,4131,562.254
1,404,1021,387,692
2,806,2502,948,790
649,873641,333
61.94362,202
23,46220,18323,89623,54923,06023,568
134.00 128,128 1,549,184 1,366.893 2,922,131 628,525 61,305
1952.
147.00203.00252.00219.00
122,094120,221114,671114,681
1,627,8621,606,8791,401,6901,443,361
1,383,2341,344.4001,170,2621,161,304
2,844,8332,875,4093,164,8003.228,167
596,821605,051592,705568,849
62.24361,47355.75956,349
1949
21 ,23323,85323.86224,61525,84226,521
177.00193.00164.00145.00112.00
116,602116,103112,671116,814117,697
i, 647, 9281,687,8911,503.6141,640,1441,501.989
1,191,4871,199,4421,098,3661,182,9461,106,347
3,205,3823,106,7123,755.2153,629,8383.332,770
554,351558.054576,484631,023713,769
60,33060,76457.66961.71658.326
1948_19471946
22,80327,77027,70427,13826,31325,453
1945 99 40 119 9.90. 1,699,4071.818,3502,015,4082,130,4242,267,659
1,116,7721,017,247
4,125,5803,750,2233,343,5613,782,2193,554,583
477,162444,886411,646464,172390.282
61.85961,56663,72467,99667,832
1944 102.0099.5077.9060.90
117,023117,017118,533115,088
993,2941,112,314
2I.9J724,94024,60024,46624,64925,196
956,161
1940 57.3055.7354.5250.4549.32
109,412106,792105,807101,908102,410
2,239.5162,210,4262,252,3942,134,6442,167,970
785,490710,287726,021653,308649,577
2.730,7782,367,2562,322,3522,131,4082,270,339
318,088305,772286,366291,057258,585
62,84560,45560.98967,54858,250
19391938 :::::::::::::::1937 .1936
21,, 58226,08226,93125,93624,89623,820
1935 30.1727.0029.1839.5157.03
101,205101,621104,762103,810103,029
2,210,6992,286,4932,374,8552,306,8232,238,681
628,113586,617548,287490,822499,061
2.031,6151,908,0191,898,5361,779,5801,682,387
219,134191,560161,792167,950226,437
57,88158,47959,55757,43356,686
193319321931
tl.lU23,03222,44022,23122,26122,410
1930 82.7083.8973.3859.1554.65
100,15898,98895,84396,17293,326
2,149,1492,183,7712,119,6432,187,8922,131,857
509 , 610498,829478,773462,040468,273
1 7A1 QOO OF.*. A'*Q 55,58156,62554,26155,40953,902
1929 1,848,917 277,237253,967251.385238,333
19271,604,0951,576,1921,455,9901926
1925 20,90022,57522,33122,13821,85121,456
1925 48.3449.9148.6548.6861.19
90,69989,240
2,081,6542,065,9191,992,9921,869,9901,748,174
502,729473,824471 , 130432,184434,418
1,547,5771,507,2371,585,4461,280,7451,323,626
240,018213,326214,277191,091175,366
53,43452,41752,20448.62945,759
1924192319221921
1920 19,67521,45521,54521,53621,21220,752
1920 81.5178.3770.6359.5153.81
1,574,4381,646,7201,503,2881,644,0291,793,113
422,947485,761415,227472,000422,000
1,416,2611,883,4481,618,6961,891,1631,195,613
171,248152,982142,912106,41993,564
42,44645,38840,07744,01045,927
1919 67,124191819171916
1915 20,27019,82119,58019,61719,422
55.3053.9145.0439.4240.07
1,750,6131,684,7491,608,2621,591,5471,761,821
440,000367,000359,000323.000345,000
1,027,551883,113786,627700,682624,128
44,67742,10140,01038,96342,464
1914 72,000191319121911
JWO 20 , 62519,45019,20118,99218,62918,280
1910 35.4032.0930.4880.6329.34
1,706,0761,621,7961,762,6891,537,0561,545,247
355,000313,000812,965285,819292,161
655,938495,198450,475409,790372,780
41 , 13238,71541,43936,29036,403
1909 64,211 29,637190819071906
1905 17,82317,48517,21716,99216,708
27.1929.0030.0629.0829.88
1,667,4951,539,5631,486,8581,400,5671,574,764
326,993331,099322,912317,750362,074
339,112308,485279,074252,467228,396
39,21036,46835.15933,24887,280
1904 12,199190319021901
1900.. 17,13616,64416,09415,64115,38215,266
1900 31.3029.4627.3423.0822.53
1,540,0801,492,5801,472,8541.532,5301,603,956
328,788299,006280,804310,543239,833
206,621186,922
36,10634,80634,14535.64036,385
1899 62,486 5,021189818971896
1895 15,23015,23715,16415,17715,133
22.1121.8621.9021.5321.73
1,296,5191,062,8191,047,0031,057,5321,090,981
233,877256,713253,581318,396293,357
29.82825,11324.71825,56125,990
189418931892
See footnotes at end of table.
292
COWS—CHEESE AND BUTTER K 226-235
Series K 22&-233. Cows Kept for Milk on Farms, Milk Produced, and Manufactured Dairy Products:
1849 to 1957—Con.
[Census figures in italics]
Cowa and heifers 2 yearsold and over kept for
milk, Jan. 1
Milkproducedon farmsduring
Production of dairy productsMilk equivalent ofEvaporatedmanufac
tured dairyYearNumber
Valueper head
year
Butter 1 Cheese'and
condensedmilk 1
Icecream
products «
226 227 228 229 230 2.11 232 233
1,000Dollart
Millionpounds
1,000poundt
1,000poundt
/,000 1 ,000 Million
1S90... 16,51t15.00014.70614.35013.88813,478
1890 22.3024 0324.8226.2327.52
1.171,2111.292,432978.009978,190988.842
318.458301.000286.005267.521244,362
27,906
M.2M23,49423,30123,283
1889...:::::::::::::::::.:::: :..:: 44. ROT 44,867 851188818871886
13,21312,88312,57112.23411,977
29.8881.5830.4726.1223.82
933,086869,351843,728742,526802,817
259.802274.690281.473261,057303.582
22.25821,06120,58418,24819,934
1SS4
im
18821881
1880 It.AiS11.75411.48611.22211.00410,821
1880 23.3121.5525.7025.1425.20
815.699806,672725,991696,118677,424
269,728243.157303,440235,242214,334
19.86119,40218,30716,99516,390
1879 13,033 144187818771876
1875 10,71410,56210,34810,1919,941
25.2925.2026.3229.1833.62
556,314584.566566,389434,051470,245
232,784205,539212,064186,940164,065
14,02914,34714,02910,99711,527
1874187318721871
1870 8, $859,6729,2058,7058.268
1870 31.8928.8626.9629.40
412,130514,093
180,780162,927
10,47212,4341869 3.786 24
18681867
1860 . . . 8.5861859 459,681 103,664 4 10,6901860 6.S851849 313,345 105,536 7,636
1 Farm and factory production combined. Prior to 1919, includes total production of all condensed and evaporated milk as inter-* Includes all types of cheese except cottage, pot, and bakers' cheese; full-skim A men- polated from Census enumerations.
can cheese excluded since 1908. Farm output not estimated since 1926. * For 1849-1923, computed from data on estimated production of manufactured* For 1919-1957, includes all evaporated and condensed whole milk as compiled by dairy products, using average milk equivalent factors; 1924-1956, as published by Agri-
the former Bureau of Agricultural Economics and Agricultural Marketing Service. cultural Marketing Service. Data include farm butter.
Series K 234-235. Wholesale Prices of Cheese and Butter: 1830 to 1957
Cheese,Americantwins,
per pound
234
CenU33.332.8
31.632.335.738.737.5
30.830.440.736.034.8
23.223.223.221.619.4
14.312.812.615.915.3
14.311.710.210.012.5
Butterat
New York,per pound 1
235
CenU60.759.9
58.260 a66.673.069.9
62.261.575.871.362.8
42.842.244.840.134.3
29.626.028.034.433.1
29.825.721.621.028.3
Year
19301929.19281927.1926.
1925.1924.1923.1922.1921.
192019191918.19171916.
19151914191319121911
19101909190819071906
1905
Cheese,Americantwins,
per pound 1
234
CenU162022.2220
21.518.222.119.318.3
24.929.025.922.517.5
14.214.614.815.612.7
14.714.612.213.411.8
11.7
Butter
atNew York,per pound '
235
CenU36.545.047.447.344.4
45.342.646.940.643.3
61.460.761.542.734.0
29.829.832.231.627.9
31.129.927.628.124.6
24.6
Year
1904190319021901
19001899189818971896
18951894189318921891
18901889188818871886
18851884188318821881
18801879
Cheese,Americantwins,
per pound 1
234
CenU9.311.111.29.8
10.0'10.6•7.6•8.5
'7.7
•7.4•10.2•9.6•9.3•8.9
•9.0•8.7•8.1
'10.8'9.6
•8.7
'11.1•11.0• 11.9
'12.4
■12.5
'8.0
Butter
atNew York,per pound 3
235
Cents21232421
22.221.319.619.018.5
21.223.027.126.326.2
23.724.427.526.726.8
26.630.331.235.631.8
30.524.2
Year
187818771876
18751874187318721871
18701869186818671866
18651864186318621861
18601859185818571856
185518541853
Butterat
New York,per pound 1
235
CenU27.328.531.3
32.836.235.432.033.6
38.143.344.734.842.7
39.843.728.220.919.4
21.923.923.825.725.8
26.423.023.0
Year
18521851
18501849184818471846
18451844184318421841
18401839183818371836
18351834183318321831
1830
1 On Wisconsin cheese exchange, based on weekly prices established on Friday
' Annual averages of monthly figures from sources and for grades as follows: 1830-1879, average of high and low for 2 days each week, high grade, New York shipping andcommercial list; 1880-1895 average of monthly range, creamery extras, annual reporta
of New York Chamber of Commerce; 1896-1920, average of daily quotations for extrafresh, specials, extras and firsts, or fresh extras, Slew York Produce tieeiew and American Creamery,' published by Urner-Barry Company; 1921 to date, 92 score creamery,daily market reports of U.S. Department of Agriculture.
' September figure shown because annual averages were not available.
488910 O - tO - 20
293
K 236-253 AGRICULTURE
Series K 236-239. Prices Received by Farmers for Dairy Products: 1909 to 1957
Butter,per
pound
Butterfatinper ;
237
Whole milk
Wholesale,per 100pounds
238
Retail,per quart
239
Butter,per
pound
236
Butterfatin tper |
Whole milk
Wholesale,per 100pounds
238
Retail,per i
239
1957.1966.
1955.1954.1953.1952.1951.
1950.1949.1948.1947.1946.
1946.1944.1943.1942.1941.
1940.1939.1938.1987.1936.
Cents
60.8
56.858.066.763.368.3
45.343.843.735.230.4
26.625.026.629.628.8
26.722.720.1
Cento60.659.4
67.768.766.675.071.2
62.061.679.971.864.3
50.350.349.939.634.2
28.023.926.333.332.2
28.122.718.8
Dollars4.214.14
4.003.974.324.854.58
3.893.954.884.273.99
3.198.213.122.582.19
1.691.781.991.88
1.721.561.30
Cento21.321.0
20.720.620.920.819.9
18.618.618.817.515.2
13.413.212.711.810.8
10.310.310.310.510.1
9.89.48.6
19321931
19301929192819271926
19251924192319221921
19201919191819171916
19151914191319121911
19101909
Cento20.827.2
36.342.242.641.640.9
40.539.640.435.337.0
54.360.342.736.928.0
25.726.126.725.722.9
26.524.0
Cento17.924.8
34.545.246.144.541.6
42.440.442.235.937.0
55.553.845.438.029.4
25.926.527.426.723.2
26.425.5
Dollars
1.281.69
2.212.532.522.512.38
2.382.222.492.112.30
3.223.292.962.381.73
1.681.601.611.691.62
1.68
Cento8.910.1
11.311.511.511.311.3
11.211 110.910.411.2
12.811.910.68.97.4
7.17.27.16.96.7
6.66.4
Series K 240-241. Shorn Wool Production and Price: 1869 to 1957
Year
19571956
19551954195319521951
I9601949194819471946
19451944.1943194219411940
Production 1
240
1,000pounds
235,509238,569
234,058235,807232,258233,309228,091
216,944212,899231,770261,425280,908
307,976338,318378,843388,297387,520372.014
Priceper
pound :
241
Cento'53.444.2
42 6'53.2♦54.9
54.197.1
62.149.449.242.042.3
41.942.341.640.135.528.4
Year
1939193819371936
19351934193319321931
193019291928192719261925
192419231922
Production 1
240
1,000pounds
361 , 689859,925356,078853,211
361,531368,860374.152350,996376.301
352,129327,795314,820289,404269,261253.203
238,205230,168228,367
Priceper
pound 1
Cento22.319.132.026.9
19.321.920.68.6
13.6
19.530.236.230.334.039.5
36.639.427.1
Year
192119201919191819171916
19151914191319121911
19101909190819071906
19051904
Production L
240
1,000pounds
241,723250,888270,091253,993236,914244,037
241,175250,621265,888277,880301,552
305,834310,179270,138256,295256,915
253.488249,783
Priceper
pound 1
241
Cento17.345.649.557.741.626.1
22.116.616.717.315.8
21.722.216.320.523.1
22.216.3
Year
190319021901
19001899189818971896
18951894189318921891
18901889188818871886
Production 1
240
1,000pounds
245,450274,341265,602
259,973272 , 191266,721259,153272,475
294,297325,211348,538294,000285,000
276,000265,000269.000285,000302,000
Priceper
pound 1
241
Cento15.418.713.7
13.714.513.711.110.3
10.811.114.516.316.3
17.118.017.118.016.8
Year
18X5
188318821881
18801879187818771876
18751874187818721871
18701869
Production 1
240
1,000pounds
308,000300.000290,000272,000240,000
232,500211,000208,250200.000192,000
181,000170,000158.000150 , 000160.000
162,000162,000
Price
241
Cents
14. S14.517.120.522.2
23.118.018.821.419.7
25.725.726.531.727.4
22.222.2
1 Includes shearing at commercial feeding yards.* Beginning with 1943, average price for marketing
following year. Prior to 1943, price relates to calendar year.April through March
' Computed from State average prices for wool sold April 1957 through January 1958'* Includes allowance for unredeemed wool.
Series K 242-253. Poultry and Eggs—Number, Production, and Price: 1909 to 1957
[Census figures in italics and are as of Jan. 1, for 1945, 1935, 1926, and 1920; Apr. 1, 1964, 1950, 1940 and 1930; and Apr. 15, 1910]
Year
1967.1956.
1955.195-1.
1954.1953.1952.1961.
1950.1950.1949.1948.1947.1946.
Number,Jan. 1
242
1,000890,137882,846
390.708376,800896,776398,158426,655430,988
su.it;!,
456 , 549430,876449,644467,217623,227
Valueper head,Jan. 1
243
1 Average annual price received
Dollars1.171.26
1.06l.Oif1.431.411.531.46
1.0»11.861.661.4t1.441.27
by
Numberproduced
244
1,000809,780392 , 524
377,710
454,848463,891473,381539,549
535.266622,833536,107685,729646,490
Poundsproduced
245
1,0001,335,8211,668,178
1,633,624
1,947,5782,046,4202,024,6002,311,627
2,309,8052,643,3642,289,1122,667,8132,714,924
Priceper
pound 1
246
Cento13.615.9
18.6
16.822.122.126.0
22.225.480.126.527.6
Numberproduced
247
1,000,00060,48660,877
59,496
58,93357,89158,06858,063
58,95466,15454,89966,38456,962
Priceper
dozen 1
248
Cento35.838.7
38.9
36.647.741.647.7
36.345.247.246.387.6
Turkeys
Number,Jan. 1
249
1,0005,8024,923
4,917
4,9565,0865,7256,037
2,8i»5,1244,6228,9595,8797,862
Valueper head,Jan. 1
250
Dollars
6.056.50
5.33
6.326.156.996.48
i.Sl6.348.806.976.546.75
Numberproduced
251
1,00080,96776,527
65,410
67,50759,62662,11753,065
44,13441,01931,34633,69339,746
Poundsproduced
252
1,0001,351,4701,273,714
1,089,723
1,160,5441,007,9951,049,218949,865
817,482769,351573,918610,737714,460
Priceper
pound 1
Cento28.427.2
80.2
28.833.733 637.6
32.985.246.836. S36.8
POULTRY AND EGGS—CROP PRODUCTION INDEXES K 242-264
Series K 242-253. Poultry and Eggs—Number, Production, and Price: 1909 to 1957—Con.
[Census figures in italics and are as of Jan. 1, for 1945, 1935, 1925, and 1920; Apr. 1, 1954, 1950, 1940 and 1930; and Apr. 15, 1910]
l»i5.--1945...1944...1943...1942...1941...
19iO1940...1939...1938...1937...1936...
1935...1935...1934...1933...1932...1931...
19S0...1930...1929...1928...1927...1926...
19«.__1925...1924...1923...1922...1921...
IStO...1920...1919...1918...1917...1916...
1915...1914...1913...1912...1911...
1910...1910...1909...
Chickens
Number,Jan. 1
242
1,000
133,111516,497582 , 197542 , 047476,935422,841
M7, 9i9438,288418,691389,624423,921403,446
3 T1,603389,958433,987444,523436,815449.743
378,878468.491449,006474,997460,999438,000
109 , t91434.998434,853415,100394,950370,125
359,537381 , 109391.364363,372359,479369,458
379,211366,505364,670367,266381,540
t80,3il355,988340,200
Valuemt hea<Jan. 1
Dollars
l.tt81.211.181.04.83.65
.560
.60
.70
.76
.66
.75
.515
.54
.42
.45
.62
.70
.81,9
.93
.91
.86
.91
.89
.9te
.79
.76
.75
.81
.89
.97*
.97
.96
.77
.69
.49
.46
.49
.47
.42
.46
.500
.47
.44
Number
799,102724.871913,707751.843664,116
555,563621,063583,207532,580650,608
697 , 769678,322684,929672,619646,679
714,380692,328639,917693 , 657664 . 594
626,069605,354610,188584,606555,585
514,267627,029643,395608,863500,665
514,495531,019614,240512,928617,215
543,281498,091
Poundsproduced
245
3,314,9203,009,0263,679,4763,004,7272,686.468
2,158.2222,337,9802,185.0492,032,0092,409,582
2,209,9602,105,2122,523,6492,488,6802,368,494
2,553,3872,506,2702,316,2442,506,7902,408,678
2,274,6832,196,898
Priceper
pound 1
246
Cents
25.923.724.318.715.6
13.013.214.816.015.0
14.911.19.511.715.8
18.422.821.420.222.1
20.519.4
Eggs
Numberproduced
247
1,000,000
58,53754,54748,61041,894
39,70738,84337,35637,56434,534
33,60934,42935,51436,29838,532
39,06737,92138,65938,62737,248
34,96934,59235,00033,00030,800
29,70030,50028,00027,70028,800
29,90027,90028,10028,30029,400
Priceper
dozen ■
248
Cents
37.732.537.130.023.5
18.017.420.321.321.8
23.417.013.814.217.6
23.729.828.125.128.9
30.426.726.526.028.3
48.541.336.031.822.1
19.420.519.420.217.5
27 , 00025,300
20.920.0
Turkeys
Number,Jan. 1
7,0827,2946,6847,4477,150
i,36t8,5696,4896,0966,3586,731
5,38t5,4996,3096,8525,9465,318
5,9695,541
3,627
3,689
Valueper bead,Jan. 1
250
Dollarn
6.796.354.478.082.27
1.712.142.562.492.062.82
2.432.60
3.003.55
Numberproduced
251
1,000
42,47034,70031,36032,06432,204
33,31633,20126,54725,39127,642
20,48721,31022,81321,96417,923
17,05218,136
Poundsproduced
252
740,462584,010509,214521,534512,075
501.916494,019395,017375,828405,418
297,961299 , 598:S19.2f>9302,930243,983
228,147239 , 128
Priceper
pound 1
253
Cents
33.733.932.727.519.9
15.215.717.518.115.6
20.115.111.612.819.3
20.224.5
1 Average annual price received by farmers.
Series K 254-264. Indexes of Gross Production of Crops, by Groups: 1910 to 1957
[1947-49=100]
Crops Feed usedby farm
horses andmules
Year TotalFeedgrains
Hay andforage
Foodgrains tables
Fruitsand nuts
Sugarcrops
Cotton TobaccoOil
crops
264 265 266 257 268 259 260 261 262 268 264
1967 (preL)1956 (preL)
106 121 126 79 96 112 126 77 88 147 85106 112 110 84 101 110 107 93 107 162 39
1955 106 112 116 80 96 104 107 103 109 128 431954 101 106 109 85 94 104 117 96 110 116 481963 103 101 110 96 96 104 105 116 103 102 651952 103 102 107 106 92 102 95 106 112 104 631961 99 97 111 82 92 106 92 106 115 106 73
1960 97 104 106 88 98 104 117 70 101 116 821949 101 103 97 89 99 100 95 113 97 100 901948 106 116 100 103 103 96 98 104 98 109 1001947 98 81 103 108 98 104 112 88 105 91 1101846.... 98 105 104 92 110 110 105 61 114 85 122
1945.. 98 97 113 89 101 98 96 68 98 88 1811944 96 100 109 85 99 102 86 86 96 82 1401948 90 96 110 69 103 87 86 80 70 98 1481942.. 97 104 116 80 96 100 117 90 70 92 1651941 86 91 106 76 92 102 102 75 62 61 162
1940 86 86 106 67 91 96 108 88 72 66 1671989 82 88 93 61 88 98 111 88 94 47 1711988 83 84 98 75 89 86 120 84 69 36 1761987 88 87 87 72 89 96 101 133 78 80 1821986 64 68 74 62 88 72 100 87 68 27 186
295
K 254-273 AGRICULTURE
Series K 254-264. Indexes of Gross Production of Crops, by Groups: 1910 to 1957—Con.
[1947-49 =100]
Crops Feed usedby farm
horses andmulesYear Total
Feedgrains
Hay andforage
Foodgrains
Vegetables
Fruitsand nuts
Sugarcrops
Cotton TobaccoOil
crops
254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264
1935 76 80 96 53 88 91 96 75 66 84 191
1934 68 48 67 44 87 72 89 68 54 21 194
88-
71 73 79 45 80 77 108 91 68 18 198
80 95 86 62 83 76 96 91 49 21 204
1931 84 84 79 76 83 94 83 119 76 23 212
1930 76 73 75 72 82 75 88 98 81 23 219
1929 7982
83 88 66 81 76 76 104 75 21 227
1928.. _ 90 86 73 81 81 72 101 68 22 236
1927. 79 85 98 71 78 68 74 91 61 25 245
1926 80 83 79 67 74 89 73 126 63 19 255
1925 78 91 79 55 72 68 77 113 67 21 263
1924 76 77 92 69 74 73 77 95 61 25 272
1923 76 91 90 62 72 79 80 71 74 16 281
1922 76 86 96 72 75 79 79 68 60 13 289
1921 71 91 86 67 65 48 102 66 49 IS 297
1920 83 100 92 70 70 73 107 94 73 16 305
1919- 76 86 98 80 63 68 89 80 70 12 315
1918.- 76 86 83 76 67 61 103 84 70 16 318
1917 75 96 86 53 69 56 102 79 64 14 317
1916 70 80 96 64 58 65 87 80 68 12 816
1916 78 96 89 81 62 72 80 79 56 10 315
1914 75 81 80 72 62 77 78 113 50 10 312
1913 68 75 75 61 59 63 86 100 48 11 306
1912 77 96 88 60 63 69 79 96 54 17 301
1911 67 77 63 51 55 65 88 111 46 12 296
1910 69 90 74 52 58 63 80 82 56 9 288
Series K 265-273- Corn and Wheat Acreage, Production, Price, and Stocks: 1839 to 1957
[Census figures in italics]
Corn for all purposes All wheat for grain Wheat in
AcreageProduction
Priceper
bushel i
Stockson farms,Oct. 1
Acreagehar
vested
Production
Priceper
bushel '
Stockson farms,July 1
all off-farm
positions,July 1
harvested
265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 27S
1,000acres
1,000bushels Dollars
1,000bushels
1,000acres
1.000bushel* Dollars
1,000bushels
1,000bushels
72,61675,634
3,422,3813,466,283
1.121.29
419,622300,095
43.80649,784
950,6621,004,272
1.931.97
59,89667,246
848,910966,169
79,53078, Its80,18680,45980,94080,729
3,229,743 1.34 313,761 47,28551,361
934,781 1.98t.13
40,644 995,534908,928
3,067,8913,209,8963,291,9942,925,758
1.431.491.531.66
359,365329,972171,970318,188
54,35667,84071 , 18061,873
983,9001,173,0711,306,440
2.122.042.092.11
103,16279,16363,38776,275
830.344526,381192,691323,596988,161
81,81883.S36
8.074,914 1.53 470,146 61,60771,163
1,019,3441,006,5591,098,4151,294,9111,858,9111,162,118
2.001.86
65,861 358.853
85,59584,77882,88887,585
3,237,7493,605,0782,854,7398,217,076
1.261.302.161.66
696,149112,122251,834151,897
75,91072,41874,51967,105
1.881.992.291.91
66 , 50594,46340,50141,604
240,780101.480
87,6259t,t5994,01492,06087,36785,357
2,868,795 1.27 293,381 65,167 1,107,623 1.500
S:S
3,087,9822,965,9803,068,5622,651,889
1.091.123.917
.761
202,670355,224422,026473,640
58,28669,74951,35649,77365,935
1,032,6601,060,111843,813969,381941,970
1.4101.361.10.944
87,703103,622189.574162,722
429,323468,053298,06886,675
86,42986,99088,27992 , 16093,93093,154
2,457,146>t, 311, 1002,580,9862,648,7532,642,9781,605,689
.618 541,444 53,27350,52652,66969,19764,16949,125
814,646708, 85t
.682 79,572 200,149
.568
.486
.6181.044
653,793351 , 63960,004
171,561
741,210919,913878,914629 , 880
.691
.562
.962
.025
88,01658,85721,97243.137
161,99994,25061,19597,296
95,97487,1,7892,193105,918110,577106,866
2,299,363
'1.169,i381,448,9202,397,6932,930,8522,576,927
.665 61,367 51,305
U.91348,34749,42467,85167,704
628,227513, HIS
.831 44.061 101,888
.815
.520
.316
.821
273,931326,770251,697162,577
526,052552,215756,307941,540
.848
.744
.882
.391
61,10382,69393,56337,084
211,790296,057281,704275,421
101,46597,71,197,805
2,080,130'i, 130,7522,515,9372,665,5162,616,1202,546,972
.598 134,403 62,6376t,00063,39269,22669,62856,616
886,522800,61,9824,183914,373875,069882,218
.671 62.452 228,663
100,33698,36799,452
.799
.840
.847
.740
142,37187,232
192,461262,148
1.036.998
1.1901.217
43,55419.97226,59023,722
183,26792,78482.86673,164
1957.1956
19551951.19541953.1952.1951.
19501949.1949.19481947.1946.
1945I»U.1944194319421941
1940.1939.1939193819371936
19351931,1934193319321931
19301929192919281927
i average price received by 1908-1967; Dec. 1 price prior to 1908. 1 Corn harvested for grain only.
296
CROPS K 265-285
Series K 265-273. Corn and Wheat Acreage, Production, Price, and Stocks: 1839 to 1957—Con.
[Census figures in italics]
Corn for all purposes
Acreagehar-
Produc-tion
Price perbushel 1
267
All wheat for grain
Acreagehar-
Produc-tion
270
Price perbushel 1
271
Year
Corn for all purposes
Acreagehar
vested
Production
Price perbushel >
267
wheat for grain
Acreagehar
vested
269
Production
270
1,000 1.000
101,331
98,i02100,420101 , 123100.345103,156
101,359'87,77i98,145102,195110,893100,561
100,62397,796100,206101,451101,393
102,267'98,383100,20095,28596,09495.624
95,74695,22893,55597,17794,422
94,852
'9i,9H94.59187,78489.96589,074
2,798,3671,8*3,8802,223,1232,875,2922,707,3062,928,442
3,070,604
'2,3H5,8332,678.5412,441,249:2,908,2422,425,206
2,829,0442,523,7502,272,5402,947,8422,474,635|
2,852,794'2,552,1902,611,1572,566,7422,613,7973,032,910
2,954,1482,686,6242,515,0932,773,9541,715,752
2,661,978'2,666,321,2,645,7962,351,3232,287,6282,671,048
Dollars0.701
1,000
1.063.814.732.518
1.5131.5201.4561.137
.676
.708
.703
.552
.678
.515
""'616'.650.505.391
.406
.436
.419
.401
.600
.350
.298
.285
.260
.214
52,44350, 86252,46356,92061,39764 , 566
62,35873,09973,70061,06846,78753,510
60,30355,61352,01248.41349,894
45,793
U.26344,26245,10244,13946,230
46,30643,15548,45646,24450,847
49,20352,58952,34250,50643,41340,828
1,000bushels668,700800,877841,617759,482846.649818,964
843,27791,5, ill 1
952,097904,130619.790634 , 572
1,008,637897,487751,101730,011618,166
625,476683,379683,927642,818628,764740,509
706,026555,571663,115686,959762 , 546
599,315
658, 53i655,143768,148606,202522,963
Dollars
1.437
1.247.926.966
1.030
1.827
2.1632.0502.0471.434
.961
.975
.794
.807
.869
.908
.991
.967
.866
.660
.747
.926
.631
.621
.588
.579
.721
1895.1894.1893.1892.1891.
1890.1889.1889.1888.1887.1886.
1885.1884.1883.1882.1881.
1880.187*.1879.1878.1877.1876.
1875.1874.1878.1872.1871.
1870.1869.1869.1868.1867.1866.
1859.
18i9.1839.
1,000acres90,47980,06979,83276,91478,865
74,785• 72,088
77,65677,47473,29673,911
71,85468,83468,16866,16763,026
62,545'62,36962,22959,65958,79956,277
52,44647,64044,08443,58442,002
38,388
35,83335,11632,11630,017
1,000bushels
2,534,7621,615,0161,900,4011,897,4122,335,804
1,650,446'2,122,3282,294,2892,250,6321,604,5491,782,767
2,057,8071,947,8381,652,1481,755,2721,244,893
1,706,673'1,751,, 5921,751,9841,564,5371,515,8621,478,173
1,450,2761,058,7781,008,3261.279,3691,141,715
1,124,775'760, 9 iS782,084919 , 590793.905730,814
'838,793'592,071'377,532
Dollars0.252.451.361.393
.496
.275
.331
.424
.357
.322
.349
.418
.481
.628
.390
.364
.313
.357
.361
.419
.641
.483
.383
.464
.521
.725
.617
.781
.657
1,000acres38,998
40,16740,79042,97941,090
33,58036,09834,96936,87336,312
35,09538,48585,58736,49636,795
38,096
35. W035,34733,37927,96328,283
28,38227,31024,86622,96222,230
20,945
21,19419 . 14016,73815,408
1,000bushels642,119541,873605.795611,854677,543
449.042468,871604,370423,867490,761
513,540
399,931571,292438.762552,207405,886
502,257
i59,i83459.234449,175395,610309,116
313,728356,115321,931271,482271,881
254,429287,71,6289,526246,272210,878169,703
173,105
100, i8681,, 823
i average price received by farmers, 1908-1967; Dec. 1 price prior to 1908. 3 Corn harvested for grain only.
Series K 274-285. Oats, Barley, Flaxseed, and Soybean Acreage, Production, and Price: 1839 to 1957
[Census figures in italics]
Year
1957.1956.
1955.195!,.1954.1953.1952.1951.
1950.
19i».
1947.1946.
1945.191,1,.1944.1943.1942.1941.
1931,..1934..
Oats for grain
Acreageharvested
274
1,000acres34,64733,706
39,24337,92140,55137,53637,01235,233
39,30635,31,1,37,79439,28087,85542,812
41,73935,1,2589,74138,91488,19738,161
36,43129,93333,46036,04235,54233,654
40,109
2i,58929.45536,52841 , 70040,193
Production
275
1,000bushels
1,300,9541,163,160
1,503,074
1 ,3H,H21,409,6011,163,2051,217,4331,277,647
1,369,1991 ,136,61,21,220,1181,450,1861,176,1421,477,573
1,523,8511 .Oil, 1121,149,2401,139,8311,342,6811,182,609
1,246,450870,258957,704
1,089,3831,176,744792,583
1,210,229
i58,780544,247736,309
1,264,5841,124.232
Price perbushel 1
Dollars0.608.688
.596
.71
.711
.740
.783
.821
.790
.65
.655
.7231.05.809
.667
.69
.709
.722
.488
.411
.303
.310
.238
.802
.449
.264
.481
.335
.157
.213
Barley for grain
Acreageharvested
277
I,000acres14,98812,940
14 , 56412,55613,3708,6808,2369,424
II, 1559,1809,87211,90510,95510,380
10,45411,69312,30114.90016,95814,276
13,52512,01112 , 73910,6109,9698,329
12,4366,1986,5779,64113,20611,181
Production
278
1,000bushels437 , 170376,873
401,225361,, 716379,254246,723228,168257,213
303,772220,963237,071315,537281,868265,059
266,994261,1,25276,276322,913429,460362 , 568
311.278260,811278,193256,620221,889147,740
288,667HO.Oii117,390152,839299,394200,280
Price perbushel 1
279
Dollars0.879.984
.917J. 081.081.151.351.24
is05
04
It70
M
1.021.001.02.991.632.529
.397
.405
.368
.542
.782
.379
.686
.434
.221
.328
Acreageharvested
280
» average price received by farmers, 1908-1957; Dec. 1 price prior to 1908.
1,000acres4,8995,648
4,9815,1795,6634,5703,3043,904
4,090I,, 8135,0484,9734,1292,432
3,7852,1,772,6105.6914,4083,266
3.1822,0812,171
905927
1,125
2,126998
1.0021.3411,9882,431
Production
281
1,000bushels25,91948,009
41,24335 , 1,95
41,27437,65630,18434,696
40,236I,0,18942,97654,80340,61822,588
34 , 55720,76521,66550,00940,97632 , 133
30,92418,82919,6068.0327,0705,331
14.9145,5985,7196,904
II, 51111,755
Price perbushel 1
282
Dollars2.942.99
2.903.01,
3.053.643.783.71
3.343.603.635.716.154.04
2.892.91
2.912.832.3561.788
1.416
1.4631.5921.8661.897
1.420
1.7021.627
1.167
Soybeans for beans
Acreageharvested
283
I,000acres20,82620.642
18,620
16, iU17.04714,82914,43513,615
13,80710,11,810,48210.682
II, 4119,932
10,740
10,24510,3979,8946,889
4,807
4,3153,0352,5862,359
2.915
1.5561,0441,0011,141
Production
284
1,000
483,715449,446
373 , 522323 , 965341,075269,169298,839283,777
299,249
212.H0234,194227,217186,451203,395
193,167187,7*6192,121190,133187,524107 , 197
78,04587,59190,14161,90646,16433,721
48,90123.01523,16713 , 50916,15817.260
K 274-285 AGRICULTURE
Series K 274-285. Oats, Barley, Flaxseed, and Soybean Acreage, Production, and Price: 1839 to 1957—Con.
[Census figures in italics]
Oats for train
Acreageharvested
274
Production
275
Price perbushel 1
276
Barley for grain
Acreageharvested
277
Production
278
Price perbushel 1
279
Flaxseed
Acreageharvested
Production
281
Price perbushel >
Soybeans for beans
Acreageharvested
Produc- Price per
1,000 1,000
19391929.192819271926.
1925.193*.192419231922.1921.
1920.1919.1919.1918.1917.1916.
19151914191319121911
191019091909190819071906
39,84733 , 46638,15340.12840,85042,854
44.24037,65041,85740,24540,32445,539
42,73237,99139 , 60142,46441.60439,098
38,80237,21337,24537,24487,149
36,84435,15935,06234,31034,43933.688
1,274,592992.7/,?
1,112,9491.312,9141,093,2211.152,911
1.406,268I, SOI,, 5991,416,1201,227,1841,147,9051,045,270
1,444,2911,055, IBS1,106,6031.428,6111,442,5191,138,969
1,435,2701,066,3281,039,1311,853,273885,527
1,106,1621 ,007, US1,013,909829,308801,144
1,022,715
Dollars
0.322
1,000
.418
.407
.471
.389
.478
.407
.374
.322
.640
"767.685.701.487
383.439386.337
.356
428.492
.317
12,629It, 89113,56412,7359,4657,917
8,1866,7677,0387,1516,6017,074
7,4398,1,736,5799,1988.4537,623
7,2797,6537,6737,5427,613
7,5467,6997,6977,4096,8546,744
301,619tes,590280.637328.351289,071166,030
192,466159,139165,318158,994162,908132,702
171,042133,035131,086225.067182,209159,157
206,976177,712158,820196,927146,074
142,419
173,m173,069170,780150,584179,148
Dollars
0.405
"539
1.000
579
.814
.742
.546
.499
.478
.848
1.244.951
1.231.804
.520
.536
.525
.509
.828
.807
. 559
. 566
.665
.418
3,7803,9663,0492,6112,7632,736
3,022I.4M3.5352,0151,1131,143
1,6471,3611,2931,7831,8811,298
1,1161,5611,9542,9412,631
2,2223,0832,0812,3512,6992.568
I,000bushels
21,67815,01,615,92419,11825,17418,531
22,33438,31,631,22016 , 56310,5208,107
10,9006,6536,77012,7798,402
II, 829
11,27012,94015,09928.13918,537
11.38419,51319,51120,62723 , 79327,636
Dollars
1.613
1,000 1,000
1,074
2.8121.9391.9252.082
2.265
708579568
415
13.9298,6619.4387,8806,9385,289
4,875
Dollars
1.368
2.1792.1252.0811.655
2.827
448 4,947
4.407
S.5753.1132.310
1 6791.8071.2341.2871.972
2.275
1.4231.167.956
1.015
1.8791.8841.8112.0O9
2.345
2.458
Year
Oats for grain
Acreagehar
vested
274
Production
275
Price perbushel 1
276
Barley for grain
Acreagehar
vested
277
Production
278
Price perbushel 1
279
Flaxseed
Acreagehar
vested
280
Production
Price perbushel >
282
Year
Oats for grain
Acreagehar
vested
Production
275
Price perbushel 1
Barley for grain
Acreagehar-
vseted
277
Production
278
Price perbushel 1
279
1905.1904.1903.1902.1901.
1900.1899.1899.1898.1897.1896.
1895.1894.1893.1892.1891.
1890.1889.1889.1888.1887.1886.
1886.1884.
1,000acres
33,42632,74982,18731,35880,891
81,04929, SW29,25429.32728,82980,248
30,90529,55629,26628,16827,756
28,27538,31128,69727,80726,27224,426
23,36121,974
1,000bushels
1,104,3951,011,556885,469
1,076,899799,812
946,4889*3. S89937,173842,205:829,525774,929
924,858750,009707,129721,824836,789
609,122809,351831,047773,139696,175682,312
674,151640,620!
Dollars
0.288309337.305.397
.268
.245
.251
.210
.183
.198
.320289.315.306
.417
.219
.270
.297
.289
.279
.272
1,000acres
6,6586,5796,2315,4744,968
4,703*.*704,4724,1134,1204,131
4,1853,6393,6893,8573,590
3,2503,3313,8523,2833,2588,027
2,8622,694
1,000bushels
171,639166,103149,335146,207123,800
96,588119,635118,16198,174102,57597,479
104,47574,21187,10995,17094,160
69,88078,33380,79075,98072,39573,503
63,96367,919
Dollars
0.394.412.447.453.454
.407
.388
.389
.343
.296
.828
.437
.402466.522
.621
.415591.520.531
.557
.483
1,000acres
2,4392,0923,1803,8788,178
2,7623,1112,1021,8891,3651.848
2,0391,4571,2871,4232,040
2.2831,3191.344
1,000bushels
28,69222,62525,36036.08027,605
16,01719,97919,96918.51613,23817,738
21,41410,49010,42111,80716,732
19,17610,36010,61410,0009,80010,000
9,3009,500
Dollars
0.848.993.818
1.061
1883...1882...1881...
1880...1879...1879...1878...1877...1876...
1875...1874...1878...1872...1871...
1870.1869.1869.1868.1867.1866.
1,000acres
20,62119,07516,916
16,414
16, US15,95515.83014,81614,589
13,61612,77612,01011,78911,061
10,348
9,5558,8978,1767,935
1819.18*9.1839.
1,000bushels
606,576540,462446,126
417,942W.H59415,440443,365435,330327,212
364,967272,501306,906326,759306,218
267,947383,107284.004229 , 676222,605282,360
173,6*31*6,581,133,071
Dollars
0.324.871.455
.849
326.240.288
.849
.867
.520
.374
.322
.385
.426
1,000acres
2,4742,4342,201
1,9901,9981.9261,8481.9621,973
702628473421348
1,331
.461
.541
.587
.474
1,2381,0641,058754
1,000bushels
57,12660,07248,984
45,261
W.99742,36937,44839 , 17340,711
32,81236,12530 , 53632,00527,690
29,04739,76129,09923,20023 , 85018,095
15,8366,1671.163
Dollars
0.689.631.819
.688
.599
.584633.685
.86696296S.738.771
.868
""872'1.4901.218.952
1,000
8.6008,6007,800
7,5007,1707,1717.0007,0005,800
5,4005,4004,8003,4002,800
2,4001,7302,1002,0001,9001,800
5675 62
1 Season average price received by farmers, 1908-1957; Dec. 1 price prior to 1908.
298
CROPS K 286-294
Series K 286-294. Rice, Rye, and Buckwheat Acreage, Production, and Price: 1866 to 1957
[Census figures in italic*]
Rice Rye for grain Buckwheat
YearAcreageharvested
ProductionPrice per100 lbs.'
Acreageharvested
ProductionPrice perbushel'
Acreageharvested
ProductionPrice perbushel'
286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294
1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000InulkUacres cwt. Dollars acres butkelt Dollars acres Dollars
1967 1,340 42,936 5.11 1.672 27, 248 1.08 109 1,871 1.101956 1,569 49,459 4.86 1,623 21,155 1.16 110 2,032 1.19
1,826 65,902 4.80 2.049 29,055 1.06 112 1,984 1.171854— *.m 68,284 *.M 1, UO 81,844 1 .99 1 98 2,277 .871954 2,550 64,193 4.66 1,795 25.935 1.20 150 2,692 .9841958 2,169 52,884 6.19 1,430 18,894 1.81 178 8,199 .9111952 1,997 48.193 6.87 1,393 16,146 1.78 168 3,232 1.411951 1,996 46,089 4.82 1,722 21,517 1.64 199 3,296 1.40
1950 1,687 88.820 5.09 1,753 21,408 1.82 253 4,424 1.111,S1» 40,244 4. Si IMS 16,568 1.99 286 4,818 .841,868 40,769 4.10 1,654 18,102 1.21 269 4,966 .963
1948 1,804 38,275 4.88 2,058 25,886 1.46 380 6.086 1.121,708 85,217 6.97 1,991 26,497 2.26 606 7,177 1.90
1946 1,582 32,497 6.00 1,597 18,487 1.92 383 6.812 1.48
1945 1,499 30,668 8.98 1,850 23,708 1.35 401 6,467 1.19ttu 1 ,884 29,270 8.91 t,ots tl ,848 1.091944 1,480 30,974 8.93 2,182 22.525 1.09 608 8,966 1.011943 1,472 29,264 3.96 2,652 28,680 .982 606 8.880 1.26
1,457 29,082 8.61 8,792 52,929 .603 875 6,686 .8461941 1,214 23,095 3.01 3,573 43,878 .542 337 6,088 .674
1940 1,069 24,495 1.80 3,204 39,725 .420 388 6,476 .5381939 851 19,713 1.64 8,556 36, 844 .440 861 6,689 .621989 1,046 24,328 1.62 3,822 38,662 .439 370 6,786 .622
1988 1,076 23,628 1.42 4,087 55,984 .338 448 6,763 .539
1987 1.099 24,040 1.46 3,825 48,862 .686 421 6,808 .667
1986 981 22,419 1.85 2,694 24,239 .812 379 6,440 .861
1986 817 17,753 1.60 4,066 66,938 .398 506 8,488 .5482Mi 706 n,ssi 1.71 1.9H le.tsi .7*0
812 17,571 1.76 1,921 16,286 .720 476 8,994 .6851988 798 16,943 1.73 2,405 20,678 .627 460 7.816 .5581982 874 18,729 .930 3,350 39,099 .280 454 6,727 .4841981 965 20,076 1.08 8,169 82,777 .841 507 8,910 .428
1980 966 20,218 1.74 3,646 45,383 .444 574 6,967 .7881989 741 IS, Oil t.is 8,088 Si, 303 .860 622 8,359 .961929 860 17,790 2.22 3,138 85,411 .857 629 8,710 .9621928 972 19,725 2.03 3,320 88,065 .836 679 10,117 .8981927 1,027 20,024 2.02 3,466 61.196 .885 764 12,820 .8721926 1,016 18,911 2.61 3,427 34,968 .830 679 10,976 .875
1925 868 14,866 3.30 8,807 42,418 .791 742 12 . 559 .8711884 744 18,286 t.to 8,744 88,674 1.040 717 13,00i 1.07
1924 888 14,689 2.99 3,943 68,470 .958 787 12,608 1.076
1923 874 14,957 2.49 4,946 66,091 .694 689 11,596 .968
1,063 18,748 2.19 6,770 101.142 .639 729 11,776 .8931921 990 17,678 2.18 4,865 61,206 .841 640 11,822 .881
1920 1,299 23,242 2.48 4,843 62,113 1.469 729 12,193 1.254
1919 811 16,899 8. it 7,679 76 , 99t 1 .530 748 19,690 1.55
1919 1,083 19,810 6.46 7,187 78.849 1.459 733 12,707 1.690
1918 1,101 17,999 8.99 6,709 83,586 1.497 1,018 14,404 1.640
1917 963 16,621 4.26 6,064 60.881 1.738 926 13,605 1.674
1916 843 17,795 2.19 3,528 43,089 1.124 786 10,302 1.267
1916 740 11,748 1.86 3,417 46,762 .839 754 12,528 .816
1914 646 10,565 1.98 3,144 42,120 .819 762 12,919 .807
1918 722 10,894 1.98 3,089 40,390 .610 774 10,208 .763
1912 648 10,665 1.98 2,724 87,911 .651 804 16,096 .679
1911 636 10,198 1.76 2,462 31,396 .807 806 18,888 .758
1910 666 11,129 1.47 2,262 29,098 .729 840 14,636 .675
610 9,8*7 1 .89 9,196 99,690 .690 878 14.848 .68
662 10,614 1.76 2,212 30,083 .780 871 14,762 .723
1908 696 10.079 1.80 2,130 28,650 .728 842 14,676 .777
563 9,338 1.91 2,078 28,247 .726 833 14,225 .699
1906 605 7,999 2.01 2,154 29,609 .685 821 14,806 .594
1905 467 7,217 2.10 2,297 81 , 173 .603 825 16,997 .683
1904 674 8,647 1.46 2,206 28,461 .692 831 15,489 .625
1903 647 8,590 2,260 28,932 .586 824 14.263 .608
1902 646 6,541 2,444 83 , 862 .600 810 13,647 .596
1901 423 6,702 2,409 80,778 .650 807 15,146 .663
1900 861 4,407 2,127 27,418 .501 791 11,709 .668
1899 Sit 4.081 8,084 25,569 .480 807 11,284 .51
1899 338 4,029 2,069 26,001 .495 803 11 , 197 .561
1898 314 8,787 2,204 29,044 .441 794 12,187 .448
1897 290 3,084 2,328 31.129 .426 827 14,318 .419
1896 270 2,840 2,699 81,852 .369 856 13,791 .890
1895 292 8,841 2,400 29,614 .407 801 12,426 .458
1894 2,166 26,758 .488 805 11,024 .651
1893 2,162 26.700 .496 806 10,330 .684
1892 2,239 28,718 .537 840 12,119 .622
1891 2,180 29,569 .772 829 12,868 .571
1 Season average price received by farmers, 1908-1957; Dec. 1 price prior to 1908.
299
K 286-297 AGRICULTURE
Series K 286-294. Rice, Rye, and Buckwheat Acreage, Production, and Price: 1866 to 1957—Con.
[Census figures in italics]
Year
Rye for grain
Acreageharvested
Production
Price perbushel 1
291
Buckwheat
Acreageharvested
292
Production
293
Price perbushel 1
Year
Rye for grain
Acreageharvested
289
Production
Price perbushel 1
291
Buckwheat
Acreageharvested
292
Production
189018891889188818871886
18851884188318821881
1880187918791878
2,116f ,1722,2482,1811,9851,918
1,8972,1002.1232,0801,749
1,752t,8kt1,8251,905
1.000bushels
26,378t8,Ul29 , 52428,44022,53023,854
21,71426,62725,40726,74719,181
19,30619,83*19,78921,756
Dollars
0.623
.420
.592
.535
.530
580534.584.631.917
.746
1,000acres
821S3 7
.674
.545
812799802
826782804800800
818818842
I,000bushels
II, 979It, 11011,6549,7299,66610,771
11,56710,1397,14310,6788,678
11,00911,81711,74212,000
Dollars
0.673
1,000 1,000
. 509,629.566.543
.660
.584
.820728.867
.592
.596
1877.1876.
1875.1874.1873.1872.1871.
1870.1889.1869.1868.1867.1866.
1,8441,770
1,6471,5681.5531,5631,588
1,559
1,6311,6201,6491,509
21,86019,266
16,92717,30516,14116,77616,975
15,63718,91917,90617,21819,59517,619
Dollars
0.606.680
.769
.856
. 757
.744
.787
.806
1,000
815
747751769725
739
.8731.2021.3121.058
761781811772
1 Season average price received by farmers, 1908-1957; Dec. 1 price prior to 1908.
Series K 295-297. Sugarcane Acreage, Production, and Price: 1909 to 1957
1,000
11,8549,613
10,99110.03110,37010,3379,271
9,2499,8tt10,43710,52011,18411,861
[Census figures in italics]
Acreageharvested
Production,rawsugar
296
Price perton
297
Year
Produe-Acreage tion,harvested raw
sugar
295 296
Price perton
297
Year
Acreageharvested
Production,rawsugar
296
1957 (prel.)1956
19651961
1954195319521961
1960
19i91949194819471946
1946
19U19441948
1,000acres
258.6233.1
266.8t78.6285.6324.5817.8296.9
310.4819.6315.6309.2293.6286.8
266.4t«9.1278.1284.2
1,000tons
532561
574
610630605
419
664
521477377425
475
437497
Dollars
6.908.04
6.616.706.957.256.966.87
7.808.008.255.76
'4.95'4.67
1942
1941
194019391939193819371936
19351934193319321931
193019191929192819271926
1,000acres
290.2254.8
240.1
U7.9254.1296.2286 2243.6
253.1235.8211.4220.6182.1
18719619113078128.0
1,000tons
458416
332
506584459438
882262250265184
215
2181367248
Dollars
4.403 95
2.842.712.903.67
3.152 333 142 983.21
3.318.768.733.864.614.92
19251924192319221921
19201919191819171916
1915191419131912
1911
19101909
1,000acres
190.0163.0217.5242.5228.9
189.3180.0234.1246 0227.3
184.0216.6255.0205.0817.1
311.0292.0
1,000tons
142
90168302334
180125290251317
141252307166368
362338
1 Includes average support payments 1945, $1.50; 1944, $.83; 1943, $.34.
300
CROPS K 298-306
Series K 298-306. Hay, Cotton, and Cottonseed Acreage, Production, and Price: 1790 to 1957
[Census figures in italics]
Year
Hay I
Acreageharvested
ProductionPrice per
i
Cotton
Acreage
301
PriceStocks,Aug. li
inning balProduction
1,000
1957.1956.
1955.1954-1954.1953.1952.1951.
1950.1949.1949.1948.1947.1946.
1945. .1SU--1944..1943..1942..1941..
73,43173,302
75,86069,94073,72174,99775,14775,063
75,15065, 63172,82171,81774,66673,741
76,697
1,000
120,977108.680
112.737103,597107,834108,245106,386109,502
103,82088,99996,99096,172100,57699,518
107,438
Dollars
18.5021.20
20.9022.2222.0022.1024.8023.00
21.4021.1721.2023.6022.3020.90
19.30
1939.1939.1938.1937.1936.
1935.1931.1934.1933.1932.1931.
1930.1 929.1929.1928.1927.1926.
1925.
19H.1924.
192ll
1919..1919..1918..1917..1916..
1915..1914- .1913..1912..1911.
1910.1909.
19081907..
1905..1904 -.1903..
1901 .
77,63977,00474,82773,136
73,05865,97969,24368,17566,001
67,732
68,55068,62565,38768,43970,41268,160
67,94767,82869,53167,18572,13168,795
70,10574, 09674.45973 , 54575,43278,070
78,03372,78073,15671,90971,01772,918
69,51867,33766,87367,39565,885
68,33268,22768,70361,48749,83348,650
48,33347,48046,65044,71648,555
42.48813,12743,39543,08342,39640,971
41,15341,86442,08341,32840,350
102 , 889103,128107,71795,754
96,05082,1,1386,53391,42083,00270,014
90,36464,08460,48575,07283,72175,203
74,52785,28187,85783,84298,15176,025
78,832
91,45489,41895,15284,821
91,66890,35692,48782,28885,02498,633
91,43682,60577,02286,06664,574
75,18487,21687,17271,64266,27160,391
66,56365,55263,64759,09853,098
49,84353,82853,97560,41655,82650,626
40,48147,78153,45152,74651 , 139
20.9018.6013.7012.20
9.82
10.206.788.7411.16
7.52
13.208.096.208.73
11.10
10.9011.3010.3013.30
12.80
12.7013.1011.6011.60
16.50
20.9019.6016.5011.10
10.3010.6011.4010.8014.10
11.70
10.209.0811.6010.40
8.498.829.189.059.88
9.78
8.206.527.217.60
9.638.989.488.788.65
1,000
13,55815,615
16,92818,85819,25124,34125,92126,949
17 , 84326,59927 , 43922,91121,33017,584
17,029
19,61721,61022,60222,236
23,86122,81123,80524,24833,62329,755
27,50926,75426 , 86629,38335,89138,704
42,444US, 22743,23242,43438,34244,608
44,38659,20439,50135,55031,36128,678
34,408M.74032,90635,03832,24533,071
29,95135.61535,20632 , 55734,916
31,50852,04430,55531,09130,72931,404
27,75330,07727,76227,56127,050
24,88624,27524,16324,71525,13123,230
19,83921,88620.25618,86921,503
1,000baits
10,96413,310
14,72112,92113,69616,46515.13915,149
10,01475,41916,12814,87711,8608,640
9,01511,81012,23011,42712,81710,744
12,56611 ,48111,81711,94318,94612,399
10,6389,4729,63613,04713,00317,097
13,93214,57414,82514,47712,95617,978
16,10513,68313,63010,1409,7557,945
13.42911 ,37611,41112,01811,28411.448
11,17216,11214,15313,70315,694
11,60910,64910,00513,24111,10613,274
10,57613,4389,85110,6309,508
10,1249,5859,34611,27810.8998,533
7,1629,9017,4936,7009,035
Cents
>29.6531.75
32.3333.8533.6132.2534.5937.88
40.0728.7028.5830.3831.9332.64
22.52
20.7319.9019.0517.03
9.89
9.098.608.41
12.36
11.09
12.3610 176.525.66
9.46
16.7817.9820.1912.47
19.61
22.9128.6922.8817.00
15.89
85.3428.8827.0917.36
11.227.3512.4711.609.65
13.96
13.528.6910.369.58
10.788.9810.497.607.03
9.15
6.985.736.686.66
7.624.697.008.347.24
1,000bales
11.32314 , 529
11,205
1.000tons
9,7285,6052,7892,278
6,846
6,2873,0802,5307,326
11,164
4,6095,407
6,0435.4185,7096,7486,1906,286
4,1056,4106,5595.9454,6823,514
3,664
10,74410.65710,64012 , 166
10,564
4,9024,6885.2024,553
5,286
13,03311,5384.4995,409
7,208
4.8694,9507,8445,472
4,634
7,7448,1659,6786,370
4,530
4,2565,5115,8157,810
6,028
2,3122,5363,7623,543
1,610
6,4066,3196,7587,989
7,150
1,5562,3253,3226,896
3,824
6,0504.5034,3303,528
5.966
4,4453,5092,7203,140
3,9361,3661,5111,6521,275
940
5,0695,3415,0125,085
4,9637.1556,2866,0876,970
5,156
1,4691,1611,4651,299
4,4425,8834,9315,898
4,7005,9674,3794,7294,226
4,500
4,1525,1204,8788,778
8,1744,4483,2972,9663,967
end of table.
301
K 298-309 AGRICULTURE
Series K 298-306. Hay, Cotton, and Cottonseed Acreage, Production, and Price: 1790 to 1957—Con.
[Census figures in italics]
Year
Hay '
Acreageharvested
298
Production
299
Price perton »
300
Cotton
Acreageharvested
301
Production
302
Price perpound 1
Cottonseed
production
305
Year
Cottonproduction
Year
Cottonproduction!
302
Year
Cottonproduction
1890.1889.1889.1888.1887.1886.
1885.1884.1883.1882.1881.
1880.1879.1879.1878.1877.1876.
1875.1874.1878.1872.1871.
1870.1869.1868.1867.1866.
1,000acre*
39,613
1,000tons
50,548
38 , 86737.41136,48085,771
34,50733,44832.07730,37328,619
27,011
50,31247,17741,55944,876
42,96043.06643,91039,47135,490
32,522
26,64125.62724,74923,986
22,66221,86121 , 59721,08120,270
19,71919,31019 , 56818,64118,250
30,61833.27530,45428,796
25,52224 , 53723,90323 . 86822,215
21,30824 , 50323 . 19823,20921,298
Dollars
8.11
7.749.2410.098.72
10.078.998.779.9912.25
11.82
9.637.328.729.80
12.7513.8514.4016.3516.57
14.4512.7613.9014.3014.48
I,000acres
20,937to, 17520,19119 . 52018,79318,370
17,92216,84916,29515,63816,483
16,921
n.w14,47413 , 53912.606II, 747
11,34810,75310.9989,5808,285
9,2387.7516,9737,6847.666
1,000bales
8,653
7,4736,9387,0476,505
6,6765,6825,7136,9495,456
6,606
5,7566,0744,7734,474
4,6313,836
16K
,933,974
4,3523,0112,3662,5202,097
Cents
8.59
8.558.508.558.06
8.399.199.139.1210.66
9.83
10.288.168.539.71
11.13141617.
12.16
1,000tons
3,3183,0743,0562,802
2.8282,4272,4503,0332,280
2,822
2,4252,1061,9941,826
1,9091,5671,7181,6211,223
1,7861,118974
1,042864
18651864186318621861
186018591859185818571856
18561854185318521851
185018191849184818471846
184518441843184218411840
1.000bales
2,094299449
1,5974,491
3,8415,8874.5088,7583,0122,874
3,2212,7082,7663,1302,799
2,136t.i692,0662,6152,1281,604
1,8062,0791,7502,0351,3981,348
18S91839183818371836
18351834183318321831
18301829182818271826
18251824182318221821
18201819181818171816
18151814
1,000bales
1,9761,6541,0931,4281,129
1,062962931816805
732764680565732
533450387439377
335349262212259
146
1,000
181318121811
18101809180818071806
18051804180318021801
18001799179817971796
17951794179317921791
1790
157157167
178172157167167
146136126115100
7342312321
17171064
1 AU hay, 1909-1957; tame hay prior to 1909.• Season average price for 1909-1957 ;Dec. 1 average price prior to 1909.
price 1909-1938. baled 1989-1967.Loose hay
1 Includes allowance for unredeemed loans.
Series K 307-309. Tobacco Acreage, Production, and Price: 1866 to 1957
19571956
19551954195319521951
19501949194819471946
19451944194319421941
19401939193819371936
19351934193319321931
1930192919281927
Acreageharvested
1,1221,364
1,4951,6681.6331,7721,780
1,5991,6231,5541,8521,960
1,8211,7501.4581,3771,807
1,4102,0001.6011,7531,441
1,4391,2731,7391,4051,988
2,1241,9801.8641,556
Production
1,000 pounds
1,667,5442,175,556
2.1922,2432,0592,2562,331
2,0291,9691,9792,1072,314
,852,735,230.073,585
.557,100,581160807
1,991,1081,950,9401,406,1901.408.3941,261,839
1,460,4411,880,6291,385,5731,569,0231,162,838
1.302,041'1,084,5891,871.9651.018,0111,565,088
1,648,0371,532,6761,373,2141.21}, 311
Price perpound 1
Cents
56.153.7
53.251.152 349.961 1
61.745.948.243.646.1
42.642.040.536 926.4
16 115.419.620.423 6
18.421.313.010.58.2
12.818.320.020.7
Year
1926
19251924192319221921
19201919191819171916
19151914191319121911
19101909190819071906
19051904190319021901
19001899189818971896
Acreageharvested
307
1,000 acres
1,628
1,7511,7021,8551,6161,340
1,9351,9591,7201,6161.483
1,4191,2581,2841,3351,133
1,3981,2921,0091,0421,123
1,1031,0261,2121,1891,098
1,0861,1021,116978
1,038
Production
308
1,000
1,289,272
1.376,0081,244.9281,617,5831,254,3041,004,928
1.509,2121,444,2061,444,5051,325,5301,206,785
1,157,4251,036.746991,605
1,117,415940,985
1,142,3201,053,818835,646885 , 620972,510
938.866856,595976,375959,506885,550
851,980870,250909,090708,276760,035
Price perpound 1
309
Cents
17.9
16.819.019.022.819.5
17.381.227.924.014.8
9.09.712.810.79.3
9.810.110.210.09.6
8.27.8
6.17.4
6.5
Year
18951894189318921891
18901889188818871886
18851884188318821881
18801879177818771876
18761874187318721871
18701869186818671866
Acreageharvested
307
1,006993
1,0961,039955
851758891722848
815754750744698
650633651789625
746378513492420
424395369370394
Production
308
1,000 pounds
745,000766,870766,670766,846747,460
647,535524.550660,790468.780608,616
610,500679,785509,825678,970425,905
469,895472,165456,395620,770466,050
609,455217,840382,430384,790826,620
345,045264,000285,795260,195816,496
Pricepoun
Cents
6.86 6
7.98 98.2
7.58,18,88.59 6
8 1
6 15 85 47.3
7.113.78.610.710.2
9.710 912 211.611 6
1 Season average 1919-1956; Dec. 1 price, prior to 1919. 1 Includes 26,500,000 pounds, that were not utilized due to AAA program.
302
VEGETABLES K 310-315
Series K 310-315. Irish Potatoes and Sweetpotatoes Acreage, Production, and Price: 1849 to 1957
[Census figures in italics. Prices are those received by growers]
Irish potatoes
Acreageharvested
Production
311
Price percwt. '
312
Sweetpotatoes
Acreageharvested
313
Production
Price percwt. 1
315
Year
Irish potatoes
Acreageharvested
310
Production
311
Price per
cwt. 1
312
Sweetpotatoes
Acreageharvested
Production
Price percwt. 1
1,000acres
1,8831,386
1,4141,2111,4131.5361,3971,348
1,698
1.5H1.7561,9812,0012,527
2,664t,5372,7803,2392,6712,693
2,832
».«**2,8132,8703,0552,960
3,4693,5823,5993,4233,5683,490
3,139
*.»u3.0303,4993,1822,811
2,8102,9113,1063.3783,9018,698
3,3013,2523,3003,5973,8013,274
3,4338,4178,4778,5053,532
1,000cwt.
239,539243,716
227,046£01,, US219,547231,679211,095195,776
269,112219, 801240,950269,937233.391292,889
251,639tlS,9t8230,356275,332221,339218,418
226,1522*0,054205,423213,609225,869194,873
227,33721,2,052243,889205,922224,816230,690
206,290198,150200,035256,349221,786192,964
177,880211,1,77230,500219,814249,224195,187
221,342
17K,257178,405207,668239 , 192162,233
206,066220,949199.468243,729181,628
Dollars
1.932.01
1.792.172.161.333.25
• 2.71
1.53t.lS2.132.662.682.03
2.33t.iS2.452.131.901.31
.8771.181.16.912.863
1.88
.978
.800
.7801.87.625
.761
1.52t.lS2.18.887
1.702.18
2.831.071.141.541.101.88
2.088.873.231.982.082.55
1.14.932
1.14.928
1.57
1,000acres
281284
341161332343322312
489392472455547
687
646673726857687731
648696728793768
944967959
9071,059864
670650647636724
646
6361,67564
674817
817
76780S791738725
668
627572596686603
1,000
cwt.
17,46716,920
20,94615,06817,19818,99816,04015,998
27,269t1,68324 , 80423 , 70227,30333,454
33,692
Si, 80937,53839,12836 , 00834,884
28,43482,26233,95937,73287,47932,871
44,687
±2,89042,72241,04047,62737,023
80,01785,86636,75832,54838,99384,815
27,67620,591,24,68635.12943,10140,689
42,349it, 95143,05037,72040,02233,860
34,78329,78030,79931,15430,407
Dollars
4.184.04
3.34
i.534.444.576.176.57
3.14
3.8i8.894.008.933.93
3.69f .408.468.752.161.68
1.551.361.331.271.421.67
1.22l.*71.371.24.853
1.22
1.931.892.042.071.932.07
2.962.622.712.181.762.02
2.532.912.962.892.361.79
1.881.691.501.601.72
1910.1909.1909.1908.1907.1906.
1905.1904.1903.1902.1901.
1900.1899.1899.1898.1897.1896.
1895.1894.1893.1892.1891.
1890.1889.1889.1888.1887.1886.
1885.1884.1883.1882.1881.
1880.1879.1879.1878.1877.1876.
1875.1874.1878.1872.1871.
1870.1869.1869.1868.1867.1866.
1859.181,9.
1,000acres
3,6443,8693,6753,4178,3333,254
3,2633,2083,0798,0772,960
2,9972,9392,9392,8772,809
8,0902,8692,6142,5192,633
2,5572,6012,6032,6042,4662,393
2.3352,3072,3732,2162,036
1.968
1.9611,8791,8781.788
1,7891,6541,5431,5591,496
1,4791.4001,2891,225
1,000cwt.
205,231233,517284,100183,148199,875204,876
180,421209,695165,770177,941124,447
155,813183,991163,641144,209118,904157,641
181,269118,614122,534114.120168,170
102,065130,528130,760143,78596,769117,046
118,286124,789136,253118,39076,544
99,095101,675101,66386.018
104,22173,667
107,88778,66877,69880,14480,833
64,72688,00286,75972,17559,79866,969
66 , 66039,1,79
Dollars
0.980.716.947
1.161.01.845
1.02.755
1.02.790
1.28
.717
.600
.668
.703
.922
.483
.448
.892
.9831.10.602
1.26
CO.598.652
1.15.758
.788
.637
.688
.9081.52
.803
(').720.975.743
1.10
.6381.121.16.997.963
1.18
(').848
1.811.611.11
1,000acres
68464!724621596585
574570565558558
542537531547531557
545548545544537
681525521515494481
474476470469441
469
451479454460
426406392379375
352
351325
I,000cwt.
83,17032,57832,44734,26431,53331,762
32,20830,53329,07926,93626 , 486
25,12623,38523,23527,90922,87323,101
24,68727,32225,08825,50026,175
24,73021,, 17324.62824.66121,19021,484
22,06117,80717,10822,95813,656
22,07018,35818,61821,28719,35821,018
17,88516.58218,29814.93116.451
17,001II, 91,012,49215,706
23,15221,01,7
i average price 1909-1967; Dec. 1 price, 1866-1908. s Not available.
303
K 316-328 AGRICULTURE
Series K 316-328. Apples, Peaches, Pears, Grapes, Oranges, and Grapefruit Production and Price: 1889 to 1957
[Census figures in italics. Prices are season average returns to growers]
Apples
Production
Total
1,000
109,038
135,968
150,093
125,440201,459116,827
174,407
12i,237128,203148,640146,809205,404
156.623ne, 1,33135,102177,813115,708229,656
152,424152,967160,457180,915189.42595,638
206,688136,561140.632161,484155.365181,215
201,720233,351135.104225,029210,447
139,915liS.ilt145,388148.940119,560216,720
136,220233.630195,680212,330135.500
205,930175,398175,324118,061163,728282,600
219,600134,648114,778120,636198,907
80,142US, 106142,974
Commercial 1
317
1,000bushels118,548100,623
107,157
"111^765'95,36894,415111.369
124,477
134,00289,330112,892118,901
66,686
121,26687,310
126,707122,217
111,436
139,247105,718153 , 16998,025
140,398
106,005
Price perbushel
318
Dollars1.862.35
1.952.222.252.572.431.74
1.63
1 -i31.382.221.792.30
2.90
2.002 391.37.96
XII
.64
.82
.641.04
.72
.88
.79
.61
.64
1.03
1.391.091.48.88
1.26
1.231.10
1 64
1.24
1.781.281.11.82
.68
.57
6X
X0
.78
Peaches
Production
319
1,000bushels61,51870,209
51,85255, 12562,07664,42762,43263,203
49,954
55, i5768,67260,61476,42782,854
79,23168,01178,08642,76166,72075,863
57,83266,57764,22253,92260,04948,756
55,440
U,7i848,60246,14144,10877,846
56,392ii ,82745,35866,64543,85367,267
46,101.47,75562,50445,66558,82133,479
45,26850,68652,56087,91347,54437,543
60,36252,34541,74149,35832,710
43,68235,1,7035,3234X . 1 13
22 , 52444,101
36,63141,06728,84787,82846,442
49,43515,1,33
15,430
36,368
Price perbushel
Dollars2.142.12
2.181.972.011.902.002.02
2.041 .451.472.011 642.11
2.23
86695091
79
.82
.771.041.00
S7
B0.60
1 00
1 491.031.251.06
1.57
1.311.491.401.53
2.18
1.861.671.341.08
1 00
B8
Pears
Production
321
1,000bushels81,67632,322
29.62226,77129,53627,85229,52428,871
28,62226,89932 , 89624,98434,05233,438
32,52127,78831,07124,23930,24429,129
29 , 59021,, 98129,27931,70429,21227,326
25,94326,57928,09524,01024,51325,280
27,16719,52021,72624,49118,26624,484
20,172
18,72417,32920,48711,562
17,47511,20114,89113,40013,79812,323
12,44313,01710,80813,13312,214
11,0348,81,19,185
3,061,
Price perbushel
Dollars1.592.27
2.132.062.112.031.722.43
2.141 .361.222.581.972.45
2.17
2.182.361.551.03
.74
74
.577679
7-1
XII
6849.77
84
1 711.221.561.02
1.48
1.571.371.071.76
1.66
Grapes
Production
Price perbushel
324
Tons2,598,7502,912,250
3,241,3502,1,17,9252,562,9002,689,500" 156,5003,378,100
2,677,9002,509,3282,614,2003,061,0003,020,0003,137,300
2,766,7502,620,0172,695,8002,965,2502,395,5002,724,900
2,466,4502,201,, 7272,448,9502,671,1502,726.1501,897,350
2,477,4501, 865,11,31,957,6001,938,6502,232.6501,647,300
2.457,5001,91,1,6992,086,1002,653,0002,591,7002,383,700
2,199,700
1,774.2502,226,1002,084,0001,268,000
1,520,4001,258,1,201,574,1501,316,7001,425,7001,266,950
1,268,0001,214,800987,600
1,197,0001,174,650
967,5001,132,5331,133,250
650, 1,92
Dollars62.4051.40
42.8050.0050.9047.9039.8040 00
68.201,0.0036.2039.0039.8093.60
59.00
78.6062.2035.6024.10
17.20
15.9014.5020.4021.40
14.90
19.8018.0013.4022.60
19.50
27.3020.1027.0026.40
33.10
37?90'
Oranges 3
Production !
325
1,000boxes111,155136,705
137,015138,186135,725130,870125.080122 , 590
121,710106,258108,476104,120114,510118,540
104,350
113,210106,65189 , 34985,163
85,510
75,74278,53174,28554,538
52,073
63,98847,17451,61549,902
55,060
31,82956,21832,73639,636
34,755
29,96038,30032 , 56922,668
33,385
24,80924,31512,26727,015
23,64725,40725,88813 , 57019,223
20,678
Price perbox '
Dollars3.062.06
2.401.951 941.941.721.51
1.972.112.221.741.301.55
2.93
2.692.642.471.56
1.18
95.77
1.76
1.51
1.151.39.88
1.22
1.35
3.B91.643.732.52
2.67
2.861 441.962.94
1 86
3 112.813.451.33
1.471 091 011 451.24
1.18
1.03
Grapefruit
Production
327
1,000boxes39.78044,780
45,38015,72942 , 19048,37038,36040,500
46,58031,01036,50045,53061,63059,520
63,450
52,18056 , 09050,48140,261
42,883
35,19243 , 59431,13330,670
18,347
21,34714,67215,00415,181
18,690
11,21513,2368,9209,753
8,550
9,0238,2897,103
6,234
6,2953,8802.2272,688
2,5592,5392,3072,0851,214
1,236
1,119
1 Estimates of the commercial crop refer to the production in the commercial appleareas of each State and include fruit produced for sale to commercial processors aswell as for sale for fresh consumption.
3 Includes tangerines.' Kelatea to crop from the bloom of the year shown. In California the picking
season usually extends from Oct. 1 to Dec. 81 for oranges, and Oct. 1 to Sept. 30of the following year for grapefruit. In other States the season begins about Oct. 1and ends in early summer.
' Prices are the equivalent per unit returns at the intake packing house door forall methods of sale.
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