Post on 04-Jun-2018
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General Management Topics
Motivation Theories:
Maslows Theory Based on Hierarchy of needs of humanbeing
Frederick Herzbergs Theory
Based on Motivators and Hygiene factors
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Maslows Motivation Theory
Human beings are wanting animalTheir wants become needs
The quest to satisfy their needsdrives or motivates peopleThe needs of humans follow ahierarchy.
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Hierarchy of needs
Once the lowest level need is satisfied,humans seek to satisfy the next higherlevel of needs
The five hierarchy of needs are:Basic survival needs ( Food, clothing, shelter)Safety and security ( Personal safety, Job security)Belonging needs ( Peers acceptance) Ego or self esteem (Awards, recognition )Spiritual or self fulfillment (Charity works, donation)
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Frederick Herzberbs Theory
Frederick Herzberbs Theory ofmotivators and hygiene factors areas follow:Motivators:
AchievementRecognitionThe work itselfResponsibilityAdvancement
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Frederick Herzberbs Theory
Hygiene Factors:Company policy
SupervisionSalaryInterpersonal relationsWorking conditions
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Frederick Herzberbs Theory
The theory is very suitable to motivateproject team members by enhancing themotivators in order to project job
satisfaction and increase productivityThe theory is suitable for professionalssince the conclusion of the theory isbased on research conducted on
Engineers and Accountants
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Decision Making
Numerous decisions must be made duringmanagement of a project that required asignificant amount of time and effort onthe part of the project managementWhile many decisions are routine and canbe made rapidly, others are significantand may have a major impact on thequality, cost or schedule of a projectGood decisions cannot be made unlessthe primary objectives and goals that areto be accomplished are known andunderstood
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Decision Making
Most of the project decisions are made internally,which can be managed relatively easySome decisions are made externally by owners orregulatory agencies, particularly in the review andapproval processEarly in the project, the project manager mustidentify those activities that require externaldecisions so the appropriate information will beprovided and the person can be identified who will
be making the decision
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Decision Making
Establish policies regarding the authorityfor decisionAvoid crisis decisions although many
decisions are made under pressureGather all pertinent information, forecastpotential outcomes, think and then usethe best judgment to make the decision
Decisiveness is required of a projectmanager to gain the respect of the teammembers
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Decision Making
Indecision can create tension andcause many things to happen suchas:
Dont know what to do Work is not doneCause waste of time, telent and
resourcesFrustrationLow productivity
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Time Management
Time must be spent in a most productiveand effective mannerMaintain a time log of how major portionof ones tine is spent Tasks that are the least interesting can beschedule at the peak of ones energy Delegate well planned long term works toothers
Set priorityAttend to the importance and not theurgent First Things First Approach
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First Things First Approach
A principle-centered approach to timemanagement that empowers rather thandrain you
Written by Steven CoveyEvaluate things most important to youand then create a personal missioncentred on those things
Learn to set weekly goals, scheduledthem and then implement themBreak away from the urgency mindset
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First Things First Approach
First Things FirstApproach
Traditional TimeManagement
Focuses on long-termelimination of aproblems root causes
Focus on quick relieffrom the symptomsof a problem
Encourageseffectiveness
Encourages efficiency
Eliminates theunimportance byputting first things
first
Stresses workingharder, faster, more
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First Things First Approach
Focuses on importantactivities
Focuses on urgenttasks
Aligns behaviors andactions with whatsmost important
Advocates controlover other peopleand external forces
Focuses on weeklylife leadership
Focuses on daily timemanagement
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First Things First Approach
Creates realtransformation vianew paradigms,
attitudes, and toolsto implement change
Promotes tacticalchanges viamechanical
techniques
Puts people andrelationships first
Puts schedules first
Organizer based onweekly goals andhigh leverageactivities
Planner based ondaily tasks and crisismanagement
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Communication
Oral , written and non verbal, signal, telephone, fax, sms, e-mailCommunication is of no value unless it is both received andunderstoodMaintain a record of telephone conversations
Individual telephone lofMajor telephone log
Practice good speaking skills:Clear, coherent, to the point, organized and systematic thoughtsMust know the objectives of the communication
To give informationTo get informationTo make decisionTo persuade someone
Listening is an important part of communicationObtain feedback during communication
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The seven habits
The seven habits of highly effectivepeoples is written by Steven Covey
It takes an inside-out approach tobring about changesStart with each individual in theorganization
Organizational behaviour is aconsequence of individual behaviour
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The seven habits (cont.)
5. Seek first to understand, thento be understood the habits ofcommunication6. Synergize the habit ofcreative cooperation7. Sharpen the saw the habit ofself renewal
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Presentation
Oral or writtenPresentation is given for the
audience so should be preparedfrom the audiences point of view Organised in a logical pattern
Problems to solutionUnknown to knownCause to effect
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Presentation
Title (Purpose)Brief overview, present key pointsRepeat key points by selectingalternate words (Mainly for oralpresentation)Define uncommon words or
acronyms ( the first time it is used)Use visual aids OHP, LCD,Computer
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Presentation
Tips on presentationBest to know the audiences
Use simple and direct languageShould not make the audiences feel insecureApologies and negative comments should notbe used
Positive attitude should prevailSummary is needed at the endAllow time for Q&A