General Management Topics

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General Management Topics

Motivation Theories:

Maslows Theory Based on Hierarchy of needs of humanbeing

Frederick Herzbergs Theory

Based on Motivators and Hygiene factors


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Maslows Motivation Theory

Human beings are wanting animalTheir wants become needs

The quest to satisfy their needsdrives or motivates peopleThe needs of humans follow ahierarchy.


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Hierarchy of needs

Once the lowest level need is satisfied,humans seek to satisfy the next higherlevel of needs

The five hierarchy of needs are:Basic survival needs ( Food, clothing, shelter)Safety and security ( Personal safety, Job security)Belonging needs ( Peers acceptance) Ego or self esteem (Awards, recognition )Spiritual or self fulfillment (Charity works, donation)


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Frederick Herzberbs Theory

Frederick Herzberbs Theory ofmotivators and hygiene factors areas follow:Motivators:

AchievementRecognitionThe work itselfResponsibilityAdvancement


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Hygiene Factors:Company policy

SupervisionSalaryInterpersonal relationsWorking conditions


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The theory is very suitable to motivateproject team members by enhancing themotivators in order to project job

satisfaction and increase productivityThe theory is suitable for professionalssince the conclusion of the theory isbased on research conducted on

Engineers and Accountants


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Decision Making

Numerous decisions must be made duringmanagement of a project that required asignificant amount of time and effort onthe part of the project managementWhile many decisions are routine and canbe made rapidly, others are significantand may have a major impact on thequality, cost or schedule of a projectGood decisions cannot be made unlessthe primary objectives and goals that areto be accomplished are known andunderstood


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Decision Making

Most of the project decisions are made internally,which can be managed relatively easySome decisions are made externally by owners orregulatory agencies, particularly in the review andapproval processEarly in the project, the project manager mustidentify those activities that require externaldecisions so the appropriate information will beprovided and the person can be identified who will

be making the decision


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Decision Making

Establish policies regarding the authorityfor decisionAvoid crisis decisions although many

decisions are made under pressureGather all pertinent information, forecastpotential outcomes, think and then usethe best judgment to make the decision

Decisiveness is required of a projectmanager to gain the respect of the teammembers


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Decision Making

Indecision can create tension andcause many things to happen suchas:

Dont know what to do Work is not doneCause waste of time, telent and

resourcesFrustrationLow productivity


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Time Management

Time must be spent in a most productiveand effective mannerMaintain a time log of how major portionof ones tine is spent Tasks that are the least interesting can beschedule at the peak of ones energy Delegate well planned long term works toothers

Set priorityAttend to the importance and not theurgent First Things First Approach


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First Things First Approach

A principle-centered approach to timemanagement that empowers rather thandrain you

Written by Steven CoveyEvaluate things most important to youand then create a personal missioncentred on those things

Learn to set weekly goals, scheduledthem and then implement themBreak away from the urgency mindset


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First Things FirstApproach

Traditional TimeManagement

Focuses on long-termelimination of aproblems root causes

Focus on quick relieffrom the symptomsof a problem

Encourageseffectiveness

Encourages efficiency

Eliminates theunimportance byputting first things

first

Stresses workingharder, faster, more


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Focuses on importantactivities

Focuses on urgenttasks

Aligns behaviors andactions with whatsmost important

Advocates controlover other peopleand external forces

Focuses on weeklylife leadership

Focuses on daily timemanagement


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Creates realtransformation vianew paradigms,

attitudes, and toolsto implement change

Promotes tacticalchanges viamechanical

techniques

Puts people andrelationships first

Puts schedules first

Organizer based onweekly goals andhigh leverageactivities

Planner based ondaily tasks and crisismanagement


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Communication

Oral , written and non verbal, signal, telephone, fax, sms, e-mailCommunication is of no value unless it is both received andunderstoodMaintain a record of telephone conversations

Individual telephone lofMajor telephone log

Practice good speaking skills:Clear, coherent, to the point, organized and systematic thoughtsMust know the objectives of the communication

To give informationTo get informationTo make decisionTo persuade someone

Listening is an important part of communicationObtain feedback during communication


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The seven habits

The seven habits of highly effectivepeoples is written by Steven Covey

It takes an inside-out approach tobring about changesStart with each individual in theorganization

Organizational behaviour is aconsequence of individual behaviour


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The seven habits (cont.)

5. Seek first to understand, thento be understood the habits ofcommunication6. Synergize the habit ofcreative cooperation7. Sharpen the saw the habit ofself renewal


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Presentation

Oral or writtenPresentation is given for the

audience so should be preparedfrom the audiences point of view Organised in a logical pattern

Problems to solutionUnknown to knownCause to effect


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Presentation

Title (Purpose)Brief overview, present key pointsRepeat key points by selectingalternate words (Mainly for oralpresentation)Define uncommon words or

acronyms ( the first time it is used)Use visual aids OHP, LCD,Computer


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Presentation

Tips on presentationBest to know the audiences

Use simple and direct languageShould not make the audiences feel insecureApologies and negative comments should notbe used

Positive attitude should prevailSummary is needed at the endAllow time for Q&A

General Management Topics

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