Post on 31-Mar-2015
APA Referencing
Event Studies
OUTLINE OF SESSION
Frequently Asked Questions 3 Steps in Referencing In-Text References: rules and examples End-Text References: rules and examples 3 Class Exercises3 Written ExercisesIntroduction to the online guide on
APA Referencing
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
FAQs
What is Referencing?Referencing is a method of acknowledging sources of
information that you have used in your written work.
The APA (American Psychological Association) 6th edition is the method now used at Central Institute of Technology.
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
Why do you reference?
• To show where you got the information from.• To demonstrate how much research you did.• To allow the reader (your lecturer) to be
able to find and check the information.
Study, 2007
© Central Institute of Technology 20145
When do you have to reference? If you:
1. quote (use someone else’s exact words)2. paraphrase (convert someone else’s ideas into your own words)
3. summarise (use a brief account of someone else’s ideas)
4. copy (use statistics, figures, tables, images)
Rottnest Island, 2008
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
When do you not need to give references?References are not required for items of general knowledge or
common knowledge.
Common knowledge includes facts that are well known within the community in which they are used.
An example:
Rottnest Island is home to the quokka which is an Australian native animal.
Quokka, 2008
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
What if you don’t reference?
Plagiarism is the term used when someone copies another person’s ideas or opinions as their own and doesn’t acknowledge the original source of the information.
Plagiarism, whether deliberate or accidental, is a formof cheating and is not acceptable.
Remember, if you plagiarise in your assignment you may fail
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
Where can referencing information be found?Book
On the title page for the title, author and publisher
On the back of the title page for the place and year of publication
Journal/Magazine
On the cover
On the second page
Down the spine
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
3 Steps in Referencing
Step 1When taking notes for an essay topic, write down all the relevant bibliographic details of your information source. For a book:
authoryear of publicationtitleedition place of publicationpublisher
Note taking, 2007
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
Step 2 Insert a brief citation at the appropriate place within
the text of your essay where this information is used.
Example of an In-Text Reference:
Freeman, 2010, p. 24
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
Step 3 At the end of your assignment add a Reference List
containing your information sources with full citations.
Example of an End-Text Reference:
Freeman, M. (2010). Basic guide to event management. Oxford: Focal Press.
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
In-Text References
General Rules for In-Text References
Include:author’s surnameyear of publication (latest edition)page numbers (if appropriate)
Page numbers are not necessary when you summarise or paraphrase another person’s ideas or opinions Example: …(Jones, 2010) OR Jones (2010)…
Page numbers are only necessary when you use precise information or a quotationExample: …(Douglas, 2009, p. 22) OR Douglas (2009, p.22)…
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
End-Text References
General Rules for End-Text References
List references in alphabetical order by author/sponsor
Where there is no author/sponsor, use the title
Use italics or underlining to indicate titles
Separate each element of the citation with a full stop
Second and subsequent lines of a citation should be indented 5 spaces
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
Referencing Exercises
Book author’s surname and initials year of publication title of book (underline or use italics) edition (if not the first)place of publicationpublisher
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
Title Page
Back of Title Page
Exercise 1 - Book - Answers
Conway, D. (2006). The event manager’s bible: How to plan and deliver an event (2nd ed.). Oxford: How To Books.
(Conway, 2006, p. 19)
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
Journal/Magazine Article author’s surname and initials year of publication title of article name of journal/magazine (underline or use italics) volume number issue number or date page number(s)
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
INSIDE ARTICLE
The Events Industry in 2020
Story by Rob FrankPage 40
Exercise 2 - Magazine - Answers
Frank. R. (2010). The events industry in 2020. Mice.net, April, 40.
(Frank, 2010, p. 40)
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
Web Page name of author or sponsor or organisation year of creation (or update year) title of web page (underline or use italics) Retrieved from name of URL (web address)
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
© Copyright 2013 Tennis Australia
Exercise 3 - Web Page - Answers Tennis Australia. (2013). Tournaments. Retrieved from http://www.tennis.com.au/tournaments
(Tennis Australia, 2013)
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
Referencing an Image
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
In-Text Rottnest Island, 2008
End-TextRottnest Island [Image]. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.flickr.com/photos/norahtsen78/3138180252
Bookauthor’s surname and initialsyear of publicationtitle of book (underline or use italics)edition (if not the first)place of publicationpublisher
(NOW DO EXERCISE 1)
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
Exercise 1: Answer
Harris, M. (2012). Essential event planning kit. London: Collins Publishers.
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
Journal/Magazine Articleauthor’s surname and initialsyear of publicationtitle of article name of journal/magazine (underline or use italics)volume numberissue number or datepage number(s)
(NOW DO EXERCISE 2)
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
Exercise 2: Answer
Adams, T. (2013). An event to remember, Micenet, July, 21-23.
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
Web Pagename of author or sponsor or organisationyear of creation (or update year)title of web page (underline or use italics)Retrieved from name of URL (web address)
(NOW DO EXERCISE 3)
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
Exercise 3: Answer
Tourism Australia. (2012). Plan your event. Retrieved from http://www.businessevents. australia.com/plan-your-event.aspx
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
Remember!If you require further assistance with referencing:
Ask at the Library Service Desk
Email: helplibrary@central.wa.edu.au
Check out the online guide on APA Referencing at: http://campusguides.dtwd.wa.gov.au/central-apaesl
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
© Central Institute of Technology 2014
Reference List for Images
Note taking. (2007). ClipArt used with permission from Microsoft.
Quokka [Image]. (2008). Retrieved from www.flickr.com/photos/johk/3234925638/
Rottnest Island [Image]. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.flickr.com/photos/norahtsen78/3138180252/
Study [Image]. (2007). ClipArt used with permission from Microsoft.