European Regulations European Regulations (coal, CO2 emissions)(coal, CO2 emissions)

Regional Office of Silesia in Brussels

Jerzy Buzek, Member of the European ParliamentMember of the Industry, Research and Energy CommitteeMember of the Climate Change CommitteeRapporteur of the 7FP for R&D in the EURapporteur of the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan)

10.06.2008, Brussels

IPCC 4IPCC 4thth Assessment Report (2007) Assessment Report (2007)

Continued GHG emissions at or above current

rates would cause further warming and induce

many changes in the global climate system during

the 21st century that would very likely be larger

than those observed during the 20th century.

Predicted Future Global WarmingPredicted Future Global Warming

•Global Temperature •Global CO2 Emissions

•Source: IPCC 2007

  2005 2015 2030

  Gt rank Gt rank Gt rank

US 5.8 1 6.4 2 6.9 2

China 5.1 2 8.6 1 11.4 1

Russia 1.5 3 1.8 4 2.0 4

Japan 1.2 4 1.3 5 1.2 5

India 1.1 5 1.8 3 3.3 3

• China overtook the US to become the largest emitter in 2007, while India becomes the third-largest by 2015

WEO 2007 Reference Scenario:WEO 2007 Reference Scenario:World’s Top Five CO2 EmittersWorld’s Top Five CO2 Emitters

The Kyoto ProtocolThe Kyoto Protocol

The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992

It concerns reducing Greenhouse gases that cause climate change

It was agreed on 11 December 1997 at the 3rd Conference of the Parties to the treaty when they met in Kyoto

It entered into force on 16 February 2005

The Kyoto Protocol now covers more than 170 countries globally

Countries that ratify this protocol commit to reducing their emissions of carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse gases (GHG), or engaging in emissions trading if they maintain or increase emissions of these gases

The United Nations Climate Change The United Nations Climate Change ConferenceConference::

- - Poznań, December 2008 (COP14)Poznań, December 2008 (COP14)- - Copenhagen, December 2009 (COP15)Copenhagen, December 2009 (COP15)

Deadline for the Deadline for the

negotiations of the Post – negotiations of the Post –

Kyoto ProtocolKyoto Protocol

Primary resources:Primary resources:

Energy demands: doubling in 30 – 40 years

The goals for the EU:

security of supply

environmental protection (climate change)

competitive costs (Lisbon Agenda)

Renewables, Fossil Fuels, Nuclear(coal, oil, gas)

UE- Leader in mitigating global warming

Presidency Conclusions, Council March 2007

20% share of renewable energy

20% share of renewable energy

Targets for 2020Targets for 2020

20% energy savings20% energy savings20% reduction of GHG emissions

20% reduction of GHG emissions

• PROPOSAL published 23 January 2008

• Main components• Directive – Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)• Decision – Effort Sharing (non ETS)• Directive – Carbon Capture & Storage• Directive – Renewable Energy Sources• Guidelines on State Aid for Env Protection

Climate and Energy PackageClimate and Energy Package

CONSEQUENCES:

• Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET – Plan)• Negotiations in the Council and European Parliament

− 2008-2009− EC intension: have it adopted before EP elections and

new European Commission

Climate and Energy PackageClimate and Energy Package

Way of introduction:Way of introduction:

Carbon emissions costs

New low – carbon technologies

Emission Trading System (ETS)Emission Trading System (ETS)

Successes of the EU ETS Demonstrates EU “leadership” of climate change Puts a price on carbon Stimulated the development of JI/CDM and the resulting

transfer of technology to developing/emerging countries Problems with the EU ETS

Another cost of “doing business in Europe” “Indirect impacts”, especially on energy intensive

industries

How important is the long-term carbon price How important is the long-term carbon price (e.g. in 2020) for new investments in your (e.g. in 2020) for new investments in your

industry?industry?

0 % 20 % 40 % 60 %

No importance

Influencing calculation, but notdecisive

Decisive factor

385 respondents – all from companies buying/selling/holding EUAs or CERs

Hydrogen and fuel cellsHydrogen and fuel cells

Renewable electricity generationRenewable electricity generation

Renewable fuel productionRenewable fuel production

CO2 capture and storage technologies for zero

emission power generation

CO2 capture and storage technologies for zero

emission power generation

Smart energy networksSmart energy networks

Energy savings and energy efficiency

Energy savings and energy efficiency

Knowledge for energy policy makingKnowledge for energy policy making

Clean coal technologiesClean coal technologies

Renewables for heating and cooling

Renewables for heating and cooling

FP 7 – Proposed Priority Topics in EnergyFP 7 – Proposed Priority Topics in Energy

The Strategic Energy Technology The Strategic Energy Technology PlanPlan

Strengthening European energy research capacities through

European Industrial Initiatives

European Energy Research Alliance

Reinforced international cooperation

The SET-Plan: an effective implementation needed

European Industrial Initiatives (EIIs):

1. European Wind Initiative

2. Solar Europe Initiative

3. Bio-energy Europe Initiative

4. European CO2 capture, transport and storage initiative

5. European electricity grid initiative

6. Sustainable nuclear fission initiative

7. EP proposition to include: 12 CCS demonstration projects, the so-called EU-Flagship Programme

Technology Map for the SET-PlanTechnology Map for the SET-Plan

Carbon Capture and StorageCarbon Capture and StorageFlagship Programme of the EUFlagship Programme of the EU

CaptureTransport

Storage

85-90%

COAL IS THERE !

Integrated hydrogen genaration from fossil fuels, biomass and wind

The Energy and Climate PackageBinding Targets:20% renewables, 20% GHG reduction, 20% energy savings, biofuels

Benefits:Large scale innovation in the energy sector

Energy security: reduction of oil and gas import of €50 billion per year (at $61 per barrel of oil)

Costs:Direct cost: increased energy and non CO2 mitigation cost to meet both targets domestically: 0.6% of GDP in 2020, or some €90 billion

Way of introduction:Emission costs + new technologies

SUMMARYSUMMARY

10.06.2008, Brussels

THANK YOU THANK YOU FOR YOUR FOR YOUR

ATTENTION ATTENTION !!!!!!Jerzy Buzek, Member of the European Parliament

Rapporteur of the 7FP for R&D in the EURapporteur of the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan)

Regional Office of Silesia in Brussels

European Regulations European Regulations (coal, CO2 emissions)(coal, CO2 emissions)