FLASH CARDSChapter 3

EDU 144Child Development I

A section of a chromosome and the basic unit for the transmission of heredity,

consisting of a string of chemicals that are instructions for the cell to manufacture

certain proteins.

A section of a chromosome and the basic unit for the transmission of heredity,

consisting of a string of chemicals that are instructions for the cell to manufacture

certain proteins.

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gene

A section of a chromosome and the basic unit for the transmission of heredity,

consisting of a string of chemicals that are instructions for the cell to manufacture certain proteins.

A section of a chromosome and the basic unit for the transmission of heredity,

consisting of a string of chemicals that are instructions for the cell to manufacture certain proteins.

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A 23rd chromosome pair that consists of two X-shaped chromosomes, one each from the mother and the father. XX

zygotes become females.

A 23rd chromosome pair that consists of two X-shaped chromosomes, one each from the mother and the father. XX

zygotes become females.

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XX

A 23rd chromosome pair that consists of two X-shaped chromosomes, one each from the mother and the father. XX

zygotes become females.

A 23rd chromosome pair that consists of two X-shaped chromosomes, one each from the mother and the father. XX

zygotes become females.

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The molecule that contains the chemical instructions for cells to manufacture

various proteins.

The molecule that contains the chemical instructions for cells to manufacture

various proteins.

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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

The molecule that contains the chemical instructions for cells to manufacture

various proteins.

The molecule that contains the chemical instructions for cells to manufacture

various proteins.

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The chromosome pair that, in humans, determines the zygote’s (and hence the

person’s) sex.

The chromosome pair that, in humans, determines the zygote’s (and hence the

person’s) sex.

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23rd pair

The chromosome pair that, in humans, determines the zygote’s (and hence the

person’s) sex.

The chromosome pair that, in humans, determines the zygote’s (and hence the

person’s) sex.

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One of the 46 molecules of DNA (in 23 pairs) that each cell of the human body

contains and that, together, contain all the genes. Other species have more or fewer

molecules.

One of the 46 molecules of DNA (in 23 pairs) that each cell of the human body

contains and that, together, contain all the genes. Other species have more or fewer

molecules.

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chromosomes

One of the 46 molecules of DNA (in 23 pairs) that each cell of the human body contains and that, together, contain all the genes. Other species have more or

fewer molecules.

One of the 46 molecules of DNA (in 23 pairs) that each cell of the human body contains and that, together, contain all the genes. Other species have more or

fewer molecules.

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An international effort to map the complete human genetic code. The effort was essentially completed in 2001, though

analysis is ongoing.

An international effort to map the complete human genetic code. The effort was essentially completed in 2001, though

analysis is ongoing.

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Human Genome Project

An international effort to map the complete human genetic code. The

effort was essentially completed in 2001, though analysis is ongoing.

An international effort to map the complete human genetic code. The

effort was essentially completed in 2001, though analysis is ongoing.

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The single cell formed from the fusing of two gametes, a sperm and an ovum.

The single cell formed from the fusing of two gametes, a sperm and an ovum.

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zygote

The single cell formed from the fusing of two gametes, a sperm and an ovum.

The single cell formed from the fusing of two gametes, a sperm and an ovum.

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A 23rd chromosome pair that consists of an X-shaped chromosome from the

mother and a Y-shaped chromosome from the father. XY zygotes become males.

A 23rd chromosome pair that consists of an X-shaped chromosome from the

mother and a Y-shaped chromosome from the father. XY zygotes become males.

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XY

A 23rd chromosome pair that consists of an X-shaped chromosome from the

mother and a Y-shaped chromosome from the father. XY zygotes become

males.

A 23rd chromosome pair that consists of an X-shaped chromosome from the

mother and a Y-shaped chromosome from the father. XY zygotes become

males.

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Referring to a gene carried on the X chromosome. If a boy inherits an X-

linked recessive trait from his mother, he expresses that trait because the Y from his father has no counteracting gene.

Girls are more likely to be carriers of X-linked traits but are less likely to express

them.

Referring to a gene carried on the X chromosome. If a boy inherits an X-

linked recessive trait from his mother, he expresses that trait because the Y from his father has no counteracting gene.

Girls are more likely to be carriers of X-linked traits but are less likely to express

them.

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X-linked

Referring to a gene carried on the X chromosome. If a boy inherits an X-

linked recessive trait from his mother, he expresses that trait because the Y from his father has no counteracting

gene. Girls are more likely to be carriers of X-linked traits but are less

likely to express them.

Referring to a gene carried on the X chromosome. If a boy inherits an X-

linked recessive trait from his mother, he expresses that trait because the Y from his father has no counteracting

gene. Girls are more likely to be carriers of X-linked traits but are less

likely to express them.

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A person whose genotype includes a gene that is not expressed in the phenotype.

Such an unexpressed gene occurs in half of the person’s gametes. Generally , only when such a gene is inherited from both parents does the characteristic appear in

the phenotype.

A person whose genotype includes a gene that is not expressed in the phenotype.

Such an unexpressed gene occurs in half of the person’s gametes. Generally , only when such a gene is inherited from both parents does the characteristic appear in

the phenotype.

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carrier

A person whose genotype includes a gene that is not expressed in the phenotype.

Such an unexpressed gene occurs in half of the person’s gametes. Generally , only when such a gene is inherited from both parents does the characteristic appear in

the phenotype.

A person whose genotype includes a gene that is not expressed in the phenotype.

Such an unexpressed gene occurs in half of the person’s gametes. Generally , only when such a gene is inherited from both parents does the characteristic appear in

the phenotype.

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A gene that has several alleles, each of which contributes to the final phenotype

(such as skin color or height).

A gene that has several alleles, each of which contributes to the final phenotype

(such as skin color or height).

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Additive gene

A gene that has several alleles, each of which contributes to the final

phenotype (such as skin color or height).

A gene that has several alleles, each of which contributes to the final

phenotype (such as skin color or height).

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A condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46,

with three rather than two chromosomes at the 21st position. They often have distinctive characteristics, including

unusual facial features, heart abnormalities, and language difficulties.

A condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46,

with three rather than two chromosomes at the 21st position. They often have distinctive characteristics, including

unusual facial features, heart abnormalities, and language difficulties.

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Fragile X syndrome

A genetic disorder in which part of the X chromosome seems to be attached to the

rest of it by a very thin string of molecules. The cause is a single gene that has more than 200 repetitions of

one triplet.

A genetic disorder in which part of the X chromosome seems to be attached to the

rest of it by a very thin string of molecules. The cause is a single gene that has more than 200 repetitions of

one triplet.

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Twins who originate from one zygote that splits apart very early in development.

Also called identical twins.

Twins who originate from one zygote that splits apart very early in development.

Also called identical twins.

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Monozygotic (MZ) twins

Twins who originate from one zygote that splits apart very early in development.

Also called identical twins.

Twins who originate from one zygote that splits apart very early in development.

Also called identical twins.

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Referring to a trait that is influenced by many genes.

Referring to a trait that is influenced by many genes.

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polygenic

Referring to a trait that is influenced by many genes.

Referring to a trait that is influenced by many genes.

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A genetic disorder in which part of the X chromosome seems to be attached to the

rest of it by a very thin string of molecules. The cause is a single gene that

has more than 200 repetitions of one triplet.

A genetic disorder in which part of the X chromosome seems to be attached to the

rest of it by a very thin string of molecules. The cause is a single gene that

has more than 200 repetitions of one triplet.

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Down syndrome

A condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46,

with three rather than two chromosomes at the 21st position. They often have distinctive characteristics,

including unusual facial features, heart abnormalities, and language difficulties.

A condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46,

with three rather than two chromosomes at the 21st position. They often have distinctive characteristics,

including unusual facial features, heart abnormalities, and language difficulties.

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Twins who are formed when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm

at roughly the same time. Also, called fraternal twins.

Twins who are formed when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm

at roughly the same time. Also, called fraternal twins.

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Dizygotic (DZ) twins

Twins who are formed when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm

at roughly the same time. Also, called fraternal twins.

Twins who are formed when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm

at roughly the same time. Also, called fraternal twins.

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