Early Inventions of the First Industrial Revolution

Flying Shuttle

Flying Shuttle

The Old Method – the Spinning Wheel

The New Method – The Spinning “Jenny”

The Power Loom

The Steam Engine

The Earliest Locomotive

Industrial Revolution

Transportation

Transportation

Roads were improved through the Macadam surfacing

John MacAdam

Transportation --Canals

Transportation -- Railroads

Richard Trevithick George Stephenson

Transportation – The Effects of Expansion of Railroads

• 1. cheap transportation for manufactured goods

• 2. jobs

• 3. transport for perishable goods

• 4. travel became a common experience

Industrial Revolution

Working and Living Conditions

Working and Living Conditions• 1. The population

went from rural to predominantly urban.

• 2. The urban environment . . . – full of filth– lacked sanitation– unhealthy and

dangerous conditions

Working and Living Conditions

• People received wages rather than grow crops

• Life was scheduled by the factory, not the seasons

• Work was monotonous and dangerous

Working and Living Conditions

• Child labor (as young as seven) was common

Working and Living Conditions

• The average life span among factory and mine workers declined – to 17

Economic Results

• The Middle Class grew

• But

• The difference between the wealthy and the poor increased and caused great tensions

Responses to the Industrial Revolution

Responses to the Industrial Revolution

• Socialism: the belief that productive resources should be owned and controlled by the society as a whole. There should be no personal property

Responses to the Industrial Revolution

• Karl Marx – – The Communist

Manifesto– Proposed “Scientific

Socialism” (Marxism)– Claimed that factory

owners (bourgeoisie) were stealing from the working class (proletariat)

Responses to the Industrial Revolution

• Karl Marx –

– Eventually the proletariat would violently overthrow the bourgeoisie

– A socialist society would be established where all profit would be shared equally

Responses to the Industrial Revolution

• Utopian Socialism

– Ex: Robert Owen

– Built a factory community with schools, decent homes (New Lanark)

– Shared profits with workers

Responses to the Industrial Revolution

• Labor Unions– organizations of workers who seek to gain

better wages and better conditions• Through the use of strikes

– At first they were seen by government as an interference to business and put down violently

– Eventually they were crucial in improving the lives of workers