Early Inventions of the First Industrial Revolution.
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Transcript of Early Inventions of the First Industrial Revolution.
Early Inventions of the First Industrial Revolution
Flying Shuttle
Flying Shuttle
The Old Method – the Spinning Wheel
The New Method – The Spinning “Jenny”
The Power Loom
The Steam Engine
The Earliest Locomotive
Industrial Revolution
Transportation
Transportation
Roads were improved through the Macadam surfacing
John MacAdam
Transportation --Canals
Transportation -- Railroads
Richard Trevithick George Stephenson
Transportation – The Effects of Expansion of Railroads
• 1. cheap transportation for manufactured goods
• 2. jobs
• 3. transport for perishable goods
• 4. travel became a common experience
Industrial Revolution
Working and Living Conditions
Working and Living Conditions• 1. The population
went from rural to predominantly urban.
• 2. The urban environment . . . – full of filth– lacked sanitation– unhealthy and
dangerous conditions
Working and Living Conditions
• People received wages rather than grow crops
• Life was scheduled by the factory, not the seasons
• Work was monotonous and dangerous
Working and Living Conditions
• Child labor (as young as seven) was common
Working and Living Conditions
• The average life span among factory and mine workers declined – to 17
Economic Results
• The Middle Class grew
• But
• The difference between the wealthy and the poor increased and caused great tensions
Responses to the Industrial Revolution
Responses to the Industrial Revolution
• Socialism: the belief that productive resources should be owned and controlled by the society as a whole. There should be no personal property
Responses to the Industrial Revolution
• Karl Marx – – The Communist
Manifesto– Proposed “Scientific
Socialism” (Marxism)– Claimed that factory
owners (bourgeoisie) were stealing from the working class (proletariat)
Responses to the Industrial Revolution
• Karl Marx –
– Eventually the proletariat would violently overthrow the bourgeoisie
– A socialist society would be established where all profit would be shared equally
Responses to the Industrial Revolution
• Utopian Socialism
– Ex: Robert Owen
– Built a factory community with schools, decent homes (New Lanark)
– Shared profits with workers
Responses to the Industrial Revolution
• Labor Unions– organizations of workers who seek to gain
better wages and better conditions• Through the use of strikes
– At first they were seen by government as an interference to business and put down violently
– Eventually they were crucial in improving the lives of workers