Reading Horizons presents:

Dyslexia: From Symptoms to

Solutions

“Dyslexia is not a disease to have

and to be cured of, but a way of

thinking and learning. Often it’s a gifted mind waiting to be found and

taught.”

-Girard Sagmiller, “Dyslexia My Life”

Dyslexia: A significant reading

disability in people with normal

intelligence.

There is now definite proof that

dyslexia is a very real neurological

disorder.

What is dyslexia?

Yale Studywith

Magnetic Resonance Magnetic Resonance

Imaging (MRI)Imaging (MRI)

61 Students: 29 Dyslexic

Dyslexia

Primary visualcortex

Superior

temporal

gyrusUnimpaired

Student

Inferior

frontal

gyrus

Angural

gyrus

Visual Visual

perceptionperception

Inferior frontal

gyrus

(Attempts to convert

visual information

into sounds)

Dyslexic

Student

Visual Visual

perceptionperception

Dyslexic students “can learn

these relationships with intensive

phonics training. . . After more

than a century of frustration, it

has now been shown that the

brain can be rewired.”

Dr. Sally Shaywitz

Research Shows:

Knopf Publishing, New York (2003)

ISBN: 0-375-40012-5

Overcoming Dyslexia by Dr. Sally Shaywitz

Word Processing and Storage

• Word Form Storage: phonological (sound), orthographical (symbol), morphological (roots and affixes, parts of speech)

• Phonological Loop: time-sensitive coordination of phonological codes (eye to Mouth to ear)

• Orthographic Loop: time-sensitive coordination of orthographic codes (ear to HAND to eye)

Symptoms of Dyslexia

• Difficulty linking letters with sounds

• Difficulty with multi-syllable words

• Fluency and rhythm of reading

• Poor spelling

• Poor handwriting

• Difficulties learning a foreign language

• In emotional pain

Dyslexia’s effects on reading

• Trouble reading unfamiliar words

• Omitting parts of words when reading

• Fear of reading out loud

• Reading is slow and tiring

• A reliance on context to discern meaning

• Oral reading is choppy and labored

• Avoidance of reading for pleasure

Key to success…

• Avoid as much frustration as possible

Working Memory

Working memory, or executive function, helps a student do several things:

– Filter inputs so they know what information to pay attention to,

– Prioritize inputs so they know what information is most important,

– Categorize inputs so they know what types of information they are working with, and

– Connect inputs to previous knowledge so they know how new information relates to what they already know.

Solutions

• Teach Orton-Gillingham Principles

– Multi-sensory

– Systematic

– Logical sequence

– Oral language

– Written language

Solutions

“Systematic phonics instruction has been used widely over a long period of time with positive results, and a variety of systematic phonics programs have proven effective with children of different ages, abilities, and socio-economic backgrounds. These facts and finding provide converging evidence that explicit, systemic phonics instruction is a valuable and essential part of successful reading program.”

~ National Reading Panel Report

Types of assessments

http://athome.readinghorizons.com/assessments/index.aspx

• Word Recognition

• Phonemic Awareness

• Most Common Word

• Word Segmentation

Should I get my child tested?

Cons

•Fear of “label”

•Expensive

•Where to get a

test?

Pros

•Diagnosis provides

help by law

•Understand solution

Appropriate Reading Rates

Reading fluency, as defined by Dr. Neil Anderson, is "reading at an appropriate rate with adequate comprehension" (Anderson, 2008, p. 3).

What is an “appropriate rate?”

Silent Reading Rates

1st grade: 80 wpm

2nd grade: 115 wpm

3rd grade: 138 wpm

4th grade: 158 wpm

5th grade: 173 wpm

6th grade: 185 wpm

7th grade: 195 wpm

8th grade: 204 wpm

9th grade: 214 wpm

10th grade: 224 wpm

11th grade: 237 wpm

12th grade: 250 wpm

College or University: 280 wpm

Oral Reading Rates

1st grade: 53 wpm

2nd grade: 89 wpm

3rd grade: 107 wpm

4th grade: 123 wpm

5th grade: 139 wpm

6th grade: 150 wpm

7th grade: 150 wpm

8th grade: 151 wpm

Access Your Free E-Book

http://readinghorizons.com/resources/disabilites.pdf

www.ReadingHorizons.com

Shantell@ReadingHorizons.com

Erika@ReadingHorizons.com

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