Dyslexia: From Symptoms to Solutions
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Reading Horizons presents: Dyslexia: From Symptoms to Solutions
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You will also learn: * Common symptoms of dyslexia by grade-level * Research supporting the differences in the dyslexic brain* Practical Orton-Gillingham principles that you can use right away with your dyslexic student or child.
Transcript of Dyslexia: From Symptoms to Solutions
Reading Horizons presents:
Dyslexia: From Symptoms to
Solutions
“Dyslexia is not a disease to have
and to be cured of, but a way of
thinking and learning. Often it’s a gifted mind waiting to be found and
taught.”
-Girard Sagmiller, “Dyslexia My Life”
Dyslexia: A significant reading
disability in people with normal
intelligence.
There is now definite proof that
dyslexia is a very real neurological
disorder.
What is dyslexia?
Yale Studywith
Magnetic Resonance Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (MRI)Imaging (MRI)
61 Students: 29 Dyslexic
Dyslexia
Primary visualcortex
Superior
temporal
gyrusUnimpaired
Student
Inferior
frontal
gyrus
Angural
gyrus
Visual Visual
perceptionperception
Inferior frontal
gyrus
(Attempts to convert
visual information
into sounds)
Dyslexic
Student
Visual Visual
perceptionperception
Dyslexic students “can learn
these relationships with intensive
phonics training. . . After more
than a century of frustration, it
has now been shown that the
brain can be rewired.”
Dr. Sally Shaywitz
Research Shows:
Knopf Publishing, New York (2003)
ISBN: 0-375-40012-5
Overcoming Dyslexia by Dr. Sally Shaywitz
Word Processing and Storage
• Word Form Storage: phonological (sound), orthographical (symbol), morphological (roots and affixes, parts of speech)
• Phonological Loop: time-sensitive coordination of phonological codes (eye to Mouth to ear)
• Orthographic Loop: time-sensitive coordination of orthographic codes (ear to HAND to eye)
Symptoms of Dyslexia
• Difficulty linking letters with sounds
• Difficulty with multi-syllable words
• Fluency and rhythm of reading
• Poor spelling
• Poor handwriting
• Difficulties learning a foreign language
• In emotional pain
Dyslexia’s effects on reading
• Trouble reading unfamiliar words
• Omitting parts of words when reading
• Fear of reading out loud
• Reading is slow and tiring
• A reliance on context to discern meaning
• Oral reading is choppy and labored
• Avoidance of reading for pleasure
Key to success…
• Avoid as much frustration as possible
Working Memory
Working memory, or executive function, helps a student do several things:
– Filter inputs so they know what information to pay attention to,
– Prioritize inputs so they know what information is most important,
– Categorize inputs so they know what types of information they are working with, and
– Connect inputs to previous knowledge so they know how new information relates to what they already know.
Solutions
• Teach Orton-Gillingham Principles
– Multi-sensory
– Systematic
– Logical sequence
– Oral language
– Written language
Solutions
“Systematic phonics instruction has been used widely over a long period of time with positive results, and a variety of systematic phonics programs have proven effective with children of different ages, abilities, and socio-economic backgrounds. These facts and finding provide converging evidence that explicit, systemic phonics instruction is a valuable and essential part of successful reading program.”
~ National Reading Panel Report
Types of assessments
http://athome.readinghorizons.com/assessments/index.aspx
• Word Recognition
• Phonemic Awareness
• Most Common Word
• Word Segmentation
Should I get my child tested?
Cons
•Fear of “label”
•Expensive
•Where to get a
test?
Pros
•Diagnosis provides
help by law
•Understand solution
Appropriate Reading Rates
Reading fluency, as defined by Dr. Neil Anderson, is "reading at an appropriate rate with adequate comprehension" (Anderson, 2008, p. 3).
What is an “appropriate rate?”
Silent Reading Rates
1st grade: 80 wpm
2nd grade: 115 wpm
3rd grade: 138 wpm
4th grade: 158 wpm
5th grade: 173 wpm
6th grade: 185 wpm
7th grade: 195 wpm
8th grade: 204 wpm
9th grade: 214 wpm
10th grade: 224 wpm
11th grade: 237 wpm
12th grade: 250 wpm
College or University: 280 wpm
Oral Reading Rates
1st grade: 53 wpm
2nd grade: 89 wpm
3rd grade: 107 wpm
4th grade: 123 wpm
5th grade: 139 wpm
6th grade: 150 wpm
7th grade: 150 wpm
8th grade: 151 wpm
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http://readinghorizons.com/resources/disabilites.pdf
