Post on 17-Mar-2018
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 149 -
Chapter – V
DYNAMICS OF URBAN LANDUSE
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Brief Literature Review
5.3 Database and Methodology
5.4 Urban Centres in Miraj Tahsil
5.5 Historical Development of Sangli – Miraj
5.6 Employment Characteristics
5.7 Demographic Dimensions
5.8 Morphological Units of the Urban Centres & Functional Classification
5.9 Testing of Urban Landuse Model for Sangli
5.10 Urban Amenities and Infrastructure
5.11 Urban Landuse / Landcover
5.12 Built-up Area Changes
5.13 Urban Problems
5.14 Suggestions to the Urban Problems
5.15 Proposed Landuse / Landcover
5.16 Conclusion
References
Web-References
Appendix- 5.1 to 5.2
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 150 -
CHAPTER-V
DYNAMICS OF URBAN LANDUSE
5.1 Introduction
Urban areas are considered as the most dynamic portion on earth
surface. Urbanization has been taking place rapidly all over the world
and India is not exception for this. In 1961, about 79 million persons
were living in urban areas of the country and their number had
increased to over 217 million in 1991(NIUA, 2000). Landscapes are
always changing, as they are the expression of the constant interaction
between natural and cultural forces in the environment. By identifying
the past urbanization patterns, policy makers and planners can gain
better insight towards present and future development patterns (Esbah,
et. al., 2007). Rapid urban expansion necessitates proper planning to
avoid negative environmental and socio-economic impacts. Remote
sensing and GIS technology provides effective tools to understand the
phenomenon as well as for planning and decision making process. In this
chapter an attempt has been made to understand the dynamics of urban
landuse in Miraj tahsil.
5.2 Brief Literature Review
In the field of urban geography number of Doctoral dissertation
and research papers have been written by several scholars. Individual
town and cities became an interest of geographers with special reference
to their physical setting, historical growth, morphology, its functions and
delimitation of umland. Urban growth is the most important indicator of
development of a country or region (Mulik, 1989). After independence a
number of articles, which are related to urban growth have appeared in
the distinguished national level geographical journals of India.
The study related to urban growth and urbanization has been
carried out by different scholars, such as Singh R.L. (1965) studies
Banaras city, Mookarji S. (1958) made a study to check the growth of
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 151 -
Nagpur city. Dwivedi R.L. (1963) studied the growth of Allahbad city and
Dutta A.K. (1966) worked on Jamsedhpur city.
The urban geographers from Calcutta have worked on urban
growth and associated problems of Calcutta conurbation (Gosal G. S.
1972). K. Sita (1973) highlights the low level of urbanization in south
Konkan, which needs adequate industrial incentives to raise its level of
Urbanization. Deshmuk P.W. and Kulkarni K.G. (1978) studied the
growth of Sangli city. Deshpande C.D. (1971) made a geographical study
on cities and towns in Maharashtra (1961-1971). Mulik (1989) has
studied the urbanization of south Maharashtra plateau. Jamadar K.M.
(1983) checked the impact of Urbanization on Rural Land use as a case
study of Solapur city and its fringe zone. Zodge S.B. (2001) worked on
Urban Growth and Environment Impact – A Case Study of Kolhapur City.
Kumbhar A.P. (1999) studied growth pattern of Satara town.
Vhasmane A.S. (1989) studied the growth and related problems of
Ichalkaranji city. The focus was made on physical expansions of city
through various phases along with growth of function and functional
areas in Ichalkaranji city. The problems related to residential area,
associated to slum, water supply, bus transportation, crime and
problems of power-loom industry are studied from geographical point of
view.
Kurni (2008) studied the urban growth and its impact on
environment in Belgaum city, to examine the various aspects of growth of
Belgaum city and its impact on environment. The study highlights how
Belgaum city grew over a period of forty years (1961 to 2001). The study
is an endeavor to investigate the relationship between various aspect of
urban growth and the changing nature of environment in the city. It also
examines the various changes that have been taken place, during 1961-
2001 in the city.
Shekhar S. (2005), in her thesis “Monitoring urban sprawl of Pune
by using Remote sensing and GIS techniques”, explained the changing
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 152 -
space of Pune. This study has been carried out with RS data, GIS and
GPS, where focus is made on land use patterns with respect to
population growth and land transformation in various parts of city. The
urban land use suitability analysis is made based on physical,
environmental and accessibility parameters.
Using GIS and RS techniques the estimate expansion of three
Jordanian cities i.e. Amman, Ma'daba and Irbid are studied by Saleh and
Rawashdeh (2007). The impact of rapid urbanization and
industrialization is studied with respect to environmental and socio-
economic problems. Aerial photographs and LandSat images are used to
identify urbanized areas and to quantify urban expansion for periods
dating from 1981 to 2002. The results show a massive urban expansion
and concentration of settlement near major roads and fertile lands in
these cities.
Basudha Chattopadhyay (2009) in her paper “Sustainable Urban
Development in India: Some Issues” discussed some important issues
relating to sustainable urban development and sustainable city with
special reference to India. Also discussion is made on the deficiency in
basic urban services in India and its management for sustainable urban
development.
5.3 Database and Methodology
The dynamics of urban landuse are studied by both primary and
secondary datasets. The historical maps, Regional Planning Reports,
Survey of India toposheets, Satellite Images (IRS and Landsat), records
from Municipal Corporation, Census data, Socio-economic statistics,
several published reports, etc. are used to complete this study. Frequent
field visits observations and number of informal interviews is conducted
to gather primary data. The GPS is used for data collection, verification
and mapping purpose.
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 153 -
The historical (spatio-temporal) growth of Sangli-Miraj city from
1800 to 2006 time period is checked by applying overlay analysis. Using
base maps the city growth is vectorized and to understand the growth
direction these are overlaid on each other. The growth in between 1971
to 2006 is checked by using satellite data. The CA_Markov analysis is
carried out to understand the pattern of urban expansion.
The demographic aspects of urban centres are explained by
traditional statistical methods. The morphology of urban centres is tested
with the help of field visit and empirical technique. The ward level
functional classification is carried out because the function of an area is
associated with the landuse pattern. The landuse mapping is completed
by using satellite images, old master plans of the city, available
documents and field visits.
The study of urban amenities and infrastructure is fulfilled by
employing census data and high resolution satellite images. The web
sources like Google Earth, Open Street Maps and other mapping sites are
utilized to map out the status of amenities and infrastructural
development. The discussion on some important urban problems is made
in the end part of this chapter. Considering the present scenario, the
assumptions are made in the form of proposed urban development of
Miraj tahsil. In this task the use of buffer analysis and proximity analysis
is made.
Following are the formulas used in for the calculations and acquire
desired results.
Decadal Growth rate = Population of present decadal year – Population of
previous decadal year
Decadal Growth rate Decadal Growth Rate % = ----------------------------------------- * 100
Population of present decadal year
Female Population
Sex Ratio = ---------------------- * 1000
Male Population
Population of present decadal year Household Size = ----------------------------------------
Total Houses
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 154 -
To perform functional classification of city various methods are
available out of which empirical method is used in this study. The
functional classification of wards is conducted by field observations,
informal interviews and applying high resolution satellite images.
The techniques and methods of applying satellite imageries as data
sources are effective for land use classification and change detection
study. The classified satellite images are utilized to check the spatio-
temporal analysis of built-up area. The location of change is determined
by overlaying two layers on each other. The proposed landuse is
estimated by using the techniques available in IDRISI image processing
software. The further details of the used data and methodology are
discussed in the chapter as it comes. In general, this study is carried out
by applying various techniques together.
5.4 Urban Centres in Miraj Tahsil
As discussion made in the previous chapters Miraj tahsil is most
urbanized tahsil of Sangli district. It contains one and only Municipal
Corporation (Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad Municipal Corporation) in the district
and two census towns (Madhavnagar and Budhgaon).
5.4.1 Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad Municipal Corporation
Sangli and Miraj cities are having long historical background,
whereas Kupwad is recently developed town. There were three individual
municipalities (i.e. Sangli, Miraj and Kupwad) functioning in close
proximity, which clubbed together and formed Municipal Corporation in
1999. There are total 69 wards in SMKMC, wherein Sangli city contains
38 wards, in Miraj there are total 24 wards and Kupwad is having seven
wards. There are total four prabhag‟s in SMKMC (Fig.5.1). Prabhag are
the administrative divisions formed by clubbing many wards together.
5.4.2 Madhavnagar
Madhavnagar is a habitat located in the northern part of Sangli.
This settlement is encouraging and supporting the industrial sector. In
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 155 -
fact this was the preliminary industrial sector in the tahsil. In 1971, this
village is declared as census town that time it was having total 8853
population.
5.4.3 Budhgaon
Village Budhgaon is located in the northern part of Madhavnagar.
In 2001 census it is declared as census town. This village is also having
long historical background i.e. it was one of the separate sansthan
functioning closer to Sangli. As per 2001 census, it is having total 14728
populations, distributed in six wards.
Budhgaon
Sangli
Miraj
Kupwad Sangliwadi
8
5
1
4
3
9
7
18
26
16
14
6
12
38
69
2
10
22 25
53
11
36
24
39
37
13
61
23
63
27
40
43
2151
28
41
52
33
66
42
19
29
15
17 49
32
48 50
20
46
54
62
31
6445
47
44
30
583435
555956
6568
60
Prabhag-3
Prabhag-4
Prabhag-1
Prabhag-2
Wanleswadi
Madhavnagar
I
V
III
VI
II
IV
74°40'0"E
74°40'0"E
74°37'30"E
74°37'30"E
74°35'0"E
74°35'0"E
74°32'30"E
74°32'30"E
16°55'0"N 16°55'0"N
16°52'30"N 16°52'30"N
16°50'0"N 16°50'0"N
16°47'30"N 16°47'30"N
Miraj TehsilUrban Centres
0 3 61.5km
µ
Scale
Legend
SMKMC Prabhag
SMKMC Wards
Madhavnagar
Budhgaon
River
Fig.5.1
8
5
1
4
3
9
7
18
26
16
14
6
12
38
69
2
10
2225
53
11
36
24
39
37
13
61
23
63
27
40
43
21
51
28
41
15
52
33
66
42
1917
29
49
32
4850
20
46
54
62
31
64
45
47
44
30
58
3435
55
59
57
65
68
60
67
56
74°40'0"E
74°40'0"E
74°37'30"E
74°37'30"E
74°35'0"E
74°35'0"E
74°32'30"E
74°32'30"E
16°52'30"N 16°52'30"N
16°50'0"N 16°50'0"N
16°47'30"N 16°47'30"N
Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad Municipal Corporation
Municipal Wards
0 4 82km
.
Scale
Legend
River
SMK Wards
8
5
1
4
3
9
7
18
26
16
14
6
12
38
69
2
10
2225
53
11
36
24
39
37
13
61
23
63
27
40
43
21
51
28
41
15
52
33
66
42
1917
29
49
32
4850
20
46
54
62
31
64
45
47
44
30
58
3435
55
59
57
65
68
60
67
56
74°40'0"E
74°40'0"E
74°37'30"E
74°37'30"E
74°35'0"E
74°35'0"E
74°32'30"E
74°32'30"E
16°52'30"N 16°52'30"N
16°50'0"N 16°50'0"N
16°47'30"N 16°47'30"N
Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad Municipal Corporation
Municipal Wards
0 4 82km
.
Scale
Legend
River
SMK Wards
Miraj Tahsil
Urban Centres
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 156 -
5.5 Historical Development of Sangli – Miraj
Urban growth is a complex and continuous process noticed all over
the world. The cycle of converting the small villages into towns and towns
turning to cities can be noticed all over the world. Sangli–Miraj cities are
known as the twin cities in the western Maharashtra. Initially both were
different towns but, after 1990s both are expanded very fast and covered
many adjacent villages. This new formed urban agglomeration is known
as Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad urban agglomeration. The base of today is
actually started many years back in the past and the present process will
control the upcoming future. In other words, the present landuse is
developed on the past foot prints and today‟s landuse is creating the base
for future development. Therefore, it is very much essential to
understand the history of spatio-temporal expansion of Sangli-Miraj
area. Remote sensing and GIS technology seem to be a proper and
effective tool to understand the phenomenon as well as for future
planning.
5.5.1 Spatio-temporal Growth of Sangli-Miraj Area
The spatio-temporal growth of Sangli - Miraj area is studied by
various time periods.
5.5.1.1 Sangli
„Sangli‟ was one of the 11-gun salute princely states of British
India, under the Kolhapur-Dekkan Residency in the Bombay Presidency,
and later the Deccan States Agency. Until 1801, Sangli was included in
Miraj Jahagir („Jagir’ was a small territory granted by the ruler to an
army chieftain). The First Chintamanrao Appasaheb Patwardhan
established a different principality with Sangli as the capital (Wikipedia,
2010). That time village Sangli was restricted into six lanes („Saha Galli‟
in Marathi). In the beginning habitation was restricted within Krishna
River - Maruti temple – Sheri nala.
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 157 -
The construction of „Ganesh Drug‟ was done in 1813. The open
area of the village was developed by rectangular pattern. Sangli
Municipality was established on 21st February 1876. The real growth of
Sangli started after 1900 when various constructions were took place in
and around the town, such as
1913 : Sangli – Miraj metre gauge railway started
1919 : Construction of Willingdon College is completed
1929 : Irwin Bridge is constructed
1937 : Jubilee Electricity Works started functioning (Urban Planning
Report, 1971).
These Spatial determinants have contributed to the growth of
Sangli city. After independence many government offices, local boards,
District Police headquarters, Treasury, etc. came into existence and
'Sangli‟ became the district headquarters.
Fig.5.2 Expansion of Sangli 1800-2007
S
N
EW
Sangli( 1800 - 2007 )
Scale
Legend
km
Sangli Limit
River Krishna
Expansion of Sangli
1975 - 2007
1950 - 1975
1900 - 1950
1800 -1900
Till - 1800
1 0 1 2
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 158 -
Untill 1950 Sangli expanded towards North but due to „Sheri Nala‟
growth was restricted with, which the expansion took place in East and
North-East direction. Due to establishment of Market Yard, Sangli
became major commercial place in the Maharashtra- Karnataka border
area. The growth of the city has begun with the establishment of Sugar
Factory, Cotton Mill, Industrial Estate, etc. The emergence of
Chintamanrao College, Police Headquarters and Vishrambag colony
further boosted its growth and expansion. In 1970-71 Sangli was
connected with broad gauge railway. After 1975, Police line, Irrigation
department offices, Warnali, Vishrambag surrounding area, etc. came
into existence.
The rapid expansion of Sangli was noticed after 2000 when city
started spreading in all the directions with which many unplanned
habitats known as „Gunthewari‟, were emerged. (Gunthewari is an
unplanned and unauthorized residential dwellings developed in urban
areas.) The settlement patches such as Shamrao Nagar, Datta Nagar,
Sainath Nagar along Karnal road, Shiv Nagar, along 100 feet ring road,
etc. were emerged very fast. Towards Kupwad suburban areas like Laxmi
Nagar, Balaji Nagar, etc. came into existence. In a very short period
several constructions took place as the space availability in and around
the city.
5.5.1.2 Sangliwadi
Sangliwadi is a suburb of Sangli city. Initially this habitat was
known as „Gauliwada‟ (Habitat of Milkmen) and located on Sangli-
Islampur road near Laxmi temple but, due to the flood occurred in 1853
it was shifted near Sangli and known as Sangliwadi. (Deshmukh and
Kulkarni, 1978). The Irwin Bridge was constructed on the Krishna River
in 1929, since then rapid transaction has started between Sangli and
Sangliwadi. The road connecting Sangli and NH4 is passing through this
habitat, which promotes the expansion of city towards Westward. Now
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 159 -
Sangliwadi is one of the parts of existing urban agglomeration i.e. Sangli-
Miraj-Kupwad Municipal Corporation.
5.5.1.3 Miraj
Miraj is an ancient town of which the footprints may be seen in
13th century. It was one of the important military camps on the bank of
Krishna River. Until 1800 A.D. the growth of this town was restricted
within Miraj fort and around Mirasaheb Dargah. Afterwards Jumma
Masjid, Black Masjid, old gaothan, etc. were developed. The population of
this town in 1762 was around 50,000 (Sangli District Gazetteer, 2006).
Fig.5.3 Expansion of Miraj 1800-2007
During 1800 to 1900 various public constructions like Krishna
Gath, Temples and Dharmshala took place in Miraj. In December 1807
S
N
EW
Miraj( 1800 - 2007 )
Scale
Legend
km
Miraj Limit
Streams
Expansion of Miraj
1975 - 2007
1950 - 1975
1900 - 1950
1800 - 1900
Till - 1800
1 0 1 2
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 160 -
Miraj-Belgaon metre gauge railway was started after that Miraj-Pune
broad gauge (1890), Miraj-Latur narrow gauge (1927) as a result Miraj
became one of the important junctions. Miraj Municipality was
established in 1875. During 1875 to 1881 Kalayan Market, Mutton
Market, Post Offices, Town Hall and many schools were constructed. The
establishment of Mission Hospital (1891) accelerated the growth of town
along Pandharpur road. The spread of Miraj took place haphazardly like
a leap frog urban development.
The Marathe textile Mill (1943), „Miraj Milk Collection and
Processing Centre‟ (1961), Miraj Medical College (1963), Arts commerce &
Science College (Bapuji Saluknke), etc; were established due to that
Sanjay Nagar, Adarsh colony, etc. habitats were emerged around Miraj.
„KOCIL‟ (1968), which was a fertilizer factory was boosted the expansion
of Miraj towards Sangli as a result Shivaji Nagar and surrounding area
emerged. In 1970-72 Miraj Glass Work started on Miraj-Bedag road but
the town was not developed towards East and Southern directions due to
the good agricultural land and railway tracks.
After 2000 encroachment taken place to the agricultural land and
formed new gunthewari areas. Many patches of dwellings are developed
along the Pandharpur, Kupwad and Malgaon roads. Miraj is famous for
its medical services, hence, numbers of hospitals, medical-stores,
laboratories are established all over the town wherever the space was
available. New suburbs like Vijay Nagar, Khatib Nagar, Laxmi Nagar,
Vidyanagar, Vitthal Nagar and Datta Nagar, etc. came into existence.
5.5.1.4 Kupwad
Kupwad was a small village located in the north-eastern part of
triangular position from Sangli and Miraj. The habitat area of the village
was small but its revenue territory was so large. Its boundary is sharing
with both Sangli and Miraj. Up to 1970 Kupwad was not having any
major existence but after 1974, M.I.D.C. (Maharashtra Industrial
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 161 -
Development Corporation) acquired land on eastern side of village and
since then Kupwad has been changing. Initially Kupwad was restricted
into gaothan (Initial habitat of an area), but due to the establishment of
Bharat Sut Girani (Textile Mill) in 1972-73 it starts spreading towards
Sangli. Due to the adjacent M.I.D.C. zone many employees stay in and
around Kupwad.
There are many
residential patches
developed around
Kupwad like Yashwant
Nagar, Vasant Nagar,
Ahilya Nagar, Sham
Nagar, Ulhas Nagar,
etc. These are the
suburban areas of
Kupwad but having
their own identity and
importance. In 1996
Kupwad and its
suburban areas
merged together and
formed Kupwad
Municipality. Recently
emerged settlements
like Hanuman Nagar,
Kapase Plot, Bajrang Nagar, Shant Colony, Khare Mala, etc. are filled the
gaps between these urban centers. Sangli, Miraj and Kupwad
Municipalities were functioning in a close proximity considering this
development and proximity of this urban agglomeration, Government of
Maharashtra merged all these three Municipal towns into one and
formed Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad Municipal Corporation in 1999.
S
N
EWKupwad( 1900 - 2007 )
Legend
Scalekm
Kupwad Limit
Expansion of Kupwad
1975 - 2007
1950 - 1975
1900 - 1950
1800 - 1900
0.5 0 0.5 1
Fig.5.4 Expansion of Kupwad 1900-2007
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 162 -
5.5.1.5 Wanlesswadi Initially Wanlesswadi was a part of Kupwad, which was emerged
due to Wanless Chest Hospital started in that area. After 2000 this area
was developed very fast and many transformations took place in this
area. By considering the growth and location, in 2002 Wanlesswadi is
merged into SMK Municipal Corporation.
5.5.2 The Growth Direction and its Trend
Landscapes are always changing, as they are the expression of the
constant interaction between natural and cultural forces in the
environment. During 1950 the growth of Sangli and Miraj was in
binuclear direction. During 1970s Sangli started spreading in North and
North-East direction towards Madhavnagar and Kupwad. Miraj has also
been expanding towards Sangli along Sangli-Miraj road. Fig5.5 depicts
the growth direction and its trends for Sangli-Miraj urban areas.
Source: Urban Planning Report of Sangli (1971-75)
Fig.5.5 Growth Direction of Sangli - Miraj Urban Areas
'
'
N
EW
S
Sangli - Miraj( Till - 1800 )
Legend
Scale
Sangli - Miraj Water Body'
3 0 3km
'
'
'
'
Miraj
SangliKupwad
Sangliwadi
N
EW
S
Sangli - Miraj( 1800 - 1900)
Scale
Legend
km
'
2 0 2
Sangli MirajWater Body
'
'
'
'
'
'
Miraj
Sangli
Kupwad
Sangliwadi
Madhavnagar N
EW
S
Sangli - Miraj( 1950 )
Legend
Scalekm
Sangli - Miraj
Water-body'
2 0 2
#
#
#
#
#
Miraj
Sangli
Kupwad
Sangliwadi
Madhavnagar
N
EW
S
Sangli - Miraj - Madhavnagar( 1975 )
Scale
Legend
km
Sangli-Miraj-Madhavnagar-Kupwad
Water-body#
2 0 2 4
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 163 -
Fig.5.5 Growth Direction of Sangli - Miraj Urban Areas
After 2000 various suburban centres like Wanlesswadi,
Sangliwadi, Vishrambag, etc. developed so fast and the growth became
multi-nuclei. The spatio-temporal pattern of growth of the city is
discussed at the very outset. Figure-5.5 depicts the growth direction and
expansion of Sangli and Miraj region throughout last 200 years
5.6 Employment Characteristics
Landuse is a function of natural, political, socio-economic and
technological variables. Changes in landscapes arise from technological
innovations, as well as from socio-economic and political developments
(Rounsevell et al, 2003; Stoate et al. 2001). In other words the changing
scenario of a city is outcome of multi-dimensional aspects including
economic and socio-cultural factors. Economic development and
population growth have triggered rapid changes in landcover over and
N Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad( 1800 - 2007 )
Legend
Scalekm
'
'
'
'
'
Miraj
Sangli
KupwadSangliwadi
Madhavnagar
Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad Corporation Limit
Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad-Madhavnagar 1975-2007Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad-Madhavnagar 1950-1975
Sangli-Miraj 1900-1950
Sangli-Miraj 1800-1900
Sangli-Miraj Till 1800
Water Body
2 0 2 4 6
Expansion of Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad-Madhavnagar
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 164 -
there is every indication that the pace of these changes will accelerate in
the future. Therefore, it is essential to understand the employment
structure. The employment characteristics particularly the work centres
and distribution of employment in SMKMC area are discussed below in
short.
5.6.1 Work Centres
The major areas in Sangli, which act as the formal and informal
work centres are Harbhat road, Vasantdata market yard area,
Vakharbagh, Peth bhag vicinity, Shivaji Vegetable market, Rajwada
chowk, Vasantdata Industrial area, Maruti Mandir Road, ST Stand
locality, Vegetable and Fruit market in Peth Bhag, Timber market,
Chandani chowk weekly market, etc.
In Miraj the areas like ST stand road, Marathe Industrial Estate,
Laxmi market, area along Shaniwar peth road, Timber market area in
Miraj, weekly market at Datta chowk, Shastri chowk and Miraj MIDC
works as formal and informal work centers for Miraj. Also the hospitals
functioning in Miraj are act as significant work centers. In Kupwad there
is no major work centre. Only Bharat Sut Girni was only exception,
which is not functioning since last many years. Some patches of informal
work centers are existed along the Sangli-Kupwad road. But adjacent
Kupwad MIDC works as major work centre for residents of Kupwad.
5.6.2 Distribution of Employment in Various Sectors
The distribution of employment in formal in informal sector is
studied with the help of municipal documents, census data and other
records. The formal sectors comprises employment in industrial, bank,
health, vegetable and fruit market, market yard, etc. Though there are
various informal sectors only Khokhas and Rickshaw derivers are
considered here.
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 165 -
5.6.2.1 Industrial Sector
The MIDC area in SMKMC is spread in 166 hectare and occupied
501 plots. The area of each plot is varies from 500 to 4800 sq m. In this
sector about 262 units are working mainly in the field of engineering
industries. This place is providing jobs for about 2620 employees.
Marathe Industrial Estate is another employment sector mainly engaged
in engineering units provides job for about 360 employees. This
industrial estate was considered as pioneer in the field of industrial
sector. Vasantdata cooperative sugar mill is the distinction of being the
largest in Asia, employs about 1500 workers. In past few years it was not
functioning smoothly due to several reasons but now again it is restarted
and gaining its old position. Vasantdata industrial estate is containing
98 industries in which about 980 employees are working.
Kupwad industrial area (Kupwad MIDC) is not coming under
SMKMC limit but it is located in close vicinity of Kupwad and main
source of employment for the people of adjacent areas. There are total
372 units, out of which 363 are in working condition employing about
3630 workers. This sector includes various types of industries such as
engineering, chemical, fabrication, fertilizers, food and bakery,
foundry/casing, hospital equipments, cold storage, poultry, textile, etc.
Overall the industrial sector is providing jobs for ten thousand
employees.
5.6.2.2 Employment in Other Formal Sectors (Bank, Education, Health,
Markets, etc.)
There are about 137 banks within SMKMC limit employ about
2000 employees. In case of education sector there are 162 primary
schools, 60 High schools and 29 colleges are functioning in SMKMC
limit. These institutes are having about 3000, 2200 and 1600 employees
respectively. In Health sector, total numbers of medical facilities in
SMKMC area are about 348 out of which 163 are having beds facilities
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 166 -
and providing job for about 5000 persons. In Vasantdata market yard,
there are total 825 merchants, 750 commission agent, 400 diwanji
(clerk), 1117 hamaal, 62 bullackcart workers, 16 brokers and 124 weigh
men. In this premises 13 banks are functioning with 195 employees.
Hence as a total there are 3489 employees engaged in various kinds of
tasks.
Vishnuanna Patil Vegetable and Fruit market is another place of
employment. The quantity of vegetables and fruits that come in
Vishnuanna Patil market is 57000 quintals/month. The transactions of
Rs 11 lakhs/day take place which becomes about Rs 3.3 crores/month.
There are total 84 owners along with 84 diwanji, 23 tolaidar, 43 hamaal,
36 market staff and 10 restaurant workers. The bank functioning in this
premise is having 6 employees. Through out the week (Monday to
Sunday) at least one or more place of SMKMC is having weekly market.
The weekly markets functioning in city area have engaged about 11500
vegetable sellers (4500 in Sangli and 7000 in Miraj).
The total
number of
traders in
SMKMC is
10750 and per
shop there are
two persons
engaged per
shop hence
there are about 21500 employees engaged in this sector. The details of
retail traders is given in Table5.1
5.6.2.3 Employment in Informal Sector
Around 9100 workers are employed in informal sector, which
includes Khokhas and Rickshaw derivers. The total number of Auto
Table 5.1 Number of Retail Traders in SMKMC area
Sr. No
Type of Trade Approx. Number
Sr. No
Type of Trade Approx. Number
1 Kirana 5000 7 Jewelers 100
2 Stationary 1000 8 Book Stall 150
3 Cloth 1000 9 Cyber Café 75
4 Ready-made 800 10 Computer Institutes 25
5 Shoes 300 11 STD Booth 200
6 Electronics 100 12 Others 2000
Source: SMKMC Municipal Records (2006)
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 167 -
Rickshaw as per auto driver association is about 2700 and in 7000
khokhas about 8400 persons are working.
5.6.2.5 Distribution of Workers
The municipal records depicts that, about 24% of the work force is
engaged in trade and commerce followed by Manufacturing, Processing,
Service and Repairs done other than household industry (21%) and other
service sector (21%). This indicates that more than half of the work force
belongs to tertiary sector and the major occupation of the people in
SMKMC area is trade and commerce. A very small percentage of
population is engaged in agriculture particularly in Sangliwadi and outer
areas of Sangli, Miraj and Kupwad. About 10% of work force in SMKMC
area is agriculture based but in Kupwad, about one fourth of the work
force is in agriculture.
5.7 Demographic Dimensions
As per the changing population the spatial dimension of city is also
changes. The prime factors of increasing spatial dimension of the city are
the population growth and related requirements of urban life, such as
development of transport and communication and others infrastructure
facilities (Acharya and Nangia, 2004). The general demographic
information of urban area is discussed in Chapter-II. This section deals
with some minute details of demographic aspects of urban centres for
the period of 1971 to 2001. Table-5.2 depicts some facts of urban centers
in Miraj tahsil. It is useful for the comparative analysis as well as to
understand the changes occurred in the region.
Figure-5.6 shows the decadal population change in the urban
centers of Miraj tahsil. There is constant rise in the population of Miraj
whereas in case of Sangli there is rapid rise (74121 people) within 1981
to 1991 but for period 1991 to 2001 there is very negligible (5596 person)
rise.
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 168 -
Comparatively after 1981 Kupwad has expanded very fast, whereas
there are not many changes in Madhavnagar. In 1971 the population of
Madhavnagar was 8853 which reaches to 10993 in 2001 where as
Kupwad was having 9351 people in 1971 which becomes 59308 in 2001.
Table 5.2 Demographic Facts of Urban Centres
Sangli
Year Population Male Female
Sex Ratio per
1000 Male
Decadal Growth
Decadal Growth Rate %
House-hold
House-hold Size
Area in sq km
Density / sq km
1971 115138 61485 53653 873 - - 21790 5.28 42.5 2709
1981 152389 79957 72432 906 41300 55.93 28617 5.33 42.5 3586
1991 226510 117823 108687 922 37251 32.35 37726 6.00 42.5 4546
2001 232106 119076 113030 949 74121 48.64 47632 4.87 42.5 5461
Miraj
Year Population Male Female Sex
Ratio Decadal Growth
Decadal Growth Rate %
House-hold
House-hold Size
Area in sq km
Density / sq km
1971 77606 40266 37340 927 - - 13552 5.73 42.68 1818
1981 105455 54534 50921 934 24261 45.48 18259 5.78 42.68 2471
1991 125407 64415 60992 947 27849 35.89 24294 5.16 42.68 2938
2001 145367 74345 71022 955 19952 18.92 27716 5.24 42.68 3406
Kupwad
Year Population Male Female Sex
Ratio Decadal Growth
Decadal Growth Rate %
House-hold
House-hold Size
Area in sq km
Density / sq km
1971 9351 5236 4115 786 - - 1550 6.03 20.63 453
1981 13255 7240 6015 831 3904 29.45 2724 4.87 20.63 643
1991 37127 21509 17491 813 23872 64.3 7810 4.75 20.63 1800
2001 59308 30879 28429 921 22181 37.4 12767 4.65 20.63 2875
Madhavnagar
Year Population Male Female Sex
Ratio Decadal Growth
Decadal Growth Rate %
House-hold
House-hold Size
Area in sq km
Density / sq km
1971 8853 4836 4017 831 - - 1821 4.86 2.59 3418
1981 11144 6005 5139 856 2291 20.56 2249 4.96 2.59 4303
1991 11834 6230 5604 900 690 5.83 2350 5.04 2.59 4569
2001 10993 5658 5335 943 -841 -7.65 2350 4.68 2.59 4244
Budhgaon
Year Population Male Female Sex
Ratio Decadal Growth
Decadal Growth Rate %
House-hold
House-hold Size
Area in sq km
Density / sq km
1971 8701 4536 4165 918 - - 1443 6 10.7 813
1981 10473 5462 5011 917 1772 16.92 1907 5.50 10.7 979
1991 13041 7027 6014 856 2568 19.69 2544 5.13 10.7 1219
2001 14728 7805 6923 887 1687 11.45 2933 5.02 10.7 1376
Source: Complied from District Census Handbook, CD and Regional Planning Report.
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 169 -
The rapid rise in population of Kupwad shows the expansion and
development occurred in and around Kupwad. There is decrease in the
population of Madhavnagar i.e. in 1991 it was 11834 which becomes
10993 in 2001 and the growth rate is in negative (-7.65). Although
Budhgaon is considered as one of the centres there is no much change in
its population because, there is absence of major spatial determinants to
create changes. Only some minor transformations are occurred due to
the existence of Vasantdada Patil Engineering College.
The total area of Madhavnagar is very small hence there is no
scope for expansion and Sangli is already occupied huge area hence the
population growth rate in this area is low. An opposite Kupwad and Miraj
area is having huge potential area for the expansion so the growth rate is
high. Since Budhgaon is quite away from Sangli and Miraj the scope for
its expansion is low. The location of proposed (Old) Airport could support
to the development of Budhgaon, but this possibility also seems rare.
Because there is plan to build the Airport in the western side of Sangli in
the saline waste land. The farmers are agreed to give their land for built
Population Growth
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
Sangli Miraj Kupwad Madhavnagar BudhgaonLocation
Po
pu
lati
on
1971
1981
1991
2001
Fig.5.6 Population Growth of Urban Centres in Miraj Tahsil
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 170 -
new Airport and preliminary survey is also completed (Pudari, 5-March
2009). Therefore, if Airport is shifted to new place then in future also
there is no scope for the expansion and development of Budhgaon and
adjacent area.
The regional planners have predicted the population of urban
centres during 1970s. As per their assumptions, the population of
Madhavnagar in 2001 will be 35,375 persons, Miraj (3,10,122), Sangli
(4,60,102), Kupwad (15,452) and Budhgaon (14,377). Also estimation is
made that village Savali will be one of the urban centre with the
population of 2057. But in reality, the made assumptions and the actual
population figures as per 2001 census are quite different. In 2001 Sangli
is having total population 2,32,106, Miraj (1,45,367), Kupwad (59,308),
Madhavnagar (10,993) and Budhgaon (14,728). Most of the predictions
are failed i.e. in case of Sangli and Miraj superfluous predictions are
made but in reality only half of the estimation is taken place. Whereas in
case of Kupwad the difference is of 43856 persons i.e. the population
becomes triple than expectations. In case of Madhavnagar the difference
is of 24382 persons i.e. about double population expansion was expected
which was not happen in reality. It shows that Kupwad is expanded more
than expectations and Madhavnagar is not at all expanded as per the
estimation. The population of village Budhgaon is increased as per
expectations in fact this is the only assumption which is near about
accurate. Even village Savali is also expanded very fast i.e. double than
the estimation and its major reason is neighboring Kupwad industrial
area, but at present it is not a part of urban centre. One of the main
reasons for the failure of population estimations of Sangli and Miraj is,
rapidly increasing urban sprawls adjacent to urban centres. There are
many urban sprawls developed around Sangli and Miraj and peoples are
preferred it for the residence. The education, awareness in the society,
ever rising expenses, living cost, market inflations, etc. are the additional
causes for controlling the rapid population growth.
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 171 -
5.7.1 Population Density of Urban Centres
The population density of urban centres is mapped using 2001
census data (Fig.5.7). Only some wards in the hart of Sangli and Miraj
city are having high density. In Sangli there are three wards coming
under very high range i.e. above 45001 where as in Miraj there are eight
wards in same category. Ward number 65, 67 and 68 of Sangli are of
very high density areas whereas in Miraj ward no. 34, 35, 55, 56, 57, 58,
59 and 60 are of same class. Among these wards except ward number 58
in Miraj which is having two functions i.e. residential and commercial
rest all wards are having only single function i.e. residential. The
functional classification and population density of wards are correlates
each other. All outer marginal wards of urban centres are of very low
density areas i.e. below 5000 population
Sangli
Miraj
Kupwad
Madhavnagar
Budhgaon
N Urabn CentresPopulation Density
5 0 5 km
Legend
Scale
Density
Below 5000
5001 - 15000
15001 - 30000
30001 - 45000
Above 45001
Ward Limit
River
Urabn Centres
Urabn Centre Limit
Urabn Limit
Fig.5.7 Population density Map of Urban Centres in Miraj Tahsil
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 172 -
5.8 Morphological Units of the Urban Centres & Functional Classification
The spatial internal structure of city is the product of competitive
interaction between its people, market facilities, transport and
communication agencies, types of functions performed, etc. in the city
(Kurni, 2008). The functional zones of a city are subject to socio-cultural
and physical influences. The influence of function along with socio-
economic structure help in the formation of land use pattern. In the
process of understanding spatial characteristics of an urban centre a
functional reference is playing vital role. The preparation and
interpretation of land use map is a major part of urban analysis which is
having close relationship with the functional character of the city. Here
on the basis of different functions, the analysis of internal spatial
structure of urban centres is made. Fig.5.8, 10, 11 exhibits the ward
wise functions with their sequence (Down to Up) by majority and total
counts for the urban centres. The area has been classified into nine
functional zones namely Residential (R), Agriculture (A), Commercial (C),
Industrial (I), Undeveloped Residential (U), Waste Land (W),
Transportation and Communication (T), Public and Semi-Public (P), Park
and Grounds (G).
Fig.5.8 shows the functional classification of wards in Sangli,
number of functions in each wards and its order of preference e.g. ward
Fu
nc
tio
ns
►
P A
W U U W R W G W G T
R R A A U U R R R R C U U P
A I R R A A R A R A C C R R R C R R
Wards ► 1 2 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 39 40 41
R P R R
C C R R P C R A U R P
R P R R P C C C G C R R T R C R R P R R
42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68
Fig.5.8 Functional Classification of Sangli
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 173 -
no.1 is comprise of four functions in which Agriculture is the major
activity followed by Residence, Waste Land is the third major function of
this ward and Public and Semi-Public activities is the last function. Out
of 36 wards of Sangli, ward no one and twenty one is having maximum
functions i.e. four functions. There are thirteen wards having only one
function, eleven wards are of two functions and twelve wards consist of
three functions.
For the understanding the spatial pattern in better way it is
mapped using ward maps (Fig.5.9). The legend of map shows the ward
wise functional classification of urban centres. The peripheral wards (e.g.
no: 5,6,7,8 of Miraj and no: 1, 12, 14, 6, 18 from Sangli, all wards of
Budhgaon) having agriculture as main or subsidiary function.
A
A-R
A-R
A-R
A-R-W
A-R
U-R-A
I-U-R
A-R-U
A-R-W-P
A-T-P-R
A-U-R A-R-U
R-A-P
A-R
R-U-P
I-R
R-C-A
P-R-A
P-I
P
R
A-R
R
R-P
R-U
R
R-U-G R-U
A-R
T-R
R
R-U-I
R-U
R C-P-T
P
P
R
C-P RR
A-R-W
R
R-A
R-A-UR-U-W
R
T-P-R-G
C-R
R
A-R
RR
RR
R
R
R-U
R-C-W-A
C-RR
R
C-R
R
C-R-G
R
C-P-R
R
RR-C
C-R-PC-R
G-R-C
R-C
P-C-R
·
Functional Index
G-R-C
I-R
I-U-R
P
P-C-R
P-I
P-R-A
R
R-A
R-A-P
R-A-U
C-R-P
R-C-W-A
R-P
R-U
R-U-G
R-U-I
R-U-P
R-U-W
T-P-R-G
T-R
U-R-A
R-C
R-C-A
A
A-R
A-R-U
A-R-W
A-R-W-P
A-T-P-R
A-U-R
C-P
C-P-R
C-P-T
C-R
C-R-G
Legend
0 1 2 3 40.5km
Scale
(Functional Classification)
Urban Centres
Fig.5.9
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 174 -
In case of Miraj the functional classification is given in Fig 5.10.
Most of its wards
(12) are having
residential as main
function. Only two
wards i.e. no 9 and
36 is having four
major functions,
ward no twenty six
is having three
functions and rest all are of two functional wards.
Kupwad town is having only seven wards and all are of multiple
functions i.e. only one ward is of two functions and rest all are of three
functions. Agriculture, Residence and undeveloped residential are the
major functions of Kupwad. Madhavnagar is comprised of three main
functions i.e. residential, commercial and agriculture. Budhgaon is
containing six wards out of that five contains two functions i.e.
agriculture and residence. The exception is ward no four is comprised of
three functions i.e. agriculture, residential and waste land.
5.9 Testing of Urban Landuse Model for Sangli
There are different models proposed by various scholars like Von
Thunen, Coleman (Urban LU Model), Burgess (Concentric Zone), R.M.
Hurd & Homer Hoyt (Sector Theory), Meckenzi (Multiple Nuclei), Colby
(Dynamic Theory), Harries and Ullman (Multiple Nuclei) etc. Sector
Fu
nc
tio
ns
►
R
P R
R R R T U U
A A A A A I R R R R
Wards ► 5 6 7 8 9 26 27 28 29 30
G
R
R P I C
R C P R R T P R R R R R R R
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Fig.5.10 Functional Classification of Miraj
Fu
nc
tio
ns
►
U A A I P P A W
R R R U U A U C R P R R R R
A U P R R R R R A R A A A A
Wards ► 3 4 10 24 25 38 69 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
Kupwad Madhavnagar Budhgaon
Fig.5.11 Functional Classification of Kupwad, Madhavnagar and Budhgaon
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 175 -
theory (1939) and Multiple Nuclei (1945) both are the modifications of
Burgess‟s model (1923). As far as the real world situations is concerned
not even a single concepts is directly applicable to the Indian cities. In
fact Indian cities are having a long history of their growth and evolution
and it is complex mosaic of the old and new urban development (Mandal,
2000). The hypothetical pattern of landuse was postulated by Meckenzi
in 1933 and developed by Harris and Ullman in 1945. As per this theory
the landuse pattern of any city is not concentrating around single point
rather developed around several discrete locations. The concentration of
landuse patterns around various nuclei gives the city a cellular
structure. This concept is helpful to explain the structure of Indian cities
in some extent (Mandal, 2000). Therefore, in this section an attempt has
been made to test the Multiple Nuclei Theory for Sangli city.
In Sangli several centres act like growth pole and development is
taken place accordingly. Fig5.12 illustrates the structural model of Sangli
which comprises nine individual aspects. The CBD of Sangli is fort and
surrounding area which fulfills all essential characteristics. The district
collector office, treasury, related government offices, judicial court,
prison, etc. are located in fort area. The Municipal Corporation offices,
banks like ICICI, SBI, Fire Brigade, etc are also concentrated in same
area. As per the model low income class residence and wholesale trading
is adjacent to the CBD. Ganpati peth is the initial wholesale market
located adjacent to CBD in the north-western direction. Also the low
income group residential areas are also existed in the adjoining vicinity of
CBD e.g. Badam chowk, mutton market, Nal Bhag and residential area
behind Ganpati peth, etc.
The highest area of city is used by middle class residence which is
located in the middle of CBD and high class residence. The areas like
Shivaji nagar, around civil hospital, 100ft ring road, Amrai and timber
market surrounding areas, etc are the middle class residential areas of
Sangli. There is existence of outer commercial area in between high and
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 176 -
middle class residence i.e. zone of market yard. One additional low class
residential area is developed northern part of market yard. This came
into existence because of the workers working in market yard, timber
market and industries around Balaji mill are staying in this area.
A high-class residential district will normally locate at a distance
form a manufacturing district. In case of Sangli, Visharambag and
surrounding area is the high class residential area accomplishes all
characteristics as per standard model. The suburb of Sangli is developed
in northeastern direction outside the railway line towards Kupwad. The
areas of Abhay nagar, Sanjay Nagar, Arwade Park, Shinde mala, etc are
become part of residential suburb of Sangli.
The industrial sector of Sangli i.e. Vasantdada sugar factory, small
and medium
industries around
sugar factory, adjacent
industrial estate, etc
are situated far away
in the north-eastern
part. The industrial
suburb is also
developed in nearby
area i.e. the area
around Shanti Niketan
and settlement
opposite to sugar
factory (along
Madhavnagar road).
Up to some extent
Madhavnagar is also
considered as
4
8
5
6
7
9
3
3
9
1
3
32
¯Multiple Nuclei Model of Sangli
0 1 20.5 km
Scale
Legend
Krishna River
1-CBD
2-Wholesale Trading
3-Low Class Dwellers
4-Middle Class Dwellers
5-High Class Residences
6-Industrial Area
7-Outer Commercial Area
8-Residential Suburb
9-Industrial Suburb
Sangli-Limit
Krishna River
Fig.5.12
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 177 -
industrial suburb of Sangli. In case of Sangli, the places like educational
campus of Walcahand and Willingdon college, Vasantdata Sugar factory
and adjacent Industrial estate, Market yard and Balaji Mill surrounding
industries, civil hospital surrounding etc. are acted as nuclei in the
development of city.
Though the Multiple Nuclei model is applicable to large cities, here
it is tested for small city like Sangli. Moreover the above discussion revels
that Sangli city is fit in the criteria of Multiple Nuclei Model. All most all
characteristics are placed as per the standards of the model and
development / structure of city is seems accordingly.
5.10 Urban Amenities and Infrastructure
In a city, land is being used for various purposes like residential,
commercial, industrial, public and semipublic, parks and open spaces,
etc. The landuse of town or city is interrelated with transformations in
demographic condition, morphological conditions along with amenities
and infrastructural development (K. L. Kammar, 1995). Generally the
transformations in a town can be measured in terms of population
growth and growth in number of houses, educational facilities, medical
facilities, banking activity, transportation services etc. The spatial
distribution of some important amenities and its mapping is carried out
here. This will be helpful to understand the association between
amenities and landuse pattern.
Overall, the concentrations of amenities are noticed in Sangli and
Miraj than the outskirts (Fig.5.13). The central part (hart areas) of both
cities contains versatile amenities but rest areas are lagging in it
particularly Kupwad, Madhavnagar and Budhgaon. Now days due to the
development occurred around Wanlesswadi, many facilities are gathered
in this locality. Vasantdata Patil engineering college located in Budhgaon
has brought few changes in the surrounding areas. In other words, many
small businesses, activities started in this locality leads to change in
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 178 -
landuse as well as economic condition. More or less same condition can
be seen all over the places in the region.
J¬J¬J¬J¬
J¬
J¬J¬
J¬ J¬J¬J¬
J¬J¬J¬J¬J¬
J¬
¬
¬¬¬¬
¬
¬¬ ¬
¬¬
¬
¬¬
kjkj
kj
kjkj
kj
kj
kj
kj
kj
J®
J®
J®
J®
J®
J®
J®J® J®
J®J®J®J®
J®
J®
J®
J®
J®
J®J®
J®
J]
J]
J]J]
J]
J]
J]J]
J]J]J]
IH
IH
IH
IH
IH IHIH
IH
IH
JiJi
Ji
Ji
Ji
Ji
JiJi
Ji
JiJi
Ji
Ji
Ji
JiJi
JiJiJi
Ji
Ji
Ji
JiJi
JiJiJiJiJi
JiJi
Ji
JiJi
Ji JiJiJi
JiJi
"»
"»
"»
"»
"»"»
"»"»"»"»"»"»
"»
"»"»"»"»
"»"»"»
"»
"»
"»
"»
"»
"»
"»
"»
"»
"»"»
"»"»"»"»"»
"»"»
"»
"»"»
"»"»
"»"»
"»"»
"» "»
"»
ICICICICICICIC
IC ICICICICICIC
ICIC
IC
IC
IC
ICIC
ICIC
IC
IC
IC
IC
ICIC
ICICICIC ICICICIC ICICICIC
IC
ICIC
IC
ICIC
ICIC
GF
GF
8
5
1
4
3
9
7
18
26
16
70
14
6
12
38
69
76
2
10
22
74
25
53
71
11
36
24
39
37
13
75
61
23
63
73
27
40
43
2151
28
4115
33
66
42
19
29
72
5217 49
32
4850
20
46
54
62
31
6445
47
44
30
583435
5559
65
Amenities in Urban Centres
Miraj Tehsil
(2006)
Legend
GF Medical
IC Hospitals
"» School
Ji College
IH Library
J] Hostel
J® Ground Stadium
kj Garden-Park
¬ Cinema / Drama
J¬ Bank-ATM
Urban_Function
¹0 1 2 30.5
km
Scale
Fig.5.13 Spatial distribution of Amenities in Urban Centres of Miraj Tahsil
J¬J¬J¬J¬
J¬
J¬J¬
J¬ J¬J¬J¬
J¬J¬J¬J¬J¬
J¬
¬
¬¬¬¬
¬
¬¬ ¬
¬¬
¬
¬¬
kjkj
kj
kjkj
kj
kj
kj
kj
kj
J®
J®
J®
J®
J®
J®
J®J® J®
J®J®J®J®
J®
J®
J®
J®
J®
J®J®
J®
J]
J]
J]J]
J]
J]
J]J]
J]J]J]
IH
IH
IH
IH
IH IHIH
IH
IH
JiJi
Ji
Ji
Ji
Ji
JiJi
Ji
JiJi
Ji
Ji
Ji
JiJi
JiJiJi
Ji
Ji
Ji
JiJi
JiJiJiJiJi
JiJi
Ji
JiJi
Ji JiJiJi
JiJi
"»
"»
"»
"»
"»"»
"»"»"»"»"»"»
"»
"»"»"»"»
"»"»"»
"»
"»
"»
"»
"»
"»
"»
"»
"»
"»"»
"»"»"»"»"»
"»"»
"»
"»"»
"»"»
"»"»
"»"»
"» "»
"»
ICICICICICICIC
IC ICICICICICIC
ICIC
IC
IC
IC
ICIC
ICIC
IC
IC
IC
IC
ICIC
ICICICIC ICICICIC ICICICIC
IC
ICIC
IC
ICIC
ICIC
GF
GF
8
5
1
4
3
9
7
18
26
16
70
14
6
12
38
69
76
2
10
22
74
25
53
71
11
36
24
39
37
13
75
61
23
63
73
27
40
43
2151
28
4115
33
66
42
19
29
72
5217 49
32
4850
20
46
54
62
31
6445
47
44
30
583435
5559
65
Amenities in Urban Centres
Miraj Tehsil
(2006)
¹0 1 2 30.5
km
Scale
Legend
GF Medical
IC Hospitals
"» School
Ji College
IH Library
J] Hostel
J® Ground Stadium
kj Garden-Park
¬ Cinema / Drama
J¬ Bank-ATM
Urban Wards
Miraj Tahsil
Amenities in Urban Centres
(2006)
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 179 -
Table 5.3 Some important amenities and infrastructure in Urban Centres (1971-2001)
1971 1981 1991 2001
Category Name of Town Madhavnagar Miraj Sangli Madh. Miraj Sangli Madh. Miraj Sangli Madh SMK Urb. Agglom.
Total Population 8853 77606 115138 11144 105455 152389 11834 125407 226510 10993 436781
Road Length (km)
Pucca Road 7.5 46.18 81.35 7.5 43.24 94.17 7.5 53.55 169.41 7.5
Kachcha Road 15.5 2.84 69.45 15.5 7.03 76.09 15.5 98.14
System of Sewage OSD S/OSD S/OSD OSD S/OSD OSD OSD S/OSD
Number of Latrines
Water Borne - 530 1567 300 850 1567 625 2736 6450 1374 18739
Service 225 858 1692 225 858 1692 345 1260 2385 460 5245
Disposal Night Soil Method HL Tap T B/ST S/ST S/ST ST S/ST S ST B/HL/S/ST
Source of Supply Well SR SR T T T T T T T Well/SR/T
Fire Fighting Service Sangli Yes Yes Sangli Yes Yes Sangli Yes Yes Sangli Yes
Electrification (Number of
Connections)
Domestic 800 3650 6709 800 6200 10395 948 10420 17909 948 52860
Industrial 730 293 503 750 430 485 587 399 969 587 17650
Commercial 263 1381 2830 568 2390 5064 751 2835 6494 945 15840
Road Lighting (Points) 145 1791 2616 190 1900 2799 210 2755 4300 250 13750
Others 13 276 351 5 382 351 16 484 176 35 950
Medical Facilities
Hospital 13 1 15 9 17 13 2 58
Dispensary 6 32 8 6 33 16 6 24 16 10 146
Health Center 1 1 2 1 4 2 15
Family Planning Center 2 1 2 14 3 23
Nursing Home 8 4 7 6 5 1 20
Total Beds Count 790 189 820 205 12 2064 589 12 3985
Educational (Colleges for Degree and
Above)
Arts & Commerce 1 2 1 3 1 3 5
Commerce 1 2 2 2
Arts & Commerce 1 1 2 1 3
Arts, Commerce & Science 2 1 4 3 9 15
Law 1 1 1 1
Medical 1 1 2 2 4
Engineering 1 1 1 2
Polytechnics 1 1 1 1 4
Educational (Other)
Typewriting & Shorthand 9 17 13 20 10 20 35
Higher Secondary 1 6 14 1 6 20 1 6 21 1 27
Secondary, Matriculation 1 7 18 1 9 20 1 35
Junior College & High School 1 1 7 18 1 9 15 1 33
Primary School 4 28 45 4 34 56 6 40 66 7 129
Adult Literacy 2 6 15 8 5
Stadium 1 1 1 2 2 6
Cinema 3 6 1 5 9 1 6 10 2 20
Auditoria/Drama/Comm. Hall 1 2 1 3 5 9 29
Public Library/ Reading Room 2 1 1 1 3 2 1 4 5 1 25
Bank & Credit Societies
Number of Banks 3 8 16 4 19 39 7 23 45 8 82
Agri. Credit Society 1 2 5 55 1 7 65 2 82
Non-Agri. Credit Society 2 7 39 2 16 61 2 21 98 2 149
Source: Complied from District Census Handbook, CD and SMK Municipal Corporation Reports.
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 180 -
The major amenities are impacting on adjacent locality and bring
changes. The other important example is Wanless memorial hospital,
which creates new locality on Sangli-Miraj road by name Wanlesswadi.
Several well known educational institutes such as Bharati Vidyapeeth,
Vasantdata Management Institute, Ambai Educational society, etc are
gathered here. Also business centres like Hero Honda show room, sales
offices, commercial shops, petrol pumps, governmental offices, etc are
developed here. As a result automatically it promoting to landuse change
and supporting to positive development.
There are hundreds of hospitals with multi-specialty services are
functioning in this area. Miraj is famous for medical services and many
patients from Maharashtra and Karnataka are visiting here for the
treatment. Due to this many constructions for medical facilities are
erecting in this locality along with its supplementary activities. Though
each amenity is individual and having its own sphere of influence it
maintains close relation between each other. In fact all amenities,
utilities are collectively keeping its impact on landuse and produce
several changes in a region
Table-5.3 shows the status of some important amenities and
infrastructure during 1971 to 2001. The range of amenities and
infrastructural aspect is quite large therefore, only few important aspects
are studied here. There is no much change in-between 1971 to 81 but
after 1991 rapid transformations can be seen in medical facilities,
educational services, electrical connections, etc. In other wards there is
rapid change start after 1991 in which amenities and infrastructure
plays a vital role. The continuously increasing road length is a sign of
day-by-day increasing built-up area. As per 2001 census about 4.5 lakh
people are residing in the urban agglomeration and to fulfill their
Key:
HL- Head Loads T- Tap B- Baskets S-Sewerage
ST- Septic Tank Latrines Pt- Pit System SR- Service Reservoir T- Tap Water
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 181 -
demands and necessities many new sectors are emerging. The rising
number of latrines is the sing of increasing social awareness of health in
the peoples. The number of electric connection is highlighting the
transaction occurring in all sectors viz. residential, commercial,
industrial, etc.
Collectively, the amenities and infrastructural changes in the
urban areas highlights that, there is constant and swift change in the
urban landuse pattern plus economic sector.
5.11 Urban Landuse / Landcover
This section details with various aspects of urban landuse and
landcover. The review of urban regional planning report is conducted to
understand the urban condition during 1970s and actual condition of
2006.
5.11.1 Urban Landuse / Landcover Mapping
Acknowledge of landuse and landcover of urban areas is an
important task for many planning and management activities. The
mapping of landuse / landcover conditions for present (2006-07) and
past (1971-72) are carried out by using various inputs. During 1970s
Sangli and Miraj were functioning as independent municipalities and
Madhavnagar was declared as census town and adjacent villages i.e.
Kupwad, Budhgaon and Savali was considered as proposed urban area.
Fig.5.14 represents the landuse / landcover details of the urban
centres. During 1970s major portion of urban land was utilized for
agriculture. Because of the water availability, the land parcels along river
course and some of the patches are under irrigated farming. The urban
development of 1970s took place haphazardly in between Sangli and
Miraj particularly along Sangli-Miraj road and railway track. The
available industrial patches are the sign of industrial development in the
study area. Vasantdada sugar factory, Balaji Mill and surroundings,
Marathe Industrial Estates, ST Workshop, etc. was functioning as
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 182 -
industrial areas. At the same time the open land available at eastern side
of Kupwad was also planned for the upcoming industrial projects.
Because of the Miraj junction, the landuse under transport and
communication was having considerable share i.e. 9.2 per cent to total
land (393.62 ha). The public and semi-public activities are also occupied
4.18 per cent (178.97 ha) area, in which Walchand and Willingdon
College occupies major portion.
About 1.66 per cent (70.94 ha) area was under trade and
commerce activity. Rest categories like Water bodies 1.12% (48.05 ha),
Park and Grounds 0.51% (22 ha) and Public Utilities 0.15% (6.45 ha)
Fig.5.14
.0 0.4 0.80.2 km
Scale
Legend
Residential
Trade & Commerce
Industrial Area
Public & Semi Public
Transport & Communication
Open Space, Parks & Grounds
Water Bodies
Vacant Land (Un-developed)
Agriculture (Irrigated)
Agriculture (Un-Irrigated
Cemetery, Public Utilities
Urban Landuse / Landcover(1971-72)
Miraj Tehsil
.0 0.5 10.25 km
Scale
Legend
Residential
Trade & Commerce
Industrial Area
Public & Semi Public
Transport & Communication
Open Space, Parks & Grounds
Water Bodies
Vacant Land (Un-developed)
Agriculture (Irrigated)
Agriculture (Un-Irrigated
Cemetery, Public Utilities
Urban Landuse / Landcover(1971-72)
Miraj Tehsil
Source: Urban Planning Report of Sangli
Miraj Tahsil
Urban Landuse / Landcover (1971-72)
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 183 -
were having relatively small share. The proportion of undeveloped land
(in fact rapidly developing land) was more i.e. 5.84 per cent (249.67 ha)
which was going to be utilized for residence, industries or other purposes
in coming days
In adjacent villages only Madhavnagar was having some industrial
activities. Therefore, except residential and industrial use rest land was
under agricultural use. Village Kupwad was also an agricultural village
but some patches of Industries and public and semi-public activity was
started establishing gradually.
The landuse / landcover map of 2006-07 is prepared by using
1mtr spatial resolution satellite data, records provided by Municipal
Corporation, GPS reading and field visit. Fig.5.15 represents detail
Miraj Tehsil
Urban Landuse / Landcover
(2006-07)
Agriculture
Transportation
Water Body
Commercial
Industrial
Open Land
Public & Semi-Public
Public Utilities
Recriation
Residential
Urban Limit
Legend
0 2 41 km
.Scale
Fig.5.15
Miraj Tehsil
Urban Landuse / Landcover
(2006-07)
Agriculture
Transportation
Water Body
Commercial
Industrial
Open Land
Public & Semi-Public
Public Utilities
Recriation
Residential
Urban Limit
Legend
0 0.5 10.25 km
.Scale
Miraj Tehsil
Urban Landuse / Landcover
(2006-07)
Agriculture
Transportation
Water Body
Commercial
Industrial
Open Land
Public & Semi-Public
Public Utilities
Recriation
Residential
Urban Limit
Legend
0 0.4 0.80.2 km
.Scale
Miraj Tahsil
Urban Landuse / Landcover (2006-07)
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 184 -
condition of landuse / landcover in 2006-07. The urban area of 2006
was comprised of SMK Municipal Corporation along with Madhavnagar
and Budhgaon. In 2006 the highest land was occupied by agriculture i.e.
48.59 per cent to total area (5429.78 ha), followed by residential area
16.21% (1810 ha) and developing area 16.23% (1813 ha). The Transport
and communication category has spread on 9.32% (1041.89ha) area. The
industrial sector covers 2.51% land (280.85 ha), whereas public and
semi public activities occupies 4.16% (464.76ha) area
The trade and commerce category occupy 93.57ha but its
percentage is decreased and becomes 0.84%. The area under open space,
parks and grounds are comparatively very less i.e. 31.74ha (0.28%). The
cemetery and public utilities occupied 59.27ha land and its percentage
become 0.53. About 147.87ha area is occupied by water bodies and its
share is 1.32 per cent to total urban area
5.11.2 Change in City Pattern
The structure of city pattern is changed in few decades. During
1970s the urban area (City Pattern) was Sangli-Miraj-Madhavnagar
(SMM) which is changed as Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad (SMK). Madhavnagar is
situated in the urban fringe area and adjacent industrial sector help in
its development.
Table 5.4 Landuse Statistics and Trend of Change
Sr. No.
Land use Categories
Sangli-Miraj-Madhavnagar
(1971)
Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad (2006)
Trend of Change (+ / -)
Area in Hectare
% to Total Area
Area in ha
% to Total Area
Change in area ha
Change in %
1 Residential 416.6 9.74 1810.98 16.21 1394.38 334.70
2 Trade & Commerce 70.94 1.66 93.57 0.84 22.63 31.90
3 Industrial Area 142.04 3.32 280.85 2.51 138.81 97.73
4 Public & Semi Public 178.97 4.18 464.76 4.16 285.79 159.69
5 Transport & Communication
393.62 9.2 1041.89 9.32 648.27 164.69
6 Open Space, Parks & Grounds
22 0.51 31.74 0.28 9.74 44.27
7 Cemetery, Public Utilities 6.45 0.15 59.27 0.53 52.82 818.91
8 Agriculture 2749.33 64.27 5429.78 48.59 2680.45 97.49
9 Water Bodies 48.05 1.12 147.87 1.32 99.82 207.74
10 Vacant Land (Developing) 249.67 5.84 1813.29 16.23 1563.62 626.27
Total Area 4277.67 100 11174 100 6896.33
Source: Town planning report and SMK Municipal Corporation reports.
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 185 -
Due to close proximity many warehouses, small scale industries
are gathered in Madhavnagar. Therefore, during 1970s development plan
Madhavnagar was considered as third city center of Sangli-Miraj urban
agglomeration. Later on due to various reasons the scenario is changed
and Madhavnagar is not developed as per the made predictions. The
development of Madhavnagar was lagged behind and Kupwad is emerged
very fast and present city pattern Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad is developed.
Considering the expansion and growth of these three sub centers
Maharashtra Government declared this area as Municipal Corporation.
The comparison of spatio-temporal statistics of landuse between two
urban clusters i.e. Sangli-Miraj-Madhavnagar (SMM) and Sangli-Miraj-
Kupwad (SMK) given in Table5.4 which is quite interesting. In case of
area, SMM occupied 4277.67 ha area which becomes 11174 ha for SMK
urban cluster i.e. about 6900 ha additional land came under urban use.
The agriculture land of SMM was 2749 ha (64.27% to total area) in 1971,
which is increased by 2680 ha and becomes 5429 ha for SMK in 2006
but its percentage gets down to 48.59% to total area. The Residential
area was 9.74% with SMM which is increased by 1394 ha and becomes
16.21% for SMK. Same time the proportion of vacant land in increased
by 1563 ha; earlier it was 5.84% which becomes 16.23%. There are some
categories which are having moderate change such as Transport and
Communication (648.27 ha), Public and Semi-public areas (285 ha),
Industrial sector (138.81 ha). Whereas there are some classes, which
does not contains much change i.e. Water Bodies and Cemeteries &
Public Utilities. In case of water body it was having 1.12% share which
becomes 1.32% and the actual change is 99.82 ha. The Cemeteries &
Public Utilities is increased by 52 ha i.e. earlier it was 0.15% which
becomes 0.53%. The Trade and Commerce is increased by 22 ha but its
share is decreased i.e. earlier it was 1.66% which becomes 0.84%. Same
thing is happened with Open Space, Parks & Grounds category; though
it is raised by only 9 ha area, its share is decreased from 0.51% to
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 186 -
0.28%. In this segment, the change which is measured in terms of area is
not representing the clear-cut change because there is change in base
area as well (Madhavnagar is comparatively smaller than Kupwad).
Therefore, in next section the detail analysis of landuse for each town is
carried out separately.
5.11.3 Predicted Landuse and Reality
During 1970s the planners have studied Sangli-Miraj urban area
and predicted the condition after 20 years (i.e. for 1991). The decrease in
agriculture land i.e. conversion in residential areas and increasing
vacant land is noticed in Sangli-Miraj urban area. The details of
predicted landuse for 1991 are given in Appnedix-5.2. To check the
predictions success actual 1991‟s landuse data is not available hence its
comparison is made with 2001 data. There is distinction noticed in
prediction made for year 1991 and actual condition of 2001.
Moreover, the predictions are quite precise for Trade & Commerce,
Public Utilities, and Transportation classes. There is rise in Agriculture
as well as Vacant land and it is natural because the limit of Sangli was
expanded and actual area of Sangli is increased. The prediction of
Residential, Industrial, Parks & Grounds are not increased as per
expectation. In 1971 Sangli was having 241.75 ha land under residential
use and as per perdition it was expected that it will reach to 1080.8 ha in
1991 but in 2001 it became 741.58 ha. The important point is that, the
population is not raised as per estimation; hence the residential area is
also not expanded. Sangli is well known commercial town and
maintained suitable growth in commercial sector of the city. In 1971 it
was occupied 48.35 ha and expected 55.71 ha in 1991 which becomes
68.39 ha in 2001.
The predictions made for Miraj are also not as per expectations for
year 1991 but most of them achieved the assumptions up to year 2001.
The exceptional classes are Residential, Park & Ground and Transport &
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 187 -
Communication. It was considered that Transport and Communication is
the main function of Miraj and it will grow accordingly in future. But in
reality Transportation activity is lagged behind and Hospitals are
increased very fast and the function of the city becomes Medical services.
It was assumed that the Public & Semi-Public class will reached up to
91.8 ha in 1991 but in 2001 it has occupied 165.81 ha area. It was
expected that in 1991 Open Space, Parks & Grounds class will cover 44
ha land but in 2001 also it occupied only 3.21 ha area. These statistics
shows that the proportion of Open Space, Parks & Grounds are not
enough rather it is lagging in both Sangli and Miraj city
5.11.4 Change in Landuse and Landcover
Change detection is the process of identifying differences in the
state of an object or phenomenon by observing it at different times
(Singh, 1965). There are various changes occurred in the urban areas in
terms of population, economic development, social structure, but in this
section the focus is paid on changes occurred in landuse / landcover of
urban area.
Change in Landuse (+/-) (1971-2001)
23.52
0.94
-0.07
-0.42
0.42
1.27
20.28
40.54
-0.43
13.95
14.55
0.07
6.47
5.62
-0.04
0.72
-5.00
50.02
3.85
23.74
122.02
0.76
-2.47
6.56
0.33
2.38
61.39
-168.06
-3.28
80.40
-180 -130 -80 -30 20 70 120
Residential
Trade and Commercial
Industrial
Public and Semi Public
Open Space, Park, & Grounds
Cemetery, Public Utilities
Transport and communication
Agriculture
Water Bodies
Vacant Land
Cate
go
ry
%
Kupwad
Miraj
Sangli
Fig.5.16 Change in Urban Landuse with proportion to total area
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 188 -
Satellite Images (RS data) and use of Geographical Information
Systems (GIS) is having ability to demarcate the landuse change and one
can prepare comprehensive plus smart plan for the development of
region. The level of change detection and measurement is depends on the
spatial scale i.e. conversion from one type of use to another or
modification particular landuse class. The detail statistics of urban
landuse for each centre is given in Appendix-5.2
Fig.5.16 depicts the rise and fall in landuse categories for Sangli,
Miraj and Kupwad. These figures are derived from the calculation of
available statistics. The huge decrease is noticed in agriculture land of
Kupwad and increase in residential area as well as in Transport &
Communication sector. The proportion of Vacant Land (developing) is
also high which will be utilized for the urban use very soon. This is an
indicator of rapidly occurring urbanization in and around Kupwad
The fair amounts of changes are noticed in Sangli as well,
particularly in Residence, Transport & Communication, Vacant Land,
etc. In case of Miraj there is no much change except Public & Semi-
Public and Industrial Sector. Some portion of Miraj is occupied by
Industrial sector (Miraj MIDC) in which some transformations are taken
place. Overall the categories like Residence, Transport &
Communication, Vacant Land and Agriculture are having major changes
and an opposite there are no much transformations in rest categories.
5.12 Built-up Area Changes
The changes in built-up area (BUA) are examined with the help of
satellite image datasets. The image classification technique is applied to
classify the landsat and IRS data and derived results are presented in
Fig5.17. The red colour patches represents built-up area which seems
increasing continuously. The changes occurred in patches i.e. along
Islampur road, towards Madhavnagar, in Kupwad particularly in the
marginal areas of Sangli and Miraj, around Kupwad MIDC, etc. It seems
1991
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 189 -
that people have chosen the localities which are well accessible to all
urban centres and also containing good infrastructural facilities. The
expansion of built-up is happening in various patches like sprawls.
5.12.1 Ward wise Changes in Built-up Area
The actual changes in built-up area especially ward wise increase
is studied here. The built-up of 1971 and 2006 is overlaid on each other
to understand the area of change. The core wards of Sangli and Miraj
(ward no 54 to 60, 45, 47, 49 and 64 to 68) are already covered its entire
area hence there are no changes in it.
The purple colour patches in Fig.5.18 are the built-up of 1971. The
brown patches are representing the built-up area of 2006 which is
ultimately the location of change. There are total 14 wards which have
expanded more than 100ha, particularly Miraj (3), Sangli (4) and Kupwad
©Landuse / Landcover Map
(2005)
Urban Cluster
Legend
Saline Land
Water Body
River
Built Up Area
Agriculture
Vegetation
Waste Land
Harvested (Fallow Land)
0 1 2 30.5 km
Scale
©
0 2.5 51.25 km
Scale
Legend
Water Body
River
Saline Land
Built Up Area
Agriculture
Vegetation
Waste Land
Harvested (Fallow Land)
Landuse / Landcover Map
(2000)Urban Cluster
Landuse / Landcover Map
(1991)©
Legend
Built Up Area
Waste Land
Harvested (Fallow Land)
Agriculture
Vegetation
River
Water Body
Saline Land 0 1 2 3 40.5 km
Scale
Urban Cluster
©Landuse / Landcover Map
(2002)
Urban Cluster
Agriculture
Vegetation
Built Up Area
Harvested Land (Fallow Land)
Waste Land (Open Land)
River
Water Body
Saline Land
Legend
Scale0 1 2 30.5 km
Fig.5.17 Changes in built-up area of urban centres
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 190 -
(6+1). The maximum built-up is taken place in Kupwad i.e. all six wards
are recorded more than 100ha expansion.
The highest expansion is noticed in ward no 26 which is located
adjacent to Miraj industrial
sector. Although Budhgaon
and Madhavnagar are the
census towns these areas are
also noticed changes i.e. in
Budhgaon maximum recorded
change is 15.46ha and in
Madhavnagar 46.35ha. Table-
5.5 is the ward wise summary
of BUA changes in the urban
Table 5.5 Ward-wise changes in Urban BUA (2006)
Class (Change in ha)
Total Wards
Ward Numbers
No Change 15 54 to 60, 45, 47, 49, 64 to 68
0.01 to 10 21 Bu 3 to 6 & 16, 17, 19 to 21, 29 to 36, 44, 46, 48, 50
11 to 50 19
Bu-1, 2, Ma-1 & 2, 6, 8, 15, 18, 27, 28, 37, 40 to 43, 51, 52, 62, 63
51 to 100 7 1, 7, 11, 13, 23, 39, 61
101 to 150 7 9, 10, 14, 24, 25, 53, 69
Above 151 7 3 to 5, 12, 22, 26, 38
Source: Calculated on the basis of vector analysis
74°40'0"E
74°40'0"E
74°37'30"E
74°37'30"E
74°35'0"E
74°35'0"E
74°32'30"E
74°32'30"E
16°55'0"N 16°55'0"N
16°52'30"N 16°52'30"N
16°50'0"N 16°50'0"N
16°47'30"N 16°47'30"N
Built-up Area ChangeSangli-Miraj Urban Cluster
(1971 - 2006)"
2 0 2 4 61
km
Scale
Legend
Ward Limit
Built-up Area - 1971
Built-up Area - 2006
Fig.5.18 Spatio-temporal changes in built-up areas of urban centres
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 191 -
centres of Miraj tahsil. The classes are made randomly based on the
calculations. There are about 21 wards which are having minor increase
i.e. below 10ha. The category 11 to 50 consists of total 19 wards and
class 50 to 100 contains 7 wards.
The rise of more than 100ha is noticed in 14 wards out of that
seven are below 150ha and seven are above. The changes in built-up
area of individual wards are presented through map (Fig5.19).
5.13 Urban Problems
The list of problems is quite long but here in this study focus is
made on only few major problems.
5.13.1 Transportation and Traffic
The urban centres are containing two types of transportations i.e.
local and regional. Since the main roads of the tahsil are passing through
the urban centres huge unnecessary transport vehicle are passing
8
5
1
4
3
9
7
18
26
16
70
14
6
12
38
69
76
2
10
22
74
2553
71
11
36
24
39
75
61
23
37
13
63
73
2740
43
21
51
28
4115
72
52
42
1917
29
49
32
48
54
62
31
58
34
Change in Built-up Area(1971 to 2006)
0 1 2 30.5km
ScaleK
Legend
Wardwise-ChangeClass of Change
Actual Change
No Change
0.01 to 10
11 to 50
50 to 100
101 to 150
Above 150
Fig.5.19 Ward wise change in Built-up area (1971-2006)
5
8
9
7
26
6
4
69
36
37
27
28
33
29
32
54 31
30
58
3435
55
5956
57
60Legend
Wardwise-ChangeClass of Change
Actual Change
No Change
0.01 to 10
11 to 50
50 to 100
101 to 150
Above 150
Change in Built-up Area(1971 to 2006)
0 0.5 1 1.50.25km
ScaleK
21
15
66
19
1
49
43
22
4850
14
20
46
64
18
45
47
16
44
65
51
68
63
67
17
Legend
Wardwise-ChangeClass of Change
Actual Change
No Change
0.01 to 10
11 to 50
50 to 100
101 to 150
Above 150
Change in Built-up Area(1971 to 2006)
0 0.1 0.2 0.30.05
km
ScaleK
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 192 -
through the city. Due to this increased traffic it creates several
cumulative problems. The vehicles associated with industrial and
commercial sector of the city are also creates traffic problem. The narrow
roads in the internal parts of the city are inadequate to manage the
traffic flow. The condition of existing by-pass roads (e.g. Kagwad-Tasgaon
road) is very bad therefore drivers do not prefer to travel on these roads
as result traffic on city roads is increasing. There are many commercial
spots in the city. Ganpati Peth is one of them which is a wholesale
market and having mixed landuse i.e. Commercial, residential and other
miscellaneous activities. Always many trucks and tempos are parked /
loading-unloading the goods which creates problem for traffic.
The public (City Buses and Sate Travel i.e. ST) transportations are
also having various problems particularly bus routs and their stops.
Many city bus routes are not having facility of bus stop and they stop on
the road to pick-up the passengers. Because of this many time traffic
gets stuck and accidents occurring in a hurry of overtaking the bus. The
ST busses moving towards Ashta (from main bus stand to Irwin Bridge)
are utilizing small lane as their route. This road is very narrow and
creates traffic jam on Maruti road, Harbhat road and inner lanes of city.
Likewise there are several problems which can not be explained here in
detail hence there is need of individual, in-depth study.
5.13.2 Drinking Water
At present the water for urban centres is provided from Krishna
River. The present need of water and water availability ratio is not
matching. Still there are many areas which are not having water supply
taps. The areas where tap connection is made available but water is not
been supplied and in some areas provided water is not sufficient. Overall
there is huge demand for drinking water. Particularly the outskirts and
areas of Kupwad are not receiving enough amount of water. Most of the
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 193 -
time water is supplied once in a two or three days hence there is water
shortage. More or less same condition is found in the all urban centres.
5.14.2 Sewage / Drainage System
Only some parts of Sangli and Miraj are having proper sewage /
drainage system. The rest areas are still functioning with open drainage
system particularly the outskirts are facing this problem severely. In case
of Kupwad there is no sewage / drainage system and at present natural
streams are using for releasing the sewage. Also the problem of solid
waste is another major issue. For Kupwad and outskirts of Miraj as well
as Sangli there are not proper garbage-waste collection centres. At
present there are some solid waste dumping yards functioning (e.g. on
Bedag road, on Kavathe Piran road, etc) but for rising population those
will not be enough.
5.13.3 Pollution
Like all cities, pollution is one the major problems harassing to
this urban area. In this area the problem of water pollution is major
issue than the other. Particularly Sheri nala is the main issue of water
pollution which creates health and environmental problems. The smoke
and smell creates unhealthy environment for residence so people prefer
to stay away form this area. Although air pollution is a problem in the
fringe areas of industrial sectors it is not that much big issue in today‟s
date. But waste water releasing from industries is the major issue where
focus should be made. The released industrial waste water is affecting
ground water e.g. many tube wells in Kupwad are getting harmful water.
5.13.4 Unplanned Settlement (Gunthewari Area)
Unplanned and uncontrolled expansion of built-up areas of city is
leading to several problems such as segregation of low-income groups in
particular areas, additional stress on existing amenities and services,
social problems, etc. There are many patches of gunthewari in all urban
centres and its spatial distribution is already mentioned in above section.
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 194 -
The proportion of gunthewari is expanding very fast which generating
problems in cumulative manner. Today this problem may seems normal
but in coming days it is going to be severe and create further problems
for planning and development process.
5.13.5 Functioning of Urban Planning Department
The unplanned settlement is creating many problems; therefore
town planning department has to implement some measures for
sustainable positive development. Presently huge amount of people are
staying in gaothan areas therefore, for that special planning is required.
In addition, detail action plan should be implemented to organize
haphazardly grown settlement patches and gunthewari areas.
5.13.6 Uneven Spatial Distribution of Educational, Health and Entertainment related Services
The spatial distributions of major services like Educational, Health,
Entertainment, Park and Gardens, etc. are unevenly distributed
(Fig.5.15). These are key facilities providing services to the residents of
the urban centres. Since there are multiple urban nuclei existed in study
area, the distribution of these services must be even. Most of the services
are gathered around CBD and peripheral areas are lagging for the
services.
5.14.7 Residential and other Miscellaneous Problems
The population of urban centres is continuously increasing (Table-
2.3, 5.2 and Fig.2.11) as a results the number of houses are also
increased. Due to this continuous expansion, in coming days there will
be problem of space for residence. The ever increasing land value is also
another important issue of focus. The land rates in Vishrambag, around
Wanlesswadi, Balajinagar, along 100 feet ring road, timber area, etc. are
very high so common man can not afford it. Other than this the Krishna
River is also put some restrictions on the residential expansion especially
the flood zone (low level area) of river and newly raised constructions in
this area is another major issue. The growing patch of slum is another
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 195 -
severe problem of this urban area. It is giving birth to crime, social
problems, congestion, sanitation and health problems and many more
related aspects. Normally the problems are closely associated to each
other and creates supporting environment for the growth of other
problem. Likewise the list of problems is never ending but some of the
important issues are discussed above.
5.14 Suggestions to the Urban Problems
As a research point of view here an attempt is made to give some
suggestions to overcome from the above listed problems. The below
discussion offer a direction to focus and take action.
5.14.1 Transportation and Traffic
The unnecessary traffic passing through city should divert through
outer roads. In this connections some ring roads needs to be develop
around city. The condition of by-pass road should be good for that time
to time maintenance is essential. The task of road widening should start
so that it should not crate problem today and tomorrow (presently same
task is carried out for all main roads in Pune, same kind of action is
needed for SMK.). In this concern most important thing is to destroy
encroachment taken place along the roads. There must be separation of
heavy and normal traffic wherein heavy traffic should divert form outer
roads. Also some strict traffic rules should made and avoid heavy
vehicles entry in peak hours.
To avoid traffic congestion in Ganpati peth, separate Truck
Terminus should developed in the adjacent low laying (flood prone) area
in the northern direction of Sangli. Same can be used for parking of
vehicles and reduce the overcrowding on the roads in CBD. The people
visiting to Ganpati temple and employees working in CBD can park their
vehicles in this area. Also to reduce the stress construction of additional
warehouses can be built in Kupwad industrial area or open land
available in village Savali.
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 196 -
Considering present and rising traffic conditions the roads
connecting to NH-4 towards Kolhapur and Peth Naka should be made of
multiple lanes. The main city bus stand needs to be shift towards
Madhavnagar quickly and divert the traffic through newly constructed
bridge. Detail survey has to be conduct to check the present bus routes
and find suitable locations for bus stops as well as alternative bus
routes. There should be strict constrains of traffic rules in accident
potential areas for overtaking, parking, speed, etc. to avoid the accidents.
5.14.2 Water Problem
The shortage of drinking water is worst problem which has to be
solved by systematic action plan. At present one water supply scheme is
in-process from Warana River. This is a big project and hopefully this will
meet the requirements and adequate water supply will be started.
Also a supporting plan of water harvesting plants for urban areas
should be conduct on various levels. It has to be made compulsory to the
new (big) projects and apartments and at the same time with some
subsidy it can be started for individual houses as well. This will fulfill at
least the demand of usable water and reduce pressure from drinking
water. At the same time the water of Black Stone Query (Kali Khan)
should purified at certain level and supply for domestic / industrial use.
5.14.3 Sewage / Drainage System
There should be close drainage systems for all areas of urban
centres. The waste water should not release directly in the natural
streams, this affects on the environment and health of the residents. The
waste water can be used for agriculture with some minor treatment i.e.
at least the plastics and other solid waste should remove from the drain,
so that the farmer can utilize this water. Provide the storage bins to all
major areas of solid waste dump and duly shift the waste in to main
dumping yards.
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 197 -
5.14.4 Pollution
As far as Sheri Nala is concern, to control the water pollution one
complete action plan should prepare and implemented. The filtered water
should provide for agriculture in the marginal areas. At any
circumstances it should not release in Krishna River. There are historical
evidences (time to time published in local news papers) that due to its
leakages health problems are created. In case of industrial waste, strict
action has to take who are releasing polluted water. There must be water
purification system of each industry and all of them must follow the rules
and regulations prepared time to time.
5.14.5 Utilization of Un-Developed Land
There is quite open land available in and around city e.g. the waste
land near Sangliwadi, area around Fruit Market, Kupwad surrounding,
etc. can be utilized for urban use. The geographic mean center of SMK
city is in-between Sangli - Miraj and Kupwad, where extensive open land
is available and with this growth rate, will become a heart of city in
future. Therefore, proper planning needs to be made and implemented
for the utilization of un-developed land.
5.14.6 Measures by Town Planning Department
The town planning department in the city has to act more strictly
and effectively. Also introduce the advanced technology like GIS, GPS
and Remote Sensing in the city planning and its various functions. The
expansion and development activity should take place in a systematic
way as per government rules and regulations. The area that comes under
the floods of the river should not be allowed for residence in fact, it can
be used as open space and parking purposes. About 170000 people
reside in the gaothan areas of Sangli, Miraj and Kupwad, for which
special planning can be done considering roads, footpaths, drinking
water, sanitation, etc. Proper focus has to be paid on the spatial
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 198 -
distribution of important services and establish the services in the
lagging areas.
As the problems are interlinked between each other, same way its
solution is also closely interlinked with each other. Once single problem
is resolved systematically it will help to tackle other related problems.
Hence systematic, efficient administration (Government) and constructive
support from politicians along with strong willpower of its residents can
help to overcome from the present problems.
5.15 Proposed Landuse / Landcover
The suggestions or proposals are very much useful for the
systematic development of a region. Each category may have some better
options for sustainable development point of view. This section deals with
the proposed landuse of the urban area in brief. (Some of the proposals
are already discussed in above section, i.e. 5.14 in Suggestion section.)
5.15.1 Urbanisable Area, Extent and Form
The demarcation of urbanisable area depends on future population
and its demand of residential area, needs of emerging industrial area,
present proportion of developed and undeveloped land, etc. SMK
Municipal Corporation has occupied 11174 ha land and 1080 ha land
covered by Census towns. In 1971‟s plan Sangli, Miraj, Kupwad,
Madhavnagar, Budhgaon and Savali are considered as urban area and
this area is quite capable to handle the requirements of 2025. This area
is containing enough undeveloped land hence no need of acquiring
additional area. But Savali, Bamnoli, Budhgaon and Madhavnagar have
to be acted as a part of urban centres and accordingly changes have to
be made in it.
5.15.2 Residential Area
The present percentage share of residential landuse of SMK depict
that, out of total about 35 % of the residents are concentrated in Sangli,
6% in Sangliwadi, 25% in Kupwad and Wanlesswadi and 34% in Miraj.
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 199 -
Considering the growth trend of population the population predictions
are made for future for that Registrar General (census of India) method is
applied. The formula is Pt = P2001 + P2001 * (P1991 – P1981) / P1981 *
t/10 where, Pt is Population of required year, t is no of years for
prediction, P2001 is the population of year 2001, P1991and P1981 is the
population of year 1991 and 1981 respectively. For year 2021 the
formula will be P2021 = 431014 + 421014 * (351917 – 271096) / 271096 * 20 /10
i.e. it will reach to 688007 (SMK) and around 31379 (Madhavnagar and
Budhgaon) in 2021. As per 2001 census, this urban area contains 93288
households and household size is about 5 hence for added 288372
population (256993 + 31379) it requires about 57674 households for
year 2021.
Miraj TehsilProposed Urban Landuse / Landcover
(2025)
Scale0 1 2 30.5
km
¸
Legend
Water Bodies
Transportation
Public & Semi-Public
Public Utilities
Recriation
Residential
Urban Limit
Industrial
Trade & Commercel
Fig.5.20
Scale0 0.25 0.5 0.750.125
km
¸
Miraj Tehsil
Proposed Urban Landuse / Landcover(2025)
Scale0 0.1 0.2 0.30.05
km̧
Miraj Tehsil
Proposed Urban Landuse / Landcover(2025)
Scale0 0.04 0.08 0.120.02
km̧
Miraj Tehsil
Proposed Urban Landuse / Landcover(2025)
Miraj Tahsil
Proposed Urban Landuse / Landcover
(2025)
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 200 -
Fig.5.21 City Centre and its Expansion
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 201 -
To meet the need of added household additional land is required.
At present 1813 ha land is undeveloped residential area and it can be
brought under actual residence very soon. Also there is quite huge un-
irrigated land around urban area which can also brought under
residential use as per the need. The area in south direction of 100feet
ring road, southern undeveloped land patch near Wanlesswadi, Northern
part of Kupwad, along Pandharpur and Malgaon road, North-eastern part
of Sangli along railway track, etc. are having potential for futuristic
residential development. But while developing this area the rules of town
planning has to be followed strictly
Table 5.6 Present and Proposed Landuse (2006 – 2025)
5.15.3 Industrial Sector
The industrial sector of Sangli-Miraj urban area is having lots of
contribution in the development of city. Presently about 300 ha land is
under industrial use which is 3 per cent to municipal area. Kupwad
Industrial area is outside corporation limit but it is benefited to the
Sangli-Miraj by all the way.
In SMK Municipal Corporation area out of total working
population 20.93% are main workers, 1.58% are marginal workers and
Sr. No. Land use Categories
Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad (2006)
Proposed Urban Area (2025)*
Proposed Trend of Change (+ / -)
Area in Hectare
% to Total Area
Area in Ha
% to Total Area
Change in area
Ha
Change in %
1 Residential 1810.98 16.21 4018 30.35 2207.02 121.87
2 Trade & Commerce 93.57 0.84 130.5 0.99 36.93 39.47
3 Industrial Area 280.85 2.51 379.2 2.86 98.35 35.02
4 Public & Semi Public 464.76 4.16 563.1 4.25 98.34 21.16
5 Transport & Communication 1041.89 9.32 1521 11.49 479.11 45.98
6 Open Space, Parks & Grounds
31.74 0.28 227.6 1.72 195.86 617.08
7 Cemetery, Public Utilities 59.27 0.53 101.6 0.77 42.33 71.42
8 Agriculture 5429.78 48.59 4792 36.20 -637.78 -11.75
9 Water Bodies 147.87 1.32 270 2.04 122.13 82.59
10 Vacant Land (Developing) 1813.29 16.23 1235 9.33 -578.29 -31.89
Total Area 11174 100 13238 100 2064 18.47
Source: SMKMC Records and calculated for 2025*
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 202 -
rest are non-workers (as per 2001 census). Taking the average increase,
workers population in the year 2021 is calculated as 199966 (SMK) and
around 17250 (Madhavnagar and Budhgaon). The present industrial
sector is providing work opportunity through several industries but
considering growth rate the supporting sector has to be developed more.
Presently one proposal has put forth to develop additional industrial unit
near village Kalambi / Siddhewadi. Also some small and medium plants
can be developed on Miraj-Pandharpur road, Kagwad-Tasgaon road in
the neighboring of present Industrial sector. This plant will support the
industrial development of the region, but it has to be developed
considering sustainable development point of view.
5.15.4 Administrative and Market Centres
At present the administrative offices are divided in Sangli Rajwada
and Miraj fort area. For the convenience and planning point of view all
segregated offices must concentrate in centralized position. In this
concern the patches near Wanlesswadi is the best suitable place for it.
Some market centres can be also developed considering its accessibility.
Key:
0 – Unclassified 3 – River 6 – Harvested/Open Land 1 – Saline Land 4 – Agriculture 7 – Built up 2 – Water Body 5 – Vegetation 8 – Undeveloped Land
Fig.5.22 Projected Landuse / Landcover of 2025 as per CA_Markov analysis
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 203 -
The process of administration can be done more effectively from centre
position and accessible for the residents of all urban centres. The
marginal part (South-eastern part of Budhgaon and northern part of
Kupwad) has to be kept reserved considering the future prospective for
administration. The present patch of Wanlesswadi can handle the
present condition but it is not suitable for the condition of after 2025. In
this concern the proposed northern part will be more suitable to the
expansion took place in future. The small patches available around
Kupwad can be allotted for the market centres.
5.15.5 Green Zone
The planning is not the utilization of all available space but some
places have to be kept open and some parts under agricultural use. This
is quite essential to maintain the environmental balance in the city. The
localities of riverside and along the natural stream should be kept as
green belt; rather plantation has to be made in this area. The present
agricultural land patches in southern Kupwad has to be keep as green
zone for futuristic development. Presently Sahayadri Starch Industries
have made some plantation to release the industrial waste water. The
area around this has to be maintained as green zone. Also the Savali-
Miraj nala, the steams moving from Kupwad to Bamani, and other
stream patches needs to be preserved as green zone.
5.15.6 Park and Garden
The land under park and gardens in existing landuse is only 0.28
per cent of total municipal area (31.74 ha). The park and gardens are
maintaining social health of city and unfortunately for that there is no
space in Sangli-Miraj urban area. There are many Ghat (riverside
construction for utilization of water) on Krishna river in Sangli, Miraj,
Haripur where spacious park and gardens can be developed. Also this
premise contains various religious centres those also can be developed
systematically for public use. The present gardens are not in good
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 204 -
conditions so these can also renovate and maintain properly. The nearby
Dandoba hill area can be developed as Regional Park.
At the same time small and medium size play grounds has to be
developed which will reduced the trace of present grounds and stadiums.
Presently one big stadium is developing near Wanlesswadi that is positive
sign of development. There is no single stadium in the district where
national level games can be conducted. Hence one national level stadium
can be constructed in the saline waste land near Sangliwadi. The
accessibility of NH-4 will be supporting to it.
5.15.7 Transportation
There are several proposals for smoothing the road transportation
and avoid traffic congestion but some of them are given here because of
space limitation.
Outer Ring Roads: The outer ring road connecting to Tasgaon-
Peth road, Peth-Kolhapur road, Tasgaon-Pandharpur-Athani-
Kagwad-Kolhapr road. These two half circles will create complete
ring road around the city and it will divert unnecessary traffic from
outside the city and also reduce the additional trace on present
traffic.
Restructuring of Existing Roads: The roads, particularly inside
gaothan of Miraj and Kupwad are very narrow and overcrowding.
Therefore, these need to be widened by removing the
encroachments. The main roads joining to urban centres i.e. Miraj-
Kupwad-Budhgaon, Kupwad-Madhavnagar, Sangli-Budhgaon, etc.
should made double way (two lane).
Traffic Signals, Circles in the Junctions, etc: Some particular
roads inside city are having more traffic, for those traffic signals
needs to be set compulsory and in road junctions, chowks the
small circle has to be construct to maintain traffic flow.
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 205 -
The above proposals must implement as early as possible also the
suggestions already given in regional planning report are still pending
those must be implemented.
5.15.8 Other Sectors (Public Utilities, Public & Semi-Public Services, Trade & Commerce, etc.)
1) Develop the truck terminus and parking in the low laying area
backside of Ganpati peth. To park the goods truck and vehicles of
employees working in CBD.
2) As mentioned above sections develop bus stops, movie theaters and
public services for the residents as per need of particular locality.
3) The present water supply lines are not sufficient to provide water
supply to the city. Considering this new arrangement has to be made
for water source, distributaries and proper service to the habitats.
4) Built the water treatment plan for the industrial waste water and
supply the properly purified water to agriculture farm lands in nearby
areas.
5) The present drainage lines are inadequate to meet the current need.
Considering the need its detail survey has to be made and do the
planning accordingly.
Like above, there are number of small scale proposals for the
sustainable development of the urban cluster. All of them are not
possible to mention here due to the limitations but some of them are
depicted in the proposed landuse plan of the Sangli-Miraj urban area.
5.15.9 Adjacent Rural Area
The present urban cluster is creating its impact on adjacent
villages. Madhavnagar and Budhgaon are the already considered as
urban centres in the present urban cluster. The villages namely Bamnoli,
Savali, Kananwadi, Tanang, Padmale, Haripur, Ankali and Dhamani are
located in the close proximity to the urban cluster. The detail study has
to be made considering the planning and development activities for these
villages, because in near future these are going to be part of urban
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 206 -
cluster. In fact special committee has to set for conducting detail study of
the urban cluster including adjacent villages.
5.16 Conclusion
Miraj and Sangli city are having more than 200 year‟s historical
background and both are situated in the close proximity. Its spatio-
temporal growth and expansion has given different shape / structure to
the city. Initially the expansion of Sangli and Miraj in bi-nuclear direction
but due to industrial developments during 1970s around Madhavnagar
the binuclear growth of Sangli and Miraj becomes multinuclear. The
industrial sector near Kupwad supported to development and expansion
of Kupwad and surroundings. Overall the Kupwad is expanded more
than expectations whereas Madhavnagar is lagged behind.
The demographic statistics shows that there is natural growth in
the population. The total population of urban area in 1971 was 201597
which became 436781 in 2001 i.e. increased by double. In 1971, the
population density of urban agglomeration was 47.13/ha which came
down to 39.09/ha in 2001. It means though the population is increased
rapidly the density is reduced and probable reason is the actual urban
area also increased accordingly. The change is also noticed in size and
number of households in the urban area. In 1971 the total number of
household was 37616 which reached to 88115 in 2001 but the
household size is get reduced i.e. in 1971 it was 5.36 which became 4.96
in 2001.
SMK Municipal Corporation is the main work centre which
contains about 24 per cent of the work force engaged in trade and
commerce followed by manufacturing other than household is 21 per
cent. It shows that the tertiary sector is the main work sector of this
area. In general, the household condition depicts a better economic
status. As per the estimations for the year 2021, it will contain about
620000 persons. Gunthewari areas hold about 17000 dwelling units plus
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 207 -
15000 open plots accommodating about 80000 persons. The Gunthewari
areas contain about 990 ha of land which becomes about 8.8 per cent to
total SMK Municipal Corporation area. The corporation record shows
that only 16 per cent residents stay in the rented houses. About 47 per
cent houses are „pucka‟ houses and 31 per cent semi pucka houses.
The functional classification describes the wards wise functions of
urban cluster. Residence and agriculture are the main functions for most
of the wards. There are about 27 wards are having single functions
whereas four wards contains maximum four functions. In Sangli, the
places like educational campus of Walcahand and Willingdon college,
Vasantdata Sugar factory and adjacent Industrial estate, Market yard
and Balaji Mill surrounding industries, civil hospital surrounding etc. are
acted as nuclei in the development of city. All most all characteristics are
placed as per the standards of the multiple nuclei model and
development of city is taken place accordingly. The urban amenities are
supporting for the change in the landuse of an area. The medical
functions available in Miraj have supported to change in its landuse. The
educational institutes near Vishrambag have changed the landuse of
surrounding area.
The urban development and change in landuse is having close
relationship. There are many transformations noticed in the region in
last 35 years and many changes are noticed in the landuse. There are
some patches spreading very fast due to its potentials and converting
into suburbs. Day by day the gap is reducing between the two urban
centers and forming large urban agglomeration. There is quite huge
undeveloped and agricultural land is available in between Sangli, Miraj
and Kupwad. Considering the present speed of city expansion and
haphazardly developing residence, the systematic planning of urban area
becomes essential. Urban open spaces are vital part of urban landscape
with its own specific set of function. Open spaces contribute to the
quality of life in many ways hence there must be some patches of open
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 208 -
land in city. The open spaces may be helpful to tackle the probable
trouble / calamities generates in future.
The landuse classification shows that most of the land in urban
area is under agricultural use (49.4%). The proportion of land under
open space, park and grounds is very less. Therefore, the attention
should be paid on it to increase the share of park and grounds. In 1971
trade and commerce activity occupied 70.94ha land (1.66%) and in 2006
it is reached to 93.57ha Sangli is well known trading city but this sector
is not expanded as per the expectations. The rapid rise is noticed in
residential areas hence it has covered 17 per cent of the total urban area.
About 3 per cent area is under industrial sector but Kupwad industrial
sector located near the urban area is the major industrial area of the
Sangli district. This is the “C” grade industrial sector of Maharashtra and
contributed in the growth and development of Sangli-Miraj Urban area.
The unplanned, haphazard settlement is taking place very fast and
it is going to be major problem in future. The proportion of vacant land is
very huge hence systematic planning has to be implemented. The
problem of city expansion towards agricultural land is generally not
because of available vacant land but lack of appropriate government
policy and strategy to guide new developments. To conclude this chapter,
„it is better to control the things when these are in limit otherwise it
becomes worst than they appear’.
References:
Bassam, Saleh and Samih, Al Rawashdeh (2007): Study of Urban Expansion in
Jordanian Cities Using GIS and Remote Sensing, International Journal of
Applied Science and Engineering, pp. 41-52.
Das, Pannalal (1973): Changes in Land use Pattern of Dehradun, Geographical
Review of India, Vol.35 No.1, pp.52-60.
Deshmukh, P. W. and Kulkarni, K. G. (1978): The Growth of Sangli City, The
Geographical Review of India, Vol. 55(2).
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 209 -
Deshpande, C.D. (1971): Geography of Maharashtra, N.B.T. Delhi, pp.97-115.
Dutt, A.K. (1966): Evolution of Jamshedpur City, Indian Geographical Journal,
Vol-41, pp.19-26.
Dwivedi, R.L. (1964): Original Growth of Allahabad City, Indian Geographical
Journal, Vol.39, pp.80-95.
Gosal, G.S. (1972): Research in Geography, ICSSR, Popular publisher Bombay,
pp.265.
Jamadar, K.M. (1983): Impact of Urbanization on Rural Landuse – A Case Study
of Solapur City and Its Fringe Zone, Unpublished M. Phil Thesis submitted
to Shivaji University Kolhapur.
Kammar, K. L. (1995): Urban Growth - A Case Study of an Industrial Town
Dandali, M. Phil Dissertation Karnataka University Dharwad, pp.141-143.
Ramotra, K.C. (2004): Spatial Patterns of Urbanization in Maharashtra, Trajectory
(A Journal of Research Articles), Rayat Shikshan Sanstha, Vol. 1, pp. 32-
40.
Kumbhar, A.P. (1999) – Growth pattern of Satara Town – A Case Study of
Khindawadi Suburb, A research project.
Kurni, M.S. (2008): Urban Growth and its Impact on Environment in Belgaum
City, Unpublished Thesis, Karnataka University Dharwad.
Mandal, R.B. (2000): Urban Geography: A Textbook, Concept Publishing
Company, New Delhi, pp.105-123.
Mookerjee, S. (1958): The Growth of Nagpur City, Geographical Outlook, 1958,
2.
Mulik, A.D. (1989): The Dynamics of Urbanization - A Geographical Perspective,
Himalaya Publishing House Bombay. pp. 19-37.
National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA) Urban Statistics – Handbook 2000.
Rayamane, A.S. (2004) - Impact of population and transportation growth on
environment – A Case Study of Bangalore., Research Paper published in
Mysore University Sovinar, pp.36-45.
Rounsevell, M.D.A., Annetts, J.E., Audsley, E., Mayr, T. and Reginster, I. (2003).
Modelling the spatial distribution of agricultural land use at the regional
scale. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 95: 465-479.
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 210 -
Saleh, Bassam and Rawashdeh, Samih Al (2007): Study of Urban Expansion in
Jordanian Cities Using GIS and Remoth Sensing, International Journal of
Applied Science and Engineering, Vol.5, Issue-1, pp.41-52.
Shekhar, S. (2005): Monitoring urban sprawl of Pune by using Remote sensingand
GIS techniques, Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis submitted to University of
Pune, 2005.
Singh, R. L. (1965): Banaras - A Study in Urban Geography (1965), Banaras
Hindu University, pp.61-90.
Sita, K. (1972): Some aspects of Urbanization in South Konkan, Geographical
Magazine Bombay. Vol.20-21, pp.31-48.
Stoate, C., Boatman, N.D., Borralho, R.J., Rio Carvalho, C., de Snoo, G.R. and
Eden, P., 2001. Ecological impacts of arable intensification in Europe.
Journal of Environmental Management Vol.63 pp.337-365.
Vasmane, A.S. (1989): City Growth and Related Problems – A Case Study of
Ichalkaranji City, M. Phil detestation submitted to Shivaji University
Kolhapur.
Zodge, S.B. (2001): Impact of Urban Growth on Environment – A Case Study of
Kolhapur, Unpublished Ph D thesis submitted to Shivaji University
Kolhapur.
Other References:
Daily Pudari, 5-March 2009: “Airport for Sangli”, News published in local
Marathi news paper.
Urban Planning Report (1971): Regional Planning Report of Sangli-Miraj Urban
area, pp. 9-78.
Web References:
Acharya, A.K. and Nangia, P. (2004): Population Growth and Changing Land-Use
Pattern in Mumbai Metropolitan Region of India, Caminhos de
GEOGRAPHY - online magazine, pp168-185.
http://www.caminhosdegeografia.ig.ufu.br/include/getdoc.php?id=333&arti
cle=92&mode=pdf
Basudha, Chattopadhyay (2009): Sustainable Urban Development In India: Some
Issues. http://niua.org/Publications/discussion_paper/basudha_paper.pdf
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 211 -
Esbah, H., Maktav, D., Atatanir, L and Erbek, S. F. (2007): Understanding
Urban Growth Patterns: A Landscape Ecology Point of View.
www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXVI/8-W27/esbah01.pdf
Harris, C.D. and E.L. Ullman (1945): The Nature of Cities, The Annals of the
American Academy of Political and Social Sciences Issue.242, pp.7.
http://geospatial.osu.edu/conference/proceedings/papers/irwin_pap.pdf
Sangli District Gazetteer, 1969:
HTTP://WWW.MAHARASHTRA.GOV.IN/ENGLISH/GAZETTEER/SA
NGLI/COMM_POST%20AND%20TELEGRAPH.HTML#NIRMAL
Shekhar, Sulochana (2004): Urban Sprawl Assessment: Entropy Approach, GIS
development, May 2004, Vol. 8, Issue.5.
http://www.gisdevelopment.net/magazine/gisdev/2004/may/urban1.shtml
Shekhar, Sulochana (2007): Changing Space of Pune – A GIS perspective, GIS
development.
http://www.gisdevelopment.net/proceedings/mapworldforum/upid/MWF_U
rbanPlanning_116.pdf
Wikipedia (2010): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangli
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 212 -
Appendix 5.1 Population and Household Density of Urban area (2001)
Sr.
No Ward Units
Total
House
hold
Total
Popula-
tion
Total
Male
Total
Female
Area
(sq
km)
% to
Total
Area
Density
(Person
/ sq
km)
Household
(Person /
sq km)
1 Sangli - Ward No.1 2121 10049 5189 4860 5.99 5.36 1677 354
2 Sangli - Ward No.2 1096 5065 2676 2389 1.26 1.13 4006 867
3 Kupwad - Ward No.3 2087 9626 5083 4543 5.89 5.27 1633 354
4 Kupwad - Ward No.4 2085 9708 5040 4668 4.96 4.44 1629 350
5 Miraj - Ward No.5 1370 6897 3637 3260 5.83 5.22 1010 200
6 Miraj - Ward No.6 2161 10216 5278 4938 1.89 1.69 5404 1143
7 Miraj - Ward No.7 1477 8171 4279 3892 4.7 4.21 1738 314
8 Miraj - Ward No.8 632 3292 1743 1549 11.47 10.26 208 40
9 Miraj - Ward No.9 1820 9574 4937 4637 5.13 4.59 1867 355
10 Kupwad - Ward No.10 1519 7001 3731 3270 2.21 1.98 3169 688
11 Sangli - Ward No.11 1690 7266 3690 3576 1.06 0.95 6848 1593
12 Sangli - Ward No.12 2817 13117 6865 6252 3.5 3.13 3749 805
13 Sangli - Ward No.13 2162 11286 5783 5503 1.02 0.91 11063 2119
14 Sangli - Ward No.14 1974 9741 5108 4633 3.81 3.41 2559 518
15 Sangli - Ward No.15 1209 5970 3015 2955 0.34 0.30 17691 3582
16 Sangli - Ward No.16 1142 5555 2844 2711 4.64 4.15 1198 246
17 Sangli - Ward No.17 1074 5239 2705 2534 0.23 0.21 22501 4613
18 Sangli - Ward No.18 1217 6149 3252 2897 7.46 6.68 825 163
19 Sangli - Ward No.19 901 4773 2525 2248 0.24 0.21 19605 3701
20 Sangli - Ward No.20 684 4106 2062 2044 0.17 0.15 23984 3995
21 Sangli - Ward No.21 903 5007 2505 2502 0.49 0.44 10311 1859
22 Sangli - Ward No.22 1702 7656 3951 3705 1.76 1.58 374 969
23 Sangli - Ward No.23 1701 8153 4253 3900 0.85 0.76 9551 1993
24 Kupwad - Ward No.24 1541 7005 3657 3348 1.05 0.94 6675 1468
25 Kupwad - Ward No.25 1687 7967 4107 3860 1.18 1.06 6748 1429
26 Miraj - Ward No.26 1945 8820 4579 4241 5.08 4.55 1736 383
27 Miraj - Ward No.27 1443 7069 3644 3425 0.52 0.47 13723 2801
28 Miraj - Ward No.28 1184 5765 2774 2991 0.45 0.40 12720 2612
29 Miraj - Ward No.29 893 4530 2301 2229 0.22 0.20 20221 3986
30 Miraj - Ward No.30 867 4491 2256 2235 0.11 0.10 40410 7801
31 Miraj - Ward No.31 924 4165 2106 2059 0.14 0.13 30573 6782
32 Miraj - Ward No.32 1288 6431 3245 3186 0.2 0.18 32543 6518
33 Miraj - Ward No.33 1037 5245 2691 2554 0.26 0.23 20252 4004
34 Miraj - Ward No.34 888 5207 2632 2575 0.11 0.10 48456 8264
35 Miraj - Ward No.35 868 4817 2449 2368 0.1 0.09 46825 8437
36 Miraj - Ward No.36 1568 7735 3813 3922 1.09 0.98 7083 1436
37 Miraj - Ward No.37 1138 5708 2974 2734 1.03 0.92 5516 1100
38 Kupwad - Ward No.38 2552 11799 6057 5742 3.17 2.84 3725 806
39 Sangli - Ward No.39 1326 6061 3129 2932 1.05 0.94 5787 1266
40 Sangli - Ward No.40 1333 5980 3025 2955 0.5 0.45 11859 2643
Continue…
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse - 213 -
41 Sangli - Ward No.41 1281 5783 2975 2808 0.39 0.35 14936 3308
42 Sangli - Ward No.42 1351 6271 3167 3104 0.25 0.22 25354 5462
43 Sangli - Ward No.43 1047 4925 2450 2475 0.5 0.45 9920 2109
44 Sangli - Ward No.44 902 4819 2421 2398 0.12 0.11 41775 7819
45 Sangli - Ward No.45 707 3947 1983 1964 0.13 0.12 29940 5363
46 Sangli - Ward No.46 1082 5036 2556 2480 0.16 0.14 30573 6569
47 Sangli - Ward No.47 1208 5117 2597 2520 0.12 0.11 42829 10111
48 Sangli - Ward No.48 899 4296 2208 2088 0.19 0.17 22265 4659
49 Sangli - Ward No.49 835 4574 2307 2267 0.22 0.20 21252 3880
50 Sangli - Ward No.50 695 3720 2012 1708 0.18 0.16 20696 3867
51 Sangli - Ward No.51 768 3977 1993 1984 0.48 0.43 8253 1593
52 Sangli - Ward No.52 1340 6458 3163 3295 0.27 0.24 23884 4956
53 Sangli - Ward No.53 2630 12875 6756 6119 1.17 1.05 11025 2252
54 Miraj - Ward No.54 1136 6089 3077 3012 0.15 0.13 40887 7628
55 Miraj - Ward No.55 1013 5793 3000 2793 0.1 0.09 59016 10320
56 Miraj - Ward No.56 629 4676 2367 2309 0.08 0.07 60161 8093
57 Miraj - Ward No.57 778 4652 2379 2273 0.07 0.06 63267 10581
58 Miraj - Ward No.58 1028 6091 3133 2958 0.11 0.10 56601 9553
59 Miraj - Ward No.59 896 5494 2797 2697 0.1 0.09 56387 9196
60 Miraj - Ward No.60 733 4439 2254 2185 0.06 0.05 79311 13096
61 Sangli - Ward No.61 1540 7097 3704 3393 0.87 0.78 8185 1776
62 Sangli - Ward No.62 1159 5867 2939 2928 0.15 0.13 40379 7977
63 Sangli - Ward No.63 917 4283 2111 2172 0.57 0.51 7555 1617
64 Sangli - Ward No.64 878 4221 2122 2099 0.13 0.12 31523 6557
65 Sangli - Ward No.65 876 4436 2235 2201 0.06 0.05 71694 14158
66 Sangli - Ward No.66 868 4628 2504 2124 0.25 0.22 18309 3434
67 Sangli - Ward No.67 820 4393 2232 2161 0.05 0.04 79932 14920
68 Sangli - Ward No.68 777 4210 2064 2146 0.06 0.05 74326 13717
69
Kupwad - Ward No.69
(Wanlesswadi) 1296 6202 3204 2998 2.73 2.44 2270 474
70 Budhgaon - Ward No.1 535 2772 1409 1363 4.03 3.61 688 133
71 Budhgaon - Ward No.2 637 2996 1597 1399 1.14 1.02 2625 558
72 Budhgaon - Ward No.3 515 3064 1768 1296 0.33 0.30 9257 1556
73 Budhgaon - Ward No.4 447 2050 1065 985 0.55 0.49 3744 816
74 Budhgaon - Ward No.5 494 2337 1189 1148 1.22 1.09 1921 406
75 Budhgaon - Ward No.6 305 1509 777 732 1.01 0.90 1501 303
76 Madhavnagar - Ward No.1 2240 10993 5658 5335 2.58 2.31 4253 867
Source: Census of India, Sangli District digital database
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse 214
Appendix-5.2 Landuse Details of Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad-Madhavnagar
Sangli
Landuse-1971 Proposed 1991 Landuse-2001 Change (+ / - ) 1971-2001
Landuse (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
1 Residential 241.75 34.58 11.70 1080.8 59.99 52.32 741.58 44.26 11.70 499.83 51.19 23.52
2 Trade and Commercial 48.35 6.92 2.34 55.71 3.09 2.70 68.39 4.08 2.34 20.04 2.05 0.94
3 Industrial 94.4 13.50 4.57 115.15 6.39 5.57 92.92 5.55 4.57 -1.48 -0.15 -0.07
4 Public and Semi Public 129.25 18.49 6.26 199.64 11.08 9.66 120.33 7.18 6.26 -8.92 -0.91 -0.42
5 Open Space, Park & Grounds 18 2.57 0.87 72.41 4.02 3.51 27.02 1.61 0.87 9.02 0.92 0.42
6 Cemetery, Public Utilities 3.85 0.55 0.19 3.85 0.21 0.19 30.75 1.84 0.19 26.90 2.75 1.27
7 Transport & communication 163.5 23.39 7.92 274.02 15.21 13.27 594.58 35.49 7.92 431.08 44.15 20.28
Total Developed Area 699.10 100 33.84 1801.58 100 87.22 1675.57 100 33.84 976.47 100 45.94
8 Agriculture 1163.05 56.31 234.37 11.35 2024.67 56.31 861.62 40.54
9 Water Bodies 29.65 1.44 29.65 1.44 20.48 1.44 -9.17 -0.43
10 Vacant Land 173.8 8.41 - - 470.28 8.41 296.48 13.95
Total Undeveloped Area 1366.5 66.16 264.02 12.78 2515.43 66.16 1148.93 54.06
Total Area 2065.6 100 2065.60 100 4191 100 2125.4 100
Miraj
Landuse-1971 Proposed-1994 Landuse-2001 Change (+ / - ) 1971-2001
Landuse (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
1 Residential 155 31.59 7.17 460.94 46.67 21.31 460.36 47.94 10.80 305.36 65.01 14.55
2 Trade and Commercial 20.2 4.12 0.93 21.4 2.17 0.99 21.7 2.26 0.51 1.5 0.32 0.07
3 Industrial 43.4 8.85 2.01 52 5.26 2.40 179.19 18.66 4.21 135.79 28.91 6.47
4 Public and Semi Public 48 9.78 2.22 91.8 9.29 4.24 165.81 17.27 3.89 117.81 25.08 5.62
5 Open Space, Park, & Grounds 4 0.82 0.18 44 4.45 2.03 3.21 0.33 0.08 -0.79 -0.17 -0.04
6 Cemetery, Public Utilities 2.6 0.05 0.12 2.6 0.26 0.12 17.62 1.83 0.41 15.02 3.20 0.72
7 Transport and communication 217.4 44.31 10.05 315 31.89 14.56 112.45 11.71 2.64 -104.95 -22.34 -5.00
Total Developed Area 490.6 100 22.68 987.74 100 45.67 960.35 100 22.54 469.74 100 22.39
8 Agriculture 1580 73.05 1156.86 53.48 2629.44 61.71 1049.44 50.02
9 Water Bodies 18.4 0.85 18.4 0.85 99.14 2.33 80.74 3.85
10 Vacant Land 74 3.42 - - 572.08 13.43 498.08 23.74
Total Undeveloped Area 1672.4 77.32 1175.26 54.33 3300.65 77.46 1628.26 77.61
Total Area 2163 100 2163.00 100 4261 100 2098 100
Chapter-V
Dynamics of Urban Landuse 215
Kupwad
Landuse-1973 Landuse-2001 Change (+ / - ) 1973-2001
Landuse (1) (2) (3) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
1 Residential 50 18.37 2.21 609.04 53.09 22.37 559.04 63.90 122.01
2 Trade and Commercial - - - 3.48 0.30 0.13 3.48 0.40 0.76
3 Industrial 20.07 7.37 0.89 8.74 0.76 0.32 -11.33 -1.30 -2.47
4 Public and Semi Public 148.58 54.57 6.56 178.62 15.57 6.56 30.04 3.43 6.56
5 Open Space, Park, & Grounds - - - 1.5 0.13 0.06 1.5 0.17 0.32
6 Cemetery, Public Utilities - - - 10.9 0.95 0.40 10.9 1.25 2.38
7 Transport and communication 53.6 19.69 2.37 334.86 29.19 12.30 281.26 32.15 61.39
Total Developed Area 272.25 100 12.03 1147.14 100 42.14 874.89 100 190.95
8 Agriculture 1545.7 68.28 775.68 28.50 -770.02 -168.06
9 Water Bodies 43.3 1.91 28.25 1.04 -15.05 -3.28
10 Vacant Land 402.58 17.78 770.93 28.32 368.35 80.40
Total Undeveloped Area 1991.58 87.97 1574.86 57.86 -416.72 -90.95
Total Area 2263.83 100 2722.00 100 458.17 0 100
Madhavnagar
Landuse-1973 Landuse-2001 Change (+ / - ) 1973-2001
Landuse (1) (2) (3) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
1 Residential 19.85 48.51 40.45
2 Trade and Commercial 2.39 5.84 4.87
3 Industrial 4.24 10.36 8.64
4 Public and Semi Public 1.72 4.20 3.51
5 Open Space, Park, & Grounds - - -
6 Cemetery, Public Utilities - - -
7 Transport and communication 12.72 31.09 25.92
Total Developed Area 40.92 100 83
8 Agriculture 6.28 12.80
9 Water Bodies - - -
10 Vacant Land 1.87 3.81
Total Undeveloped Area 8.15 16.61
Total Area 49.07 100
Source: Regional Planning Report, SMK Municipal Corporation Report (1) Area in Hectare (2) % to Total Developed Area (3) % to Total Municipal Area (4) Area in Hectare (5) % to Total Developed Area (6) % to Total Municipal Area (7) Area in Hectare (8) % to Total Developed Area (9) % to Total Municipal Area (10) Area in Hectare (11) % to Total Developed Area (12) % to Total Municipal Area