Development and Certification of De-Icing and Anti-Icing Solutions

04.09.2008 1D. Sinan Körpe

Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Serkan ÖZGENCo-Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yusuf ULUDAĞ

OUTLINE

�Motivation

� Introduction

�Development of De-Icing and Anti-Icing Solutions

�Mathematical Model and Solution Method for Two-Layer Flow’s Linear Stability Analysis

�Results and Discussions

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Motivation

�Chemical Engineering aspect• To learn the aspects of chemicals on physical and

rheological properties of liquids,

• To produce these chemicals that are widely used in industry .

�Aerospace Engineering aspect• To understand the behavior of the two-layer flows.

�Economical aspect• To produce the solutions that are imported.

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Effects of ice on Aircraft performance

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Introduction

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Introduction

Required Properties� Viscosity behavior• Holdover (at rest)• Flow-off (at acceleration)• Polymer

� Lower Freezing temperature• Propylene glycol, Ethylene glycol

� Lower Surface tension• Surfactants (wetting agents)

� Higher Material Compatibility• Anti-corrosion

Flat Plate Elemination Test

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Introduction

Flat plate lemination test simulation

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Development of De-Icing and Anti-Icing Solutions

The effect of the functional chemicals on the properties of Type-1 fluids

Chemical Typec Viscosity (cP)

(@ 20 oC)

Surface Tension (mN/m)

(@ 25 oC)

Freezing Point

(oC)

S and pH 8-15 50 -26

S and C 8-15 36 -26

pH and C 8-15 40 -26

S, pH and C 8-15 37 -26

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Development of De-Icing and Anti-Icing Solutions

The effect of the chemical additives on properties of Type-1 fluids when they are used together

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Development of De-Icing and Anti-Icing Solutions

Rheological behavior of 1% of HMPA solutions by weight Rheological behavior of 2% of HMPA solutions by weight

Rheological behavior of 4% of HMPA solutions by weight

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Development of De-Icing and Anti-Icing Solutions

The change of zero shear viscosity of the 0.075 wt % HMPA solutions with pH

The rheological behavior of HMPA solutions at 0.064 wt % concentration with different glycol-water content.

The surface tension change of HMPA solution (0.067 wt %) with addition of AOT

Mathematical Model and Solution Method for Two-Layer Flow’s Linear Stability Analysis

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Sketch of laminar-turbulent transition

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Mathematical Model and Solution Method for Two-Layer Flow’s Linear Stability Analysis

{ ''''''4''2'''''

3n'''2'' UU)1n()22(n)U(

Rei

UU))(cU( χ−+χα+χα−χ

α=χ−χα−χ−

−

[ ]2''''''2'2 )U)(2n(nUnU)U(4 −++α+

]U)2n(UU[nUU)2n(22''''''2''''2 −+α+χα−+

General Orr-Sommerfeld Equation

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Mathematical Model and Solution Method for Two-Layer Flow’s Linear Stability Analysis

index behaviour flow then

indexy consistenc flow thek

itycosvis

k 1n

=

=

=µ

γ•=µ −

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Mathematical Model and Solution Method for Two-Layer Flow’s Linear Stability Analysis

Flow Geometry

Laminar Boundary Layer �

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Mathematical Model and Solution Method for Two-Layer Flow’s Linear Stability Analysis

Turbulent Boundary Layer�

)ofilePrSkanFalkner(0fff2 ''''' −=+

**1

*2*2*1 usyfordybay)y(U υ≥++=

( ) **1

***1

2*1 usy0foryu)y(U υ≤≤υ=

)2(Ri

1U))(cU( 4''2''''''

12''

1 φα+φα−φα

=φ−φα−φ−

Orr-Sommerfeld equation for upper fluid

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Mathematical Model and Solution Method for Two-Layer Flow’s Linear Stability Analysis

Flow Geometry

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Mathematical Model and Solution Method for Two-Layer Flow’s Linear Stability Analysis

( )( ) )n)2n(2n(rRei

macU 4''2''''

1n22''

2 χα+χα−+χα

=χα−χ−−

Orr-Sommerfeld equation for lower fluid

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Mathematical Model and Solution Method for Two-Layer Flow’s Linear Stability Analysis

Flow Geometry

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)0()0( χ=φ

)aa(Uc)0(

)0()0( 120

'' −−φ=χ−φ

))0()0((mna)0()0( 2''1n2

''2 χα+χ=φ+φα −

[ ][ ] )Uc(SF)1r(Rei

)0()n4()0(nma))0(a)0()Uc((rRei

)3)0(())0(a)0()UcRe((i

022

'2'''1n22

'0

'2'''1

'0

−φα+−α=

χα−−χ+χ+χ−α+

φα−φ−φ+φ−α

−

−

Mathematical Model and Solution Method for Two-Layer Flow’s Linear Stability Analysis

=

0

0

0

0

B

B

A

A

cccc

cccc

cccc

cccc

4

3

2

1

44434241

34333231

24232221

14131211

Results of parametric study

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Effect of viscosity ratio, m (l=1,r=1, S=0, F=0)

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Results of parametric study

Effect of viscosity ratio, m on TS curve (l=1,r=1, S=0, F=0)

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Results of parametric study

Effect of viscosity ratio, S (l=0.5,r=1, m=5, F=0)

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Results of parametric study

Effect of n (l=0.5,r=1, m=5, F=0,S =0)

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Results of parametric study

Effect of n on TS curve (l=0.5,r=1, m=5, F=0,S =0)

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Results of parametric study

( )( ) )n)2n(2n(rRei

macU 4''2''''

1n22''

2 χα+χα−+χα

=χα−χ−−

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Comparision of De-Icing and Anti-IcingSolutions’ Wave Characteristics

Viscosity measurement for G2 fluid at 200C Variation of density with temperature for G2 soluition

Variation of surface tension with temperature for G2 soluition

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Comparision of De-Icing and Anti-Icingsolutions’ Wave CharacteristicsFluid

Temperature

(0C)

Viscosity

(cP)

Surface

Tension

(mN/m)

Density

(kg/m3)

T1 20 24.5 40.17 1040.4

T1 0 68.8 42.09 1051.7

T1 -10 148 43.05 1056.7

T2 20 1138.1*γ-0.374 36.21 1038.2

T2 0 1230*γ-0.295 37.31 1056.1

T2 -10 1093.2*γ-0.227 37.86 1061.8

G1 20 18.9 38.45 1070.2

G1 0 34.8 40.09 1083.1

G1 -10 57.1 40.86 1088.6

G2 20 1722*γ-0.484 38.15 1038.2

G2 0 5499*γ-0.608 39.90 1056.1

G2 -10 8018*γ-0.643 40.78 1061.8

Air[40] 20 0.0182 - 1.204

Air[40] 0 0.0171 - 1.292

Air[40] -10 0.0167 - 1.304

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Comparision of De-Icing and Anti-Icingsolutions’ Wave Characteristics

Temperature

(0C)

Thickness

(mm)

Critical

Reynolds

Number

Critical

Wind Speed

(m/s)

Critical

Wavelength

(mm)

Critical

Wave Speed

(mm/s)

20 2.4 1796.2 11.3133 32.41 1.00

20 1.8 1175.3 9.8701 35.43 0.39

20 1.2 864.3 10.8875 31.63 0.22

0 2.4 1945.37 10.7281 30.03 1.18

0 1.8 1265.4 9.3044 39.71 0.40

0 1.2 940.6 10.3743 30.56 0.25

-10 2.4 2012.9 10.4370 28.94 1.66

-10 1.8 1303.6 9.0123 34.17 0.63

-10 1.2 973.5 10.0953 30.35 0.34

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Comparision of De-Icing and Anti-Icingsolutions’ Wave Characteristics

Recr variation at -100C

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Comparision of De-Icing and Anti-Icingsolutions’ Wave Characteristics

Recr variation at -100C

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Comparision of De-Icing and Anti-Icingsolutions’ Wave Characteristics

Recr variation at d2* =2.4 mm

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Comparision of De-Icing and Anti-Icingsolutions’ Wave Characteristics

Recr variation at d2* =2.4 mm

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Comparision of De-Icing and Anti-Icingsolutions’ Wave Characteristics

Ucr* variation at -100C

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Comparision of De-Icing and Anti-Icingsolutions’ Wave Characteristics

Ucr* variation at -100C

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Comparision of De-Icing and Anti-Icingsolutions’ Wave Characteristics

Ucr* variation at d2* =2.4 mm

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Comparision of De-Icing and Anti-Icing solutions’ Wave Characteristics

Ucr* variation at d2* =2.4 mm

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Comparision of De-Icing and Anti-Icing solutions’ Wave Characteristics

λ* variation at -100C

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Comparision of De-Icing and Anti-Icing solutions’ Wave Characteristics

λ* variation at -100C

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Comparision of De-Icing and Anti-Icing solutions’ Wave Characteristics

λ* variation at d2* =2.4 mm

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Comparision of De-Icing and Anti-Icing solutions’ Wave Characteristics

λ* variation at d2* =2.4 mm

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Comparision of De-Icing and Anti-Icing solutions’ Wave Characteristics

cr* variation at -100C

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Comparision of De-Icing and Anti-Icing solutions’ Wave Characteristics

cr* variation at -100C

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Comparision of De-Icing and Anti-Icing solutions’ Wave Characteristics

cr* variation at d2* =2.4 mm

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Comparision of De-Icing and Anti-Icing solutions’ Wave Characteristics

cr* variation at d2* =2.4 mm

�For G2 (Anti-Icing) solution• Decrease the viscosity ratio

• Change the pH value

• Decrease the surfactant ratio of the solution

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THANK YOU

�Supported by a research grant from TÜBĐTAK,

project number:106M219