Components of our Mental Grammar—Review

Building blocks

Rules

Components of our Mental Grammar—Review

Words Whole words (free morphemes)

Morphemes (bound morphemes)

RULES of Morphology

Sentences and phrases Words

RULES of Syntax

Pronunciation Sounds / phones

RULES of Phonology

Dictation

1. Did you eat yet?

2. What did you do yesterday?

3. We should have done it earlier.

4. Give them to me.

5. She’s taller than you.

Ambiguous Phonetic Segmentation 1

grade A gray day

I scream ice cream

I scream, you scream,

we all scream for ice cream.

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 191.

Historical Change due to faulty segmentation

a napron an apron

a norange an orange

Ambiguous Phonetic Segmentation 2

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003, 7th edition. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 233.

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 191.

Saying the same thing

No two people ever say the same word identically.

No one ever says the same word the same way twice.

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 191.

Phonetics

“The science of phonetics attempts to describe all the sounds used in all languages of the world.”

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 192.

Sounds

th

tsk tsk

throat clearing

sneeze

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003, 7th edition. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 234.

Phonetics

Articulatory Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Auditory Phonetics

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 192 b.

IPA

See Table 4.1 on p. 193.

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 193.

George Bernard Shaw Quote

“The English have no respect for their language, and will not teach their children to speak it. They cannot spell it because they have nothing to spell it with but an old foreign alphabet of which only the consonants—and not all of them—have any agreed speech value.”

G. B. Shaw, Preface to Pygmalion.

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 192.

Pronunciation and Spelling

Spellings

One Many

Sounds

One 1 2 Many 3 4 ?

Different Ways to Spell /i/ (# 2 above)

Did he believe that Caesar could see the

people seize the seas?

The silly amoeba stole the key to the machine.

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 192.

Different Ways to Pronounce ‘a’(# 3 above)

My father wanted many a village dame badly.

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 192.

Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 1) 1

First Sound

a. judge [ ʤ ] OR [ ǰ ]b. Thomas [ th ]c. though [ ]d. easy [ i ] OR [ i: ]e. pneumonia [ n ]

First Sound

f. thought [ ]g. contact [ kh ]h. phone [ f ]i. civic [ s ]j. usual [ j ] OR [ ju ]

Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 1) 2

Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 2) 1

Last Sound

a. fleece [ s ]

b. neigh [ e ] OR [ ej ] OR [ ei ]

c. long [ ]d. health [ θ ]

e. watch [ ʧ ] OR [ č ]

Last Sound

f. cow [ a ] OR [ aw ]

g. rough [ f ]

h. cheese [ z ]

i. bleached [ t ]

j. rags [ z ]

Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 2) 2

Error Correctiona. [ cm ] [ khm ] b. [ sed ] [ sd ] c. [ thlk ] [thk ] OR [thak ] d. [ and ] [ nd ] e. [ wx ] [ wks ] f. [khbgz ] [ khbdz ] g. [ s ] [ z ] h. [ wr ] [ wr ]

Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 4)

Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 5) 1

a. heat f. scream

b. stroke g. fruit

c. phase, faze h. preacher

d. tone i. crock, croc

e. bony

Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 5) 2

j. box o. parliamentariank. thanks p. Quebecl. Wednesday q. pizzam. crawled ? r. Barack Obaman. conscientious s. John McCain

t. 2008 (or words)