Post on 14-Apr-2018
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Prof. Sushil Kumar
IIM Lucknow
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Overview of Rural Scenario
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Population million (%)
Urban 377 31.2
Rural 833 68.8
Total 1210 100
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A Habitation is defined as urban if
It is a location within a municipality or a
corporation, a cantonment area or is anotified town area
All other locations which have: a minimum population of 5000,
a population density of more than 400 per sq. km. and
where more than 75% of the male workforce is engaged innon-agricultural occupations
1971 Census
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Habitation is defined as rural if
It has a population density of less than 400
sq. km.
At least 75 per cent of male working
population is engaged in agriculture
related activities, andThere is, in the location, no municipality or
municipal board
NSSO
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State-wise Number of Districts, Sub-Districts,Towns and Villages in India(As per 2011 Census)
States/UTs Districts Sub Districts
No. of Towns Villages
(including un-
inhabited
villages)Statutory Towns Census Towns
Jammu and Kashmir 22 82 86 36 6551
Himachal Pradesh 12 117 56 3 20690
Punjab 20 77 143 74 12581
Chandigarh 1 1 1 5 5
Uttarakhand 13 78 74 42 16793
Haryana 21 74 80 74 6841
Delhi 9 27 3 110 112
Rajasthan 33 244 185 112 44672
Uttar Pradesh 71 312 648 267 106704
Bihar 38 534 139 60 44874
Sikkim 4 9 8 1 452
Arunachal Pradesh 16 188 26 1 5589
Nagaland 11 114 19 7 1428
Manipur 9 38 28 23 2588
Mizoram 8 26 23 0 830
Tripura 4 40 16 26 875
Meghalaya 7 39 10 12 6839
Assam 27 153 88 126 26395West Bengal 19 341 129 780 40203
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State-wise Number of Districts, Sub-Districts,Towns and Villages in India(As per 2011 Census)
States/UTs Districts Sub Districts
No. of Towns Villages
(including un-
inhabitedvillages)Statutory Towns Census Towns
Jharkhand 24 260 40 188 32394
Odisha 30 476 107 116 51313
Chhattisgarh 18 149 168 14 20126
Madhya Pradesh 50 342 364 112 54903
Gujarat 26 225 195 153 18225
Daman and Diu 2 2 2 6 19
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 1 1 1 5 65
Maharashtra 35 355 256 279 43663
Andhra Pradesh 23 1128 125 228 27800
Karnataka 30 176 220 127 29340
Goa 2 11 14 56 334
Lakshadweep 1 10 0 6 21
Kerala 14 63 59 461 1018
Tamil Nadu 32 215 721 376 15979
Puducherry 4 8 6 4 90
Andaman and NicobarIslands 3 9 1 4 555
India 640 5924 4041 3894 640867
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Population
Number of
Villages
% of Total
Villages Cumulative
Less than 200 114,267 17.9 17.9
200-499 155,123 24.3 42.2
500-999 159,400 25.0 67.2
1,000-1,999 125,758 19.7 86.9
2,000-4,999 69,135 10.8 97.7
5,000-9,999 11,618 1.8 99.510,000 & above 3,064 0.5 100
Total Number
of Villages6,38,365 100.0
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Rural World Urban World
1. Occupation Mainly cultivation with few
non-agricultural pursuits
Mainly non-agricultural
occupations
2. Environment Direct relationship with
nature
Greater isolation from
nature
3. Size of
Community
Small Large
4. Population
Density
Low High
5. Population
Social
Composition
Homogenous in racial and
psychological traits
More heterogeneous than
urban communities
6. Social
Differentiation& Stratification
Less than urban world More
7. Mobility Rural to urban; intensity
less
Urban to urban; intensity
high
8. System of
Interaction
Man is interacted as a
Human Person
Man is interacted as a
number and addressSource: Dilip Shah, 2005
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Village is a community
The village satisfies all needs of the villagers, in the
village
Villagers have a sense of unity and a feeling of
amiability towards each other
They respect the judgment and obey the orders of
their elders and the panchayats. Society, caste and
panchayat have control over the individual.
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Religiosity
Faith in religion and universal power is found in the life
of the villages
The major occupation is agriculture which involves
dependence on nature. Hence, farmers worship forces
of nature
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Caste Most complex issue in an Indian village setting
Ancient and intensely complicated system of social
organization
Everyone knows exactly who and what everyone
else is in the village
Indian village is not one community but rather a
community of communities
The villages are physically divided into major caste groupingsaccording to where people live, and there is essentially no mixing
of neighborhoods
The local power structures are very much shaped along caste
lines
Very thin line between Caste and Class
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Economic Structure
Primarily agrarian
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Local Self-Government System
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Article 40 of the Constitution enjoins that:
`the States shall take steps to organise
village panchayats with such powers and
authority as may be necessary to enable
them to function as units of selfgovernment.
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Number of Panchayati Raj Institutions in Uttar
Pradesh(As on 31.03.2010)
State DistrictsDistrict
PanchayatsBlocks
Block
Panchayats
Village Level Rural Local
Bodies Panchayats
Gram Panchayats
Uttar Pradesh 71 71 820 820 52206
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Law and order maintenance
Revenue collection
Developmental activities
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Appellate Review : DevlopCommissioner
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Revenue Village
Lekhpal
Land Records
Revenue Inspector
Measurement and Fixation
Naib TehsilderRevenue / Mutation
Tehsildar
Revenue / Possession
S D MRevenue / Law &
Order
District Magistrate
Rev. / Law & Order
Commissioner
Revision Powers
Appellate
Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction
Judicial Powers
Law and Order
Law and Order
CDODevelopment
Amin
Revenue Matters Revenue Collect.
Revenue Village
Sub Tehsil
Tehsil
Sub-Division
DistrictDiagram for Revenue
Administration
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After independence, Community Development
Programme started in 1952
Recognizing the need for village-levelinstitutions that represent local communities in
the development processes, three tier
Panchayati Raj system introduced at Zilla
(district), Samiti (Block) and Gram (village)levels during the late-1950s to early-1960s
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The panchayat institutions remained
largely under the government control,
without financial capacity and effective
representation mechanism
The 73rd Constitution Amendment Act,
effective since 1993, provided panchayat
institutions a number of responsibilities
and the accompanying powers in 29
diverse areas
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33 percent seats for women
18 per cent seats exclusively for Scheduled
Castes and Scheduled Tribes
Mandatory Panchayat elections every 5 years
For the tribal communities, a separate
Panchayat Act was legislated in 1996
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Powers and responsibilities delegated to
Panchayats at the appropriate level :-
Preparation of plan for economic development and
social justice
Implementation of schemes for economic
development and social justice in relation to 29
subjects given in Eleventh Schedule of the
Constitution
Levy, collect and appropriate taxes, duties, tolls and
fees
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District Level = Zila Parisad
People's Government
President
Vice-President
Elected members &
Ex-officio Members
Development Administration
Chief Secretary
Deputy Secretaries
Chief Accounts Officer
Chief Planning Officer/CDO/CEO, DRDA
http://www.geocities.com/kstability/learning/banking2/panchayat-raj.html
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Block Level = Panchayat Samiti/ Block
Panchayat/ Taluk Panchayat People's Government
Chairman
Elected Members
Ex-officio-members
Development Administration
Block Development Officer
Standing Committee
http://www.geocities.com/kstability/learning/banking2/panchayat-raj.html
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Village Level = Gram Panchayat People's Government
President
Vice-president Elected members
Development Administration
SecretaryVillage Level Workers
http://www.geocities.com/kstability/learning/banking2/panchayat-raj.html