CHINADisunion 220-589Sui Dynasty 589-618Tang Dynasty 618-9185 Dynasties 10 Kingdoms 907-960Song Dynasty 960-1279

DISUNION• What does disunion mean?

Period of Disunion• 220-589 AD• Han Empire Collapsed • Nomadic people settled in the North• Nomadic and Chinese culture mixed• Nomadic people started to rule to North

Sui Dynasty• 589-618

• In 589 the Nomadic North Ruler conquered the South and built the Sui Dynasty

• Famous for the Grand Cannel that linked the North and South

Tang Dynasty• 618-918

• The people of the Sui Dynasty over threw the government and built the Tang Dynasty

• “Golden Age of Chinese civilization”

Tang Dynasty• Rulers:• Empress Wu

• Intelligent and talented

• Xuanzong• Poets

• Taizong: • Equal field system• Military• Law codes

5 dynasties and 10 Kingdoms• 907-960

Song Dynasty

• 960-1279

Buddhism• Started in India in 500 BC

• First came into China in the Period of Disunion

• “State of Peace”

• Chinese introduced Buddhism to Japan and Korea

• 400-845 Age of Buddhism

China Growing…• During the Tang and Song Dynasties China made many

advancements

Song Dynasty Advancements• Agriculture advancements:

Irrigation techniquesUnderground wellsTool: Dragon backbone pumpAmount of land that was farmed increasedFast ripening rice

More food, means more people China’s Population grew from 60 million to 100 million people

Song Dynasty• Capitol was Kaifeng

Tang Dynasty Advancements• Capitol was Chang’an This capitol had people from China, Korea, Persia, Arabia and

EuropeThe population was 1 million

Artists and PoetsWu Daozi- MuralistLi Bo and Du Fu- Poets

Li Qingzhao- female poet

Tang and Song Dynasties Grew…• This helped trade grow

• The Grand Cannel started by the Sui Dynasty helped move goods• Chinese traded with India, South East Asia, Japan and Korea

• Chinese Exported and Imported many things for trading

Chinese Exported• Tea• Rice• Silk• Spices• Jade• Porcelain***

Chinese imported• Wool• Plants• Glass• Gold• Silver

Chinese Inventions• Paper• Porcelain• Woodblock printing• Gunpowder• Movable type• Paper money• Magnetic compass

Inventions• Paper

• 105 AD –Han Dynasty• Paper was one of the greatest of all Chinese inventions. It gave

Chinese a cheap and easy way of keeping records and made printing possible.

Inventions• Porcelain

• Tang Dynasty• Chinese artists were famous for their work with the fragile

material

Inventions• Woodblock printing

• Tang Dynasty• The Chinese had this printing before Europe. Printers could copy

drawings or text quickly, much faster than it could be copied by hand

Inventions• Gunpowder

Tang or early Song dynastyGunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals. The Chinese did not generally use it as a weapon

Inventions• Movable type

• Song Dynasty• Made printing much faster. Carved letters could be rearranged

and reused to print many different messages

Inventions• Magnetic Compass

• Han Period• The compass was a greatly improved by the Tang Dynasty. The

new compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances

Inventions• Paper Money

• Song Dynasty• Lighter and easier to handle than coins, paper money helped the

Chinese manage their growing wealth

Buddhism vs. Confucianism• Confucianism –stressed ethical behavior

• Buddhism- stressed spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering

Chinese Government• Confucianism • Neo- Confucianism • Bureaucracy

Confucianism• Based on teaching by Confucius

• Confucius teachings focused on Ethics and Proper Behavior

• Lived should focus on two principals• Ren – Concern for other• Li- Appropriate behavior

Neo-Confucianism• The Tang Dynasty wanted to improve there government and

society

• Neo Confucian scholars discussed issues such as what makes human beings do bad things even if their basic nature of good

• Neo-Confucianism also incorporated spiritual matters

Bureaucracy• Song Dynasty-Major part of the stability of this government

• Bureaucracy – a body of unelected government officials

• To become part of the government officials you had to pass a test on Confucianism and the test was long!

• When you passed the test you became part of the civil service of the government and a scholar official.

• This process was open to everyone as long as you could pass the test.

Yuan Dynasty• The Nomadic people from the North were called Mongols• In 1206 AD the Mongols United under Genhis Khan “Universal

Ruler”• Genghis Khan lead the first armies into North China in 1211• By 1227 He controlled most of China-But he Died• Then His son took over• Then his Grandson Kublai Khan in 1260 AD and in 1279

declared himself the emperor of China • 1279 was the start of Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty• Chinese did not like being controlled by the Mongols, they

were not Chinese• Kublai Khan tried to be nice and adopt Confucianism• But then he also felt like taxing the people• The Yuan Dynasty extended the grand canal and built new

roads and palaces• The capitol was Dadu• A famous trader traded with China from 1271-1295 Marco

Polo

Yuan Dynasty• The Mongols wanted more land and so they decided to

expand to Japan• But Japan fought them off and their army weakened• So Zhu Yuanzhang led his army against the Mongols and won.

Now China would once again be ruled by the Chinese

Ming Dynasty 1368-1644• Zhu Yuanzhang defeated the Mongols and became emperor of

china• The Ming dynasty improved ships and sailing: A famous sailor

was Zheng He• Zheng He brought back exotic animals from Africa and

showed other countries how powerful the Chinese were

Ming Dynasty• In Beijing the Ming Dynasty built the Forbidden City and

common people could not enter. This was a symbol of china's glory

• The Ming Dynasty also started to restore the Great Wall from the Mongol invasion. The Great Wall is 2000 miles long. That is from San Diego to New York. People started to feel safe now from the Mongols.

Ming Dynasty• The Ming wanted to eliminate all foreign influences in China

• China then entered a period of Isolationism. They avoided contact with other countries

3 Ways of Thought

BuddhismTaoismConfucianism

ConfuciusConfucius

Confucius was born here and lived during the Zhou dynasty.

Anthem

Confucianism stressed the importance of education

Scholar-OfficialsTypical responsibilities might include running government offices; maintaining roads, irrigation systems, and

other public works; updating and maintaining official records; or collecting taxes.

Filial piety basically describes the correct way to act towards one's parents. Filial piety consists of several factors; the main ideas include loving one's parents, being respectful, polite, considerate, loyal, helpful, dutiful, and obedient.

Confucianism• Respect for family, elders &

ancestors.• Logic and learning are very important.• Become better by studying or by

serving the government.

Answer the following as if you are Confucius

• What are you known for you and what is your original name?

• I am the founder of Confucianism and I was first called Kong Fu Zi.

• How can one achieve harmony with in a family?• By being loyal courteous, honest faithful and

obedient to those who are in authority.

Laozi

The Tao of Pooh• Winnie the Pooh is an example of a Taoist. (seriously!)• He goes through life without worrying too much or making things

too hard.• Because of that, he is almost always happy!

"Pooh hasn't much Brain, but he never comes to any harm. He does silly things and they turn out right." - Piglet

Taoism

• All about making life simple and easy.• Avoid conflict of all kinds.• Desires are to be avoided as well.• Teaches that simply viewing things properly will make you

happier.

Answer the following as if you

are Laozi

Answer the following as if you

are Laozi

• What is the only way for Modern America to live peacefully?

• By living simply, in harmony with nature, by “living green” in a self sustainable economy.

• What is the main cause of our economic crisis?• America has strived for fame and power

which will lead to the downfall of any economy.

Buddha

Desire is the root of unhappiness.

Suffering is a normal part of life.

All life is to be respected.

Respect the rights of other people.

Buddhism

Questions for The Buddha

• Answer the following as if you were the Buddha:• What is your original name,where are you from and how old

were you when you died?• My name was Siddhartha Gautama and I lived in India until I

was eighty years old• What does the Buddha mean?• Enlightened one

•Who said it?

“Like a spider caught in its own web is a person driven by fierce cravings. Break out of the web, and turn away from the world of sensory pleasure and sorrow.”

• In your own words, what is the meaning of this statement?• Who do you think said it?....the Buddha, Confucius, or Laozi?

“If a ruler himself is upright (honest), all will go well without orders. But if he himself is not upright, even though he gives orders they will not be obeyed.”

• In your own words, what is the meaning of this statement?• Who do you think said it?....the Buddha, Confucius, or Laozi?

“Highest good is like water. Because water excels in benefiting the myriad creatures without contending with them and settles where none would like to be, it comes close to the Way.”

• In your own words, what is the meaning of this statement?• Who do you think said it?....the Buddha, Confucius, or Laozi?

“The mind is flighty, and hard to grasp; the mind pursues all it desires. To tame the mind is great goodness. Subdue the mind and know tranquility.”

• In your own words, what is the meaning of this statement?• Who do you think said it?....the Buddha, Confucius, or Laozi?

“The more laws and edicts (official rules) are imposed, the more thieves and bandits there will be.”

• In your own words, what is the meaning of this statement?• Who do you think said it?....the Buddha, Confucius, or Laozi?

“Be respectful at home, serious at work, faithful in human relations. Even if you go to uncivilized areas, these virtues (good qualities) are not to be abandoned.”

• In your own words, what is the meaning of this statement?• Who do you think said it?....the Buddha, Confucius, or Laozi?

“Seeing that our body, with hair and skin, is derived from our parents, we should not allow it to be injured in any way. This is the beginning of filial respect. We develop our own character and practice the way so as to perpetuate our name for future generations, and to bring honor to our parents.”

• In your own words, what is the meaning of this statement?

• Who do you think said it?....the Buddha, Confucius, or Laozi?

“Life is a journey, death is a return to the earth, the universe is like an inn, the passing years are like dust.”

• In your own words, what is the meaning of this statement?

• Who do you think said it?....the Buddha, Confucius, or Laozi?

“The sage, because he does nothing, never ruins anything; and, because he does not lay hold of anything, loses nothing.”

• In your own words, what is the meaning of this statement?

• Who do you think said it?....the Buddha, Confucius, or Laozi?

2 answers

China Reunites • After the Han Dynasty fell in 220, for the next 300 years, China

fell into disorder. Wars between small kingdoms and poverty were rampant. Mongols attacked the Great Wall and tore parts of it down. Finally in 581, a general named Wendi, or Wen for short, was strong enough to reunite China by force. This would usher in the next three dynasties: Sui, Tang, and Song.

Our area of focus

Background on Dynasties• During the Tang Dynasty, China reached a new height in

wealth and power. This was mainly due to a trade boon that brought higher levels of trade then ever before. After centuries of attacks by Mongols and roaming bandits, the Silk Road was once again busy with travelers.

Silk was only one of several items to be traded on the Silk Road during these dynasties.

Most of the Silk Road travels through rough climates…

Travel companies today offer vacations traveling the Silk

Road on camelback.

Many clothes are made out of silk today, most still come from China

Terms to Know • Dynasty = A ruling family that controls a country for

generations• Silk Road = ancient caravan route across Asia, which traders

carried silk and other goods to Europe

Growth under the Tang Dynasty • Trade reached new height on

Silk Road after years of disorder • Common items traded:

• Silk, tea, steel, Why?? • Coal = better at heating

then wood

Statue of Buddha from the Tang Dynasty

Growth under Song Dynasty• Paintings; landscapes on

silk most common • Highly crafted Porcelain =

high demand in Europe• New forms of poetry

spread; dealt with nature, joy of life

• Paper money is used, 1st time

• Mongols end it (1279,) start their own dynasty

Land in Red that China controlled during the Song Dynasty

Explorer #1 Zheng He (1371-1433)

• The leader of overseas trade during the Ming Dynasty

• Traded silk, paper, and porcelain with Europe, India, Arabia, Africa

• 1st to spread European and Arabic culture since Marco Polo

This guy would even trade goods for giraffes, elephants and other animals for the Emperor’s zoo.

Voyages of Zheng He (1405-1433)

Explorer #2 – Marco Polo

• Most famous to travel the Silk Road

• An Italian from Venice, Italy • Importance: Very few

Europeans were allowed to travel as freely in China.

• Chinese thought most Europeans were barbarians; no trust

Why was this European allowed to travel in China when others couldn’t?

Book Questions pgs. 253-255• 1) What actions did the Sui Dynasty take in order to

strengthen China’s economy? • 2) What caused the fall of the Sui Dynasty? • 3) What was the major problem during the Song Dynasty?

(960 – 1279) How did they try to solve it?

Class Structure in China

Terms to Know

• Meritocracy = a system where you get a job based on your ability, not wealth

• Civil Service Exams = very hard test given to determine your ability for a government job

• Scholar officials = social class which grew from those who passed the exams

Chinese Social Pyramid: Place the following social classes in order, top

to bottom

Emperor

Landlords

Scholar Officials (new)

Craftsmen/Merchants

Peasants

Development of the Scholar Official Class

• Highly used during Tang and Song dynasties

• Once passed, you were rewarded with jobs in government (poets, teachers, police, led Confucian ceremonies, etc.)

• Those that passed would become part of the wealthy scholar-officials class

• Importance: Created a meritocracy; encouraged education in all classes.

The Three Belief Systems of China• Buddhism• Confucianism

Buddhism: Background

• Buddhism is one of the major religions of the world today. It was founded in India around 500 B.C. by Siddartha Gautama, aka “The Buddha.” At various times, Buddhism has been a dominant religious, cultural, and social force in most of Asia. In each area, Buddhism has combined with elements of other religions, such as Hinduism and Shinto. Today, Buddhism has about 350 million followers. Most live in Sri Lanka, the mainland nations of Southeast Asia, and Japan.

Buddhism Terms to Know• Reincarnation = Idea that when a person dies, their soul is

reborn in a new body. Importance: your soul never dies.• Siddartha Gautama = Buddha’s real name, (563-483 B.C.) • Nirvana = a state of perfect peace, desiring nothing

Buddhism - Foundings

A: Monks brought his ideas to China around 200 AD using the Silk Road

Q: Buddhism was founded in India. How did it get from India to China?

Goal of Buddhist Monks = Bring everyone to enlightenment

Buddha’s Teachings: The Four Noble Truths

How do they support each other?

#1. Life is suffering and pain

#2. Suffering and pain are caused by desire for wealth, pleasure, fame, and power.

#3. End suffering by overcoming desire.

#4. To overcome desire, one must follow the “8 Fold Path” (Middle Way)...

…The Middle Way – How to be a good Buddhist:

1. Morally excellent conduct

2. Compassion for all living things

3. Calmness and purity of mind.

My pain and suffering will be over when I quit running!

Confucianism

Confucianism: Background• Confucianism is a philosophy based on the ideas

of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. From the 100's B.C. to the A.D. 1900's, Confucianism was the most important single force in Chinese life. It influenced Chinese education, government, and personal behavior and the individual's duty to society.

• Many people consider Confucianism a religion. But Confucianism has no clergy and does not teach about God, or the existence of an afterlife. Confucianism can more accurately be considered a guide to morality and good government.

Confucianism - Terms to know

• Confucius = Founder (551-479 B.C.)• “Golden Rule” = “What you do not wish for yourself, do not

do to others”• Main beliefs = respect for elders, education, commitment to

government service

Confucius’ 5 Most Important Relationships…

1. Ruler and subject

2. Parent and child

3. Husband and wife

4. Sibling and sibling

5. Friend and friend

Relationships have to be: loyal, courteous, honest, faithful, and respectful to authority.

How are these relationships important for maintaining a society?

Buddhism

Confucianism

Christianity

Belief in God?

Yes

Belief in Buddha

Is it a religion? Yes

More like a philosophy

Not taught Yes, one God

Holy book?

Yes, Bible Yes, the Dharma

No, but his writ-ings are called Five Classics

Focus? Four Noble Truths

Middle Way Creating a moral society

God; Teachings of Jesus Christ

How many today?

Over 2 billion350 million Over 5 million

Life after death? Not on Earth No Yes,

reincarnation

The Chinese Empire ReviewChapter 7

The crane is the most popular bird in Chinese history and is a symbol of longevity

Period of Disunion220-589

Period of Disunion p. 166• War was common• Nomadic people settled in Northern China.• CULTURAL BLENDING• Some Chinese adopted nomads’ culture• Some nomads adopted • Chinese culture

Disunion Religion

•Buddhism spread •Why?•It promised an escape from suffering

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Disunion Government•Control of government changed hands often

•Rival kingdoms were ruled by military leaders.

Disunion Economy

•Not great due to war.

Disunion Culture/Arts & Inventions•Blending of cultures created new types of art and music.

•New foods and clothing styles also developed

SUI DYNASTY p. 167

•589-618 Short period• (29 years). Grand Canal

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Sui Dynasty• Yang Jian took over China and ended

the years of Disunion. He1. conquered the south2. unified China3. created SUI Dynasty and4. restored order in China.

Sui Religion•Buddhism very popular and also:•Confucianism•Daoism

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Sui Economy

•Grand Canal was built that linked northern and southern China.

Sui Culture/Arts & InventionsGrand Canal major accomplishment during the Sui.

Tang Dynasty618-907 (289 years!)

Tang Geography (map p. 167)

•China grew under Tang Dynasty

•It included eastern Asia and central Asia.

Tang (continued)

•It is called “The Golden Age of China”

•Why?

Three Important Tang Rulers• 1.Taizong p. 167• Helped unified China through • 1. Programs• 2. Reformed military• 3. Created new laws codes• 4. Created land reform policy called equal field system,

Tang Rulers (con’t)• 2. Xuan-zong P. 167 was another great ruler. During his reign• 1. culture flourished• 2. many fine poets wrote during his reign.

Tang Rulers (con’t)• 3. Empress Wu p.167 - was another Tang ruler in 655.• 1. Only woman to rule China.• 2. She was vicious but intelligent and talented.• 3. She brought stability and prosperity to China.

Tang Religion• BUDDHISM • Buddhism grew until a Tang emperor

launched a campaign against the religion. He burned many Buddhist texts and destroyed many temples, but he did not destroy Buddhism completely.

Tang Religion continued• Buddhism changed when it blended with two other

philosophies:• 1. Confucianism-to improve Chinese government and society.• 2. Daoism

Tang Economy•Economy was GREAT!•Advances in agriculture.•FOOD surpluses helped trade and population.

•Cities grew.•China became very rich!

Tang Culture/Arts & Inventions

• Porcelain -first made during Tang Dynasty.• Woodblock printing was invented during

Tang. Printers could copy drawings or texts quickly.

• Gunpowder was invented during late Tang for fireworks.

• Magnetic compass was improved by the Tang.

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Tang Culture/Art (con’t)

• The artists and writers of the Tang Dynasty were some of the greatest in China.

• Wu Daozi painted murals.• Li Bo and Du Fu wrote poems.• Tang artists made clay figures of horses.

Tang Culture-Foot Binding

In the Tang dynasty they practiced foot binding. Foot binding was first practiced among the elite and only in the wealthiest parts of China. Foot binding showed others that these well-born girls were free from manual labor and had husbands who could afford wives who did not need to work. This practice was banned in China in 1912.

Foot Binding

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Song Dynasty p. 168

•960-1279 (319 years!)•China again reunified.

Song

•This was a period of great accomplishments!

Song Economy• Agriculture helped the economy• During the Song farming reached new heights.• Improvements in irrigation (called the dragon backbone

pump) allowed one person to do the work of several.• Fast-ripening rice allowed farmers to grow 2-3 crops in the

time of one.

Song Economy (continued)• Crops were introduced:• 1. Cotton• 2. Tea• EXTENSIVE TRADE BROUGHT WEALTH DURING THE SONG!

Song Banking• Chinese financial institutions were conducting all major

banking functions, including accepting deposits, making loans, and exchanging money by the Song Dynasty (960-1279).

Paper Money

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Song Economy (con’t)• Food surpluses helped the government.• Food was abundant.• Population increased.• Cities grew.• During the Song, China was the largest Country in the world.

Song Religion• NEO-CONFUCIANISM • The ideas of Confucius had a dramatic effect on the Song

system of government.• Ideas:• 1. Ethics• 2. Proper behavior

SONG NEO-CONFUCIANISM• 1.Government workers worked in a bureaucracy or group of

unelected officials.• 2. To join the bureaucracy, you had to pass a civil service test. • Students spent years studying for the tests. Those who passed

were Scholar-Officials or elite members of society.

Song Culture/Inventions

• MOVABLE TYPE• Inventors of the Song created movable type

which made printing much faster. Carved letters could be rearranged and reused to print many different messages.

• PAPER MONEY-The world’s first paper money was invented during th Song to manage their money wealth.

Song Culture/Inventions

• MOVABLE TYPE• Inventors of the Song created movable type

which made printing much faster. Carved letters could be rearranged and reused to print many different messages.

• PAPER MONEY-The world’s first paper money was invented during th Song to manage their money wealth.

Song Culture/Art• The Song period was noted for literature. Li Qingzhao was

China’s greatest female poet.• The Song artists also made porcelain items.

YUAN DYNASTY• 1279-1368 (89 YEARS)• MONGOL RULE

YUAN-Mongol Rule• Genghis Khan led bloody expeditions to conquer Asia.• Kublai Khan, his grandson, declared himself the emperor of

China in 1279.• This was the first time China was ruled by foreigners

Marco Polo• Marco Polo, an Italian merchant, wrote a lot about the Yuan

Dynasty and served in Kublai Khan’s court.

Yuan Culture• Mongols spoke a different language.• Mongols wore different clothing.• Mongols worshiped different gods.• Mongols had different customs.• Kublai didn’t force the Chinese to accept Mongol ways, but

some Mongols adopted some Chinese ways such as Confucianism.

Yuan Economy• Mongols disrupted many of the great things from the

Tang/Song.• Mongols kept control of the Chinese and made them pay

taxes.• Tax money paid for extending the Grand Canal, new roads,

and palaces.• Sea trade was good between China, India, and Southeast Asia.

Fall of the Yuan• The Yuan Dynasty fell when they invaded Japan. Violent

storms destroyed the forces and weakened their military.• The expensive public works projects also weakened the

economy and caused rebellion.

Fall of the Yuan (con’t)• The final fall came when a former monk, Zhu Yuanzhang, led

an army to a final victory over the Mongols. China then got back into the rule of the Chinese.

Ming Dynasty• 1368-1644 (276 years)

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Ming Dynasty•Zhu Yuanzhang (p. 183)led rebellion against the Mongols and won a victory.

•He became the emperor of the Ming Dynasty

• The Voyages of Zheng He

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Ming Religion•All three, with renewed attention to Confucian classics

Ming Government

•Emperors had strong control

Ming Economy• At first was stable and prosperous• Trade and sea voyages made the

economy prosperous.• Trade increased until the end of the

Dynasty when trade was stopped and isolation began.

Ming Culture/Arts & Inventions

•Great ships some longer than a football field.

•Grand building projects:•1. Forbidden City in Beijing with 9,000 rooms.

•2. Restored the Great Wall of China.

Ming Great Wall of China• Most of the Great Wall that we see today was built or rebuilt

during the Ming Dynasty 1368-1644.• Soldiers and guards would send signals from the wall.• Many people died building the wall (perhaps up to 8 million).

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Ming (continued)•The Ming fixed the Yuan Dynasty’s destruction

•In 1430 foreign trade was banned and China became isolated from the world.

CHAPTER 7

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Other•Population increased