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Chapter ResourcesChapter Resources
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earth.msscience.com
Image Bank
Foldables
Standardized Test Practice
Chapter Review Questions
Chapter Summary
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earth.msscience.com
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To transfer images to your own power point follow the following steps:
• Open the “Resource” file from the CD-ROM disc – view the file in the “normal view” or “slide sorter view” mode - go to slide #2 – from there you can click through the images and follow these instructions. Click once on the image.
• Copy the image
• Go to your own power point document
• Paste the image.
Transfer Images
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Growth Rings
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Scientific Methods
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Field Research
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Volcano Erupting
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Recording Data
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Technology
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Computer
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Apollo
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Rain Gauge
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Thermometer
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Weather Balloon
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Weather Station
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Elephants
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Scientist’s Observation and Notes
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FoldablesFoldables
Scientific Vocabulary
Make the following Foldable to help you understand the vocabulary terms in this chapter.
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FoldablesFoldables
Fold a vertical sheet of notebook paper from side to side.
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FoldablesFoldables
Cut along every third line of only the top layer to form tabs.
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FoldablesFoldables
Label each tab with a vocabulary word from the chapter.
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FoldablesFoldables
As you read the chapter, list the vocabulary words on the tabs. As you learn the definitions, write them under the tab for each vocabulary word. Exchange your Vocabulary foldable with a classmate and quiz each other to see how many vocabulary words you can define without looking under the tabs.
Build Vocabulary
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11Reviewing Main IdeasReviewing Main Ideas
• Scientific methods include identifying a problem or question, gathering information, developing hypotheses, designing an experiment to test the hypotheses, performing the experiments, collecting and analyzing the data, and forming conclusions.
Science All Around
• Science experiments should be repeated to see whether results are consistent.
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11Reviewing Main IdeasReviewing Main Ideas
• In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable being tested. Constants are variables that do not change. The variable being measured is the dependent variable. A control is a standard to which things can be compared.
Science All Around
• Technology is the use of scientific discoveries.
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22Reviewing Main IdeasReviewing Main Ideas
• Today, everything known in science results from knowledge that has been collected over time. Science has changed and will continue to change because of continuing research and improvements in instruments and testing procedures.
Scientific Enterprise
• Scientific theories are explanations or models that are supported by repeated experimentation.
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22Reviewing Main IdeasReviewing Main Ideas
Scientific Enterprise
• Scientific laws are rules that describe the behavior of something in nature. They do not explain why something happens.
• Problems that deal with ethics and belief systems cannot be answered using scientific methods.
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Question 1
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
Answer
Explain the difference between a constant and a control.
A constant is a factor that does not change when other variables change. A control is the standard by which test results are compared. A control is necessary in every experiment for the results to be valid.
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You conduct an experiment to test the effect of sunlight on plant growth, and give the same amount of water to all plants. Is the amount of water given to the plants a constant or a control?
Question 2
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
Trial #1 Trial #2 Trial #3
Plant A 30 minutes 30 minutes 30 minutes
Plant B 60 minutes 60 minutes 60 minutes
Plant C 4 hours 4 hours 4 hours
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Chapter ReviewChapter Review
Answer
Since all trials use the same amount of water, it is a constant.
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After you make a hypothesis, what scientific method would you use next?
Question 3
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
A. analyze resultsB. draw conclusionsC. identify a problemD. test the hypothesis
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Chapter ReviewChapter Review
Answer
The answer is D. After making a hypothesis, you need to test it.
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The statement that there is a force of attraction that pulls all objects toward Earth’s center is an example of which of the following?
Question 4
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
A. hypothesisB. lawC. theoryD. variable
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Chapter ReviewChapter Review
Answer
The answer is B. This statement describes the scientific law of gravity.
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Question 5
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
Answer
What does it mean to be objective when conducting scientific experiments?
You are objective if you design your experiment in a way that prevents personal opinion from affecting any part of your investigation, including observations.
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Which word refers to variables in experiments that do not change?
Question 1
A. constantsB. controlsC. dataD. hypothesis
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is A. Constants are variables that are not changed. Controls are standards for comparison.
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Which is an appropriate question for science to consider?
Question 2
A. Does breaking a mirror cause bad luck?B. What birds prefer nesting in low shrubs?C. What brand of fertilizer should farmers use?D. Which type of rose produces the most pleasing scent?
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. Questions that involve judgments about beauty or matters of opinion are not in the realm of science.
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
In a controlled experiment, the __________ is the observed condition that results from the change of the __________.
Question 3
A. dependent variable, control group B. dependent variable, independent variableC. independent variable, dependent variableD. independent variable, hypothesis
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. In a controlled experiment, the condition that is changed is the independent variable. The scientist then observes or measures the dependent variable that results.
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Which is a personal opinion that can affect observations in scientific experiments?
Question 4
A. biasB. concernC. ethicsD. fraud
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is A. Bias is personal opinion; fraud is the opposite of ethical behavior in science.
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
In an experiment designed to test the effect of fertilizer on plant growth, which of these is a control?
Question 5
A. plants receiving 10 mg per plant biweeklyB. plants receiving 20 mg per plant biweeklyC. plants receiving 30 mg per plant biweeklyD. plants receiving no fertilizer
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is D. A control is a standard used for reference. The plant group receiving no fertilizer is a control because growth in this group occurs in the absence of the variable being tested. Plant growth in the experimental groups can be compared to that in the control group to determine the effect of the fertilizer.
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