Post on 15-Aug-2015
CHAPTER 9:
PLAGIARISM &
FABRICATION • Define plagiarism and fabrication and identify
their consequences
• Identify the three types of information you don’t have to attribute
• Avoid plagiarism by attributing and paraphrasing
• Attribute information from a press release, email or website
• Avoid plagiarism and fabrication in multimedia
CREDIT TO CRONKITE Adapted from and used with permission: Guidelines on
plagiarism, fabrication and sourcing for students at Arizona
State University’s Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and
Mass Communication in Phoenix, Arizona, United States
DEFINE PLAGIARISM
AND FABRICATION And identify their consequences.
SINS AGAINST THE AUDIENCE
•Fabrication = lying
•Plagiarism = stealing
DEFINITION: FABRICATION Making things up and passing them off as genuine.
By Sodanie Chea
EXAMPLE: FABRICATION Adding words to a quote to make it sound better.
By Sodanie Chea
DEFINITION: PLAGIARISM Taking credit for phrases, sentences, paragraphs or even an
entire story that someone else created. This is true whether
you do it intentionally or inadvertently.
By *sax
EXAMPLE: PLAGIARISM Taking a quote from another news story without attributing it.
By *sax
CONSEQUENCES?
By *sax
By *sax and Sodanie Chea
FABRICATION: STEPHEN GLASS
• Reporter, 23, at
The New Republic
• Fabricated 27 of
41 articles from
1995-1998
• 2003 film
Shattered Glass
• 2003 interview
FABRICATION: STEPHEN GLASS
• 2014: California
Supreme Court
rules Glass, by
then 41, cannot
practice law
• Working as a
paralegal From 60 Minutes interview
IDENTIFY THE 3 TYPES
OF INFO YOU DON’T
HAVE TO ATTRIBUTE 1. Common knowledge
2. Background knowledge
3. What you see yourself
DEFINITION: ATTRIBUTION Identifying the source of a
quote or information in a story
DEFINITION: QUOTATION The exact words that someone
spoke. They are enclosed by
quotation marks.
EXAMPLE: ATTRIBUTION “If we want to inherit from my
father, we have to build a real
democratic nation,” said
democracy leader Aung San
Suu Kyi.
EXAMPLE: ATTRIBUTION “If we want to inherit from my
father, we have to build a real
democratic nation,” said
democracy leader Aung San
Suu Kyi.
EXAMPLE: ATTRIBUTION The economy in Burma should
continue to grow at an annual
rate of 8.5 percent in 2015-16,
the same as the year before,
according to the International
Monetary Fund.
EXAMPLE: ATTRIBUTION The economy in Burma should
continue to grow at an annual
rate of 8.5 percent in 2015-16,
the same as the year before,
according to the International
Monetary Fund.
ATTRIBUTE EVERYTHING, EXCEPT: Common knowledge
By C
ha
tha
m H
ou
se
U Thein Sein is president of Myanmar.
ATTRIBUTE EVERYTHING, EXCEPT: Background knowledge
By Chatham House
U Thein Sein was
born in 1945 in
Kyonku. He
graduated from
the Defence
Services Academy
in 1968.
ATTRIBUTE EVERYTHING, EXCEPT: What you see yourself
June 30, 2015
ATTRIBUTE EVERYTHING, EXCEPT: What you see yourself
A crowd of hungry
customers more than
100-strong formed lines
that spilled out onto the
sidewalk…soon after
KFC opened its doors.
AVOID PLAGIARISM By attributing and paraphrasing
AVOID PLAGIARISM 1. Quote and attribute.
Put the exact words in quote
marks and who said them.
2. Paraphrase and attribute.
Use your own words and
who said them.
EXERCISE: AVOID PLAGIARISM
July 2, 2015
EXERCISE: AVOID PLAGIARISM
“This shows there is no rule of
law in our country,”
– demonstrator Win Hlaing of
Prome, quoted by
EXERCISE: AVOID PLAGIARISM
Can you write in your story:
“This shows there is no rule of
law in our country,” said
demonstrator Win Hlaing of
Prome.
EXERCISE: AVOID PLAGIARISM
Can you write in your story:
“This shows there is no rule of
law in our country,”
demonstrator Win Hlaing of
Prome told the Democratic
Voice of Burma.
EXERCISE: AVOID PLAGIARISM
You call Win Hlaing in jail, but he says he can’t talk and to use his quote in DVB. You write in your story:
“This shows there is no rule of law in our country,” said demonstrator Win Hlaing of Prome.
AVOID PLAGIARISM 1. Quote and attribute.
Put the exact words in quote
marks and who said them.
2. Paraphrase and attribute.
Use your own words and
who said them.
EXERCISE: AVOID PLAGIARISM
July 2, 2015
EXERCISE: AVOID PLAGIARISM
Economist U Hla Maung said
the introduction of new notes
rouses people’s suspicion as
there are rumours that the
note is in response to
counterfeiting. –
from
EXERCISE: AVOID PLAGIARISM
Can you write in your story:
Economist U Hla Maung said
the introduction of new notes
rouses people’s suspicion as
there are rumours that the
note is in response to
counterfeiting.
EXERCISE: AVOID PLAGIARISM
Can you write in your story:
Economist U Hla Maung said the introduction of new notes rouses people’s suspicion as there are rumours that the note is in response to counterfeiting, the Myanmar Times reported.
EXERCISE: AVOID PLAGIARISM
Can you write in your story:
“Economist U Hla Maung said the introduction of new notes rouses people’s suspicion as there are rumours that the note is in response to counterfeiting,” the Myanmar Times reported.
EXERCISE: AVOID PLAGIARISM
Can you write in your story:
New notes rouse people’s
suspicion that the notes are in
response to counterfeiting,
Economist U Hla Maung told
the Myanmar Times.
AVOID PLAGIARISM 1. Quote and attribute.
Put the exact words in quote
marks and who said them.
2. Paraphrase and attribute.
Use your own words and
who said them.
ATTRIBUTE INFO FROM
A PRESS RELEASE
ATTRIBUTE PRESS RELEASE
May 28, 2015
ATTRIBUTE PRESS RELEASE
“Touted as Asia’s final frontier,
Myanmar presents immense
potential for rapid growth,” said
Lothar Pehl, Senior Vice
President, Operation and Global
Initiatives, Starwood Hotels &
Resorts Asia Pacific.
– the press release
ATTRIBUTE PRESS RELEASE
Can you write in your story:
“Touted as Asia’s final frontier,
Myanmar presents immense
potential for rapid growth,” said
Lothar Pehl, Senior Vice
President, Operation and Global
Initiatives, Starwood Hotels &
Resorts Asia Pacific.
ATTRIBUTE PRESS RELEASE
Can you write in your story:
A hotel official said that as
Asia’s final frontier, Myanmar
has great potential for quick
growth.
ATTRIBUTE PRESS RELEASE
Can you write in your story:
“Touted as Asia’s final frontier,
Myanmar presents immense
potential for rapid growth,”
said Starwood Senior Vice
President Lothar Pehl in a
prepared statement.
ATTRIBUTE INFO
FROM AN EMAIL
WHICH INTERVIEW IS BEST?
By A
no
nym
ou
s A
cc
ou
nt
WHY EMAIL IS WORST •The subject may be
masquerading as
someone else.
•Reporter has less
control over timing.
•Asking follow-up
questions is harder.
•The way someone
writes is not how
they speak.
By A
no
nym
ou
s A
cc
ou
nt
ATTRIBUTE EMAIL INTERVIEW
“The telescope will collect
data, hopefully leading to
discoveries about the
expansion of the universe.”
– Email from Dr. Saw-Wai Hla
ATTRIBUTE EMAIL INTERVIEW
Can you write in your story:
•“The telescope will collect data,
hopefully leading to discoveries
about the expansion of the
universe,” said Dr. Saw-Wai Hla,
astronomy professor at the
University of Computer Studies
in Yangon.
ATTRIBUTE EMAIL INTERVIEW
Can you write in your story:
•“The telescope will collect data,
hopefully leading to discoveries
about the expansion of the
universe,” said Dr. Saw-Wai Hla
in an email. He is an astronomy
professor at the University of
Computer Studies in Yangon.
ATTRIBUTE INFO
FROM A WEBSITE
ATTRIBUTE TO A WEBSITE “During the rebuilding that started in 1948, a relic chamber was discovered. Inside the chamber was a stone casket encircled by Nat (spirit) figures standing guard.”
– https://www.renown-travel.com
ATTRIBUTE TO A WEBSITE
Can you write in your story:
During the rebuilding that started in 1948, a relic chamber was discovered. Inside the chamber was a stone casket encircled by Nat (spirit) figures standing guard.
ATTRIBUTE TO A WEBSITE Can you write in your story:
“During the rebuilding that
started in 1948, a relic chamber
was discovered. Inside the
chamber was a stone casket
encircled by Nat (spirit) figures
standing guard,” according to
the website renown-travel.com.
ATTRIBUTE TO A WEBSITE
Can you write in your story:
A relic chamber was found
during the rebuilding, which
began in 1948. The chamber
contained a stone casket
decorated with Nat (spirit)
figures, according to the website
renown-travel.com.
AVOID PLAGIARISM
IN MULTIMEDIA
TRUE OR FALSE?
You can use any online image you find.
NOTICE THE FINE PRINT
DEFINITION: COPYRIGHT The legal right to be the only
one to reproduce, publish, and
sell a book, recording, image,
etc., for a certain period of
time
WHAT CAN YOU USE?
Sites that offer free images if you
attribute them to their creator:
https://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/by-
2.0/
WHAT CAN YOU USE?
WHAT CAN YOU USE?
WHAT CAN YOU USE?
EXERCISE: AVOID PLAGIARISM
You need a photo of the U Thein
Sein for a story. You search and
download one from:
a. Google Images
b. Flickr Creative Commons
c. The Irrawaddy website
d. The Myanmar Times website
HERE’S A FLICKR PHOTO With attribution
By C
ha
tha
m H
ou
se
TRUE OR FALSE?
You can edit parts or all of any YouTube
video into your video news story.
STANDARD YOUTUBE LICENSE
•Many videos on YouTube are uploaded
under a “Standard YouTube license.”
•You cannot edit all or parts of them into
your video news story.
•You can embed them on your site.
WHAT CAN YOU USE?
WHAT CAN YOU USE?
• Feel free to embed on your website.
• You can use any part of the videos (except for the music)
for non-commercial purposes.
AVOID FABRICATION
IN MULTIMEDIA Altering the photos or video to
misrepresent or falsify the facts, intent
or meaning of a story.
WHAT’S NOT OKAY TO DO
Basic lighting and
color correction are
okay.
From NYT Now
Do not
misrepresent the
original image.
WHAT’S NOT OKAY TO DO Do not stage
scenes unless you
are shooting a
portrait.
From NYT Now
It’s okay.
It’s a portrait
WHAT’S NOT OKAY TO DO Never ask someone
to perform an action
– or repeat an action
– that you missed.
From NYT Now
By Commonwealth Club
Don’t ask the
speaker to return
to the podium if
you missed the
speech.
WHAT’S NOT OKAY TO DO Do not crop a photo in a way that
distorts the truth.
From NYT Now
This is not okay.
WHAT’S NOT OKAY TO DO Do not use sound from some other time
than when you recorded the video.
From NYT Now
By i
nte
rne
ts_
da
iry
Using
sound
from a
different
time
would
not be
okay.