Chapter 9 - Plagiarism and Fabrication - JNL-2105 - Professor Linda Austin - National Management...

CHAPTER 9:

PLAGIARISM &

FABRICATION • Define plagiarism and fabrication and identify

their consequences

• Identify the three types of information you don’t have to attribute

• Avoid plagiarism by attributing and paraphrasing

• Attribute information from a press release, email or website

• Avoid plagiarism and fabrication in multimedia

CREDIT TO CRONKITE Adapted from and used with permission: Guidelines on

plagiarism, fabrication and sourcing for students at Arizona

State University’s Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and

Mass Communication in Phoenix, Arizona, United States

DEFINE PLAGIARISM

AND FABRICATION And identify their consequences.

SINS AGAINST THE AUDIENCE

•Fabrication = lying

•Plagiarism = stealing

DEFINITION: FABRICATION Making things up and passing them off as genuine.

By Sodanie Chea

https://www.flickr.com/photos/sodaniechea/

EXAMPLE: FABRICATION Adding words to a quote to make it sound better.

By Sodanie Chea


DEFINITION: PLAGIARISM Taking credit for phrases, sentences, paragraphs or even an

entire story that someone else created. This is true whether

you do it intentionally or inadvertently.

By *sax

https://www.flickr.com/photos/saxonmoseley/

EXAMPLE: PLAGIARISM Taking a quote from another news story without attributing it.

By *sax


CONSEQUENCES?

By *sax

By *sax and Sodanie Chea





FABRICATION: STEPHEN GLASS

• Reporter, 23, at

The New Republic

• Fabricated 27 of

41 articles from

1995-1998

• 2003 film

Shattered Glass

• 2003 interview

FABRICATION: STEPHEN GLASS

• 2014: California

Supreme Court

rules Glass, by

then 41, cannot

practice law

• Working as a

paralegal From 60 Minutes interview

IDENTIFY THE 3 TYPES

OF INFO YOU DON’T

HAVE TO ATTRIBUTE 1. Common knowledge

2. Background knowledge

3. What you see yourself

DEFINITION: ATTRIBUTION Identifying the source of a

quote or information in a story

DEFINITION: QUOTATION The exact words that someone

spoke. They are enclosed by

quotation marks.

EXAMPLE: ATTRIBUTION “If we want to inherit from my

father, we have to build a real

democratic nation,” said

democracy leader Aung San

Suu Kyi.

EXAMPLE: ATTRIBUTION The economy in Burma should

continue to grow at an annual

rate of 8.5 percent in 2015-16,

the same as the year before,

according to the International

Monetary Fund.

ATTRIBUTE EVERYTHING, EXCEPT: Common knowledge

By C

ha

tha

m H

ou

se

U Thein Sein is president of Myanmar.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/chathamhouse/

ATTRIBUTE EVERYTHING, EXCEPT: Background knowledge

By Chatham House

U Thein Sein was

born in 1945 in

Kyonku. He

graduated from

the Defence

Services Academy

in 1968.


ATTRIBUTE EVERYTHING, EXCEPT: What you see yourself

June 30, 2015

ATTRIBUTE EVERYTHING, EXCEPT: What you see yourself

A crowd of hungry

customers more than

100-strong formed lines

that spilled out onto the

sidewalk…soon after

KFC opened its doors.

AVOID PLAGIARISM By attributing and paraphrasing

AVOID PLAGIARISM 1. Quote and attribute.

Put the exact words in quote

marks and who said them.

2. Paraphrase and attribute.

Use your own words and

who said them.

EXERCISE: AVOID PLAGIARISM

July 2, 2015


“This shows there is no rule of

law in our country,”

– demonstrator Win Hlaing of

Prome, quoted by


Can you write in your story:


law in our country,” said

demonstrator Win Hlaing of

Prome.




law in our country,”

demonstrator Win Hlaing of

Prome told the Democratic

Voice of Burma.


You call Win Hlaing in jail, but he says he can’t talk and to use his quote in DVB. You write in your story:

“This shows there is no rule of law in our country,” said demonstrator Win Hlaing of Prome.






who said them.


July 2, 2015


Economist U Hla Maung said

the introduction of new notes

rouses people’s suspicion as

there are rumours that the

note is in response to

counterfeiting. –

from



Economist U Hla Maung said

the introduction of new notes

rouses people’s suspicion as

there are rumours that the

note is in response to

counterfeiting.



Economist U Hla Maung said the introduction of new notes rouses people’s suspicion as there are rumours that the note is in response to counterfeiting, the Myanmar Times reported.



“Economist U Hla Maung said the introduction of new notes rouses people’s suspicion as there are rumours that the note is in response to counterfeiting,” the Myanmar Times reported.



New notes rouse people’s

suspicion that the notes are in

response to counterfeiting,

Economist U Hla Maung told

the Myanmar Times.






who said them.

ATTRIBUTE INFO FROM

A PRESS RELEASE

ATTRIBUTE PRESS RELEASE

May 28, 2015


“Touted as Asia’s final frontier,

Myanmar presents immense

potential for rapid growth,” said

Lothar Pehl, Senior Vice

President, Operation and Global

Initiatives, Starwood Hotels &

Resorts Asia Pacific.

– the press release





potential for rapid growth,” said

Lothar Pehl, Senior Vice

President, Operation and Global

Initiatives, Starwood Hotels &

Resorts Asia Pacific.



A hotel official said that as

Asia’s final frontier, Myanmar

has great potential for quick

growth.





potential for rapid growth,”

said Starwood Senior Vice

President Lothar Pehl in a

prepared statement.

ATTRIBUTE INFO

FROM AN EMAIL

WHICH INTERVIEW IS BEST?

By Itz

aF

ine

Day

https://www.flickr.com/photos/itzafineday/


By P

hil

Wa

rre

n

https://www.flickr.com/photos/soulnotes/


By A

no

nym

ou

s A

cc

ou

nt

https://www.flickr.com/photos/anonymouscollective/

WHY EMAIL IS WORST •The subject may be

masquerading as

someone else.

•Reporter has less

control over timing.

•Asking follow-up

questions is harder.

•The way someone

writes is not how

they speak.

By A

no

nym

ou

s A

cc

ou

nt

https://www.flickr.com/photos/anonymouscollective/

ATTRIBUTE EMAIL INTERVIEW

“The telescope will collect

data, hopefully leading to

discoveries about the

expansion of the universe.”

– Email from Dr. Saw-Wai Hla



•“The telescope will collect data,

hopefully leading to discoveries

about the expansion of the

universe,” said Dr. Saw-Wai Hla,

astronomy professor at the

University of Computer Studies

in Yangon.



•“The telescope will collect data,

hopefully leading to discoveries

about the expansion of the

universe,” said Dr. Saw-Wai Hla

in an email. He is an astronomy

professor at the University of

Computer Studies in Yangon.

ATTRIBUTE INFO

FROM A WEBSITE

ATTRIBUTE TO A WEBSITE “During the rebuilding that started in 1948, a relic chamber was discovered. Inside the chamber was a stone casket encircled by Nat (spirit) figures standing guard.”

– https://www.renown-travel.com

https://www.renown-travel.com/





ATTRIBUTE TO A WEBSITE


During the rebuilding that started in 1948, a relic chamber was discovered. Inside the chamber was a stone casket encircled by Nat (spirit) figures standing guard.

ATTRIBUTE TO A WEBSITE Can you write in your story:

“During the rebuilding that

started in 1948, a relic chamber

was discovered. Inside the

chamber was a stone casket

encircled by Nat (spirit) figures

standing guard,” according to

the website renown-travel.com.




ATTRIBUTE TO A WEBSITE


A relic chamber was found

during the rebuilding, which

began in 1948. The chamber

contained a stone casket

decorated with Nat (spirit)

figures, according to the website

renown-travel.com.




AVOID PLAGIARISM

IN MULTIMEDIA

TRUE OR FALSE?

You can use any online image you find.

NOTICE THE FINE PRINT

DEFINITION: COPYRIGHT The legal right to be the only

one to reproduce, publish, and

sell a book, recording, image,

etc., for a certain period of

time

WHAT CAN YOU USE?

Sites that offer free images if you

attribute them to their creator:

https://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/by-

2.0/

https://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/by-2.0/





WHAT CAN YOU USE?

WHAT CAN YOU USE?

By J

as

on

Ep

pin

k

https://www.flickr.com/photos/jasoneppink/

WHAT CAN YOU USE?

http://www.freefoto.com/

http://www.freefoto.com/

WHAT CAN YOU USE?

http://www.freeimages.com/

http://www.freeimages.com/


You need a photo of the U Thein

Sein for a story. You search and

download one from:

a. Google Images

b. Flickr Creative Commons

c. The Irrawaddy website

d. The Myanmar Times website

HERE’S A FLICKR PHOTO With attribution

By C

ha

tha

m H

ou

se


TRUE OR FALSE?

You can edit parts or all of any YouTube

video into your video news story.

STANDARD YOUTUBE LICENSE

•Many videos on YouTube are uploaded

under a “Standard YouTube license.”

•You cannot edit all or parts of them into

your video news story.

•You can embed them on your site.

WHAT CAN YOU USE?

WHAT CAN YOU USE?

• Feel free to embed on your website.

• You can use any part of the videos (except for the music)

for non-commercial purposes.

AVOID FABRICATION

IN MULTIMEDIA Altering the photos or video to

misrepresent or falsify the facts, intent

or meaning of a story.

WHAT’S NOT OKAY TO DO

Basic lighting and

color correction are

okay.

From NYT Now

Do not

misrepresent the

original image.

WHAT’S NOT OKAY TO DO Do not stage

scenes unless you

are shooting a

portrait.

From NYT Now

It’s okay.

It’s a portrait

WHAT’S NOT OKAY TO DO Never ask someone

to perform an action

– or repeat an action

– that you missed.

From NYT Now

By Commonwealth Club

Don’t ask the

speaker to return

to the podium if

you missed the

speech.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/commonwealthclub/

WHAT’S NOT OKAY TO DO Do not crop a photo in a way that

distorts the truth.

From NYT Now

This is not okay.

WHAT’S NOT OKAY TO DO Do not use sound from some other time

than when you recorded the video.

From NYT Now

By i

nte

rne

ts_

da

iry

Using

sound

from a

different

time

would

not be

okay.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/16339684@N00/

Chapter 9 - Plagiarism and Fabrication - JNL-2105 - Professor Linda Austin - National Management...

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Transcript of Chapter 9 - Plagiarism and Fabrication - JNL-2105 - Professor Linda Austin - National Management...