Post on 28-Mar-2015
Chapter 7
Work Design
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Purpose and Overview
• Purpose– Provide a framework for jobs and
organizational work groups– Describe relationships among work design,
motivation, and information flow
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Purpose and Overview
• Overview– Changes in Design of Health Care Work – Contrasting Approaches to Work Design – Dividing Work into Jobs – Job Requirements – Psychological Approach – Technical Approach
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Changes in Design of Health Care Work
• Major Changes in Health Care – Cost – Nursing shortage – Managed care and shorter hospital stays
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Contrasting Approaches to Work Design
• Contrasting Approaches to Work Design– Technical Approach– Psychological Approach
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Dividing Work into Jobs
• Vertical and Horizontal Division of Labor
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Job Requirements
• Behaviors for Effective Task Performance– Decisions to join/remain in an organization– Dependable role performance– Effort above minimum levels– Spontaneous and innovative behavior– Cooperative behavior
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Job Requirements
• High uncertainty requires cooperative behavior
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Psychological Approach
• Focus: Worker Motivation– Individuals perform work that meets their
needs for growth– Jobs are intrinsically motivating
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Psychological Approach
• Perspectives on Job Design and Motivation– People are motivated and exert effort to satisfy
unmet needs – People evaluate courses of action to choose
among them
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Psychological Approach
• Connection: Behavior and Rewards– Experienced meaningfulness– Experienced responsibility– Knowledge of results
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Psychological Approach
• Contributory Job Characteristics– Skill variety– Task identity– Task significance– Autonomy– Feedback
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Psychological Approach
• MPS = 1/3 (Skill Variety + Task Identity + Task Significance) x Autonomy x Feedback
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Technical Approach
• Scientific management school of thought
• Focus: – Design jobs that use technology and minimize
waste
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Technical Approach
• Assumptions – Divide work into repetitive routine elements– Train and motivate workers to perform
dependably– Motivation is derived from economic rewards
not from job itself
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Technical Approach
• Interconnectedness of Work – Design jobs to minimize interconnected
elements over several people – Organize work to contain interconnected
elements within a single work group
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Technical Approach
• Coordinating Interconnected Work Within Units – Programming methods – Feedback methods
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Technical Approach
• Programming Approaches– Standardization of work processes– Standardization of skills– Standardization of output
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Technical Approach
• Feedback Approaches– Supervision– Mutual adjustment– Group coordination
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In Conclusion
• Psychological Approach– Increasing worker motivation
• Technical Approach– Improving flow of information among
interconnected jobs
• In Reality– Both approaches contribute