Chapter 7 Work Design. Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2 Purpose...

Chapter 7

Work Design

Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2

Purpose and Overview

• Purpose– Provide a framework for jobs and

organizational work groups– Describe relationships among work design,

motivation, and information flow


Purpose and Overview

• Overview– Changes in Design of Health Care Work – Contrasting Approaches to Work Design – Dividing Work into Jobs – Job Requirements – Psychological Approach – Technical Approach


Changes in Design of Health Care Work

• Major Changes in Health Care – Cost – Nursing shortage – Managed care and shorter hospital stays


Contrasting Approaches to Work Design

• Contrasting Approaches to Work Design– Technical Approach– Psychological Approach


Dividing Work into Jobs

• Vertical and Horizontal Division of Labor


Job Requirements

• Behaviors for Effective Task Performance– Decisions to join/remain in an organization– Dependable role performance– Effort above minimum levels– Spontaneous and innovative behavior– Cooperative behavior


Job Requirements

• High uncertainty requires cooperative behavior


Psychological Approach

• Focus: Worker Motivation– Individuals perform work that meets their

needs for growth– Jobs are intrinsically motivating



• Perspectives on Job Design and Motivation– People are motivated and exert effort to satisfy

unmet needs – People evaluate courses of action to choose

among them



• Connection: Behavior and Rewards– Experienced meaningfulness– Experienced responsibility– Knowledge of results



• Contributory Job Characteristics– Skill variety– Task identity– Task significance– Autonomy– Feedback



• MPS = 1/3 (Skill Variety + Task Identity + Task Significance) x Autonomy x Feedback


Technical Approach

• Scientific management school of thought

• Focus: – Design jobs that use technology and minimize

waste


Technical Approach

• Assumptions – Divide work into repetitive routine elements– Train and motivate workers to perform

dependably– Motivation is derived from economic rewards

not from job itself


Technical Approach

• Interconnectedness of Work – Design jobs to minimize interconnected

elements over several people – Organize work to contain interconnected

elements within a single work group


Technical Approach

• Coordinating Interconnected Work Within Units – Programming methods – Feedback methods


Technical Approach

• Programming Approaches– Standardization of work processes– Standardization of skills– Standardization of output


Technical Approach

• Feedback Approaches– Supervision– Mutual adjustment– Group coordination


In Conclusion

• Psychological Approach– Increasing worker motivation

• Technical Approach– Improving flow of information among

interconnected jobs

• In Reality– Both approaches contribute

Chapter 7 Work Design. Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2 Purpose...

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Transcript of Chapter 7 Work Design. Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2 Purpose...