Ch 17 – The West Transformed I can understand how the growth of big business affected the...

Ch 17 – The West Transformed

I can understand how the growth of big business affected the development of the West

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bullet points p.601 read pgs. 574-581

Ch 17 Sec 1Mining and Railroads

•I can understand how mining and railroads drew people to the West

All the Gold in California

• Gold discovered in CA. 1849

• People came

Comstock Lode• 1859 – Gold found –

Nevada- Comstock property

• Gold was hard to get• Miners found silver• Easy to get

Virginia City• 20 year mine• $300 million in silver• 4.8 billion today

Black Hills mines

• Hard to get at gold

Alaska Gold Rush – 1890’s

Boom Town Life

• Tent cities• Bad facilities

Women’s work

• Women did well

• Opened-

Restaurants- Laundries- Bakeries

Who else made money?

•Large companies•Equipment suppliers

Immigrants• Over ½ foreign

1. Spanish2. Italian3. German4. Chinese

• Chinese discriminated against

Frontier Justice - Vigilantes

GIVE HIM A FAIR TRIAL THEN HANG HIM

Bridging the Mississippi• 1856 – First Mississippi railroad bridge• Rock Island Illinois

Incentives• RR’s got 10 square miles of free land

for every 1 mile of track laid• 1 sq mile = 640 acres

IMAGINEAn acre is approx. the size of a football

field• RR’s got 6,400 football fields either

side of their track per mile

Problems - Distance

Dangerous Work

Avalanche

Mountains

BIG Bridges

Tunnels

May 10, 1869

Transcontinental Railroad completed

Look at Map pg 580

•Where do major western towns develop?

Effects• Population increase• New States

- Nevada- Colorado- North and South Dakota- Montana- Wyoming- Washington- Idaho

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Ch 17 Sec 2Native Americans Struggle to

Survive• I can understand the

consequences of the conflict between the Native Americans and the settlers.

•People are moving west through Indian land

•Are there problems?•What is the solution?

Ft. Laramie Treaty1851

Ft. Laramie Treaty 1851

• Guaranteed tribal lands• Guaranteed safe passage

on Oregon Trail• Tribes paid $50,000 per

year for 10 years

Are There any Problems?

• Money or products are not paid

• People stop and build on Indian land

• Then, 1859 - GOLD!!!

• Who will the Government protect, the Indians or the settlers and miners?

• What will the Government do now?

• New treaties

• Cheyenne and Arapaho give up much of their land

• Some warriors object, attack settlers

• Nov. 29, 1864 – Peaceful group attacked by 700 cavalry

• 133 men, women, children dead

A Beginning

• Sand Creek Massacre starts an era of war

• One of the most feared soldiers were the, “Buffalo Soldiers”

• Who were the Buffalo soldiers?

Buffalo

• By 1870, herds start to shrink

• Buffalo important to Native Americans

Why do herds shrink?

Reservations

• Areas reserved for Native Americans

• Many problemsCorrupt Indian AgentsPoor landContinued invasion

1874 – GOLD!!

• Black Hills in Dakotas• Invasion of Sioux and

Cheyenne land• Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse

lead fight to keep settlers out.

IN THIS CORNER

IN THE OTHER CORNER

DETAILS

• Custer sent to force Sitting Bull and Crazy horse onto reservation

• Custer learns they are in the Little Big Horn River area of Montana

• Custer attacks

DETAILS

• Custer is excited• Rides hard to area• Help only 30 miles away

(2,000 men)• Custer disregards threat and

attacks

•1,800 Native Americans versus 210 American Cavalry

JUNE 26, 1876

•2 YEARS LATER, TOO MANY SOLDIERS FOR THE NATIVE AMERICANS TO FIGHT

Other Tribes

• Nez Perce – Idaho, Oregon, Washington• Horse and cattle breeders

Nez Perce

• Chief Joseph objected to reservation

• Tried to flee• Captured and

returned 1877

The Ghost Dance

• Some N.A’s (Native Americans) dreamed of returning to old ways

• Late 1880’s Ghost Dance appeared• Dancers in trance – swaying

movement• Dreamed talking to ghosts

Ghost Dance

• Believed1. Ancestors would return2. Buffalo would return3. White men would leave

• Soldiers afraid of uprising

Ghost Dance• Dec. 1890 –

Tribal police go to stop dancing and arrest Sitting Bull

• Sitting Bull killed

Wounded Knee• Sioux flee• Caught at

Wounded Knee S.D.

• Giving up guns a shot heard

• Soldiers open fire killing 200

Navaho

Navaho home - temporary

Navaho home

Navaho

• Raised sheep, horses, cattle

• Raided white settlements• Finally defeated 1864• The Long Walk

Apache

• Arizona – New Mexico area

• Led by Geronimo

• 1876-1886

Reform

1881 – Helen Hunt Jackson records treaties broken by U.S. in her book

INDIAN TERRITORY

Dawes Act - 1887

• Buy em out!!• Each Native American got

160 acres of farm land• Set up schools

Failed Experiment

• Few Native Americans took to farming

WHY?• Many sold their land cheap

Consequences

• Indian agents took power• Replaced native leaders• Native Americans gave up

traditional ways• Remained poor and

dependant

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bullet points p. 601 read pgs. 590-594

Ch 17 Sec 3

•I can identify what factors led to boom or bust in the cattle industry

Development of Longhorns

How did longhorns develop?

• Cross between Spanish and British cattle

• Cattle roamed free• When RR developed, made

cattle ranching profitable

Long drives

•Sometimes as much as 1000 miles

•Different trails

Cattle Trails

The Long Ride

•Time – 2 to 3 months•Path – Followed established trails

•Trails led to Railroads and breeding centers

• Lack of water• Lightning• Swift rivers• Grass fires• Swamp• Thieves

Spanish Roots - Vaqueros

Vaqueros• Spanish for cowboy• Ride• Rope• Brand• Chaps• Hat

Ethnicity

• Hispanic – 15%• African Americans -25%• White Civil War Veterans –

60%• Average age - Young

Cattle Shipping Towns

• Abilene• Dodge• Kansas City• Wichita• Denver• Cheyenne

Cattle Breeding Towns

Cowboy Myth

•Gunfights•Good guy - Bad guy•Buffalo Bill’s Wild west Show

Sitting Bull – Before He Died

•1885•50.00 per week

•4 months

Boom or Bust• Cattle drives lasted until 1880’s• Railroads to most locations

halted drives• Original price $5.00• Sold for $60.00• With new railroads, no longer

cost effective

Ch 17 – The West Transformed I can understand how the growth of big business affected the...

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