Post on 10-Apr-2015
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CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
• All living things are made up of basic units called cells
• The living component of a cell is protoplasm. It consist of cytoplasm and the nucleus
nucleus
cytoplasm
• The nucleus content is known as nucleoplasm
• Nucleus is surrounded by cytoplasm
• The protoplasm is surrounded by plasma membrane
• Cytoplasm contains a variety of tiny structure called organelles
• Organelles are cellular component that perform specific function within the cell
• Some of the cellular components can only be seen under an electron microscope
Animal cell
The cellular components of animals and plant cells
• There are many similarities and differences between animal and plant cells
• Both cells have the following cellular components:
a) Nucleus
b) Cytoplasm
c) Plasma membrane
• Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplast and large vacuoles
• Animals cells do not have cell wall and chloroplasts
• Vacuoles inside the animals cell are usually small
• Only a few types of cells have vacuoles
Plasma membrane
• A thin flexible layer
• Composed of phospholipids and proteins
• Semi-permeable – acts as a selective barrier
• Function :
• Separates the contents of a cell from its external environment
• Regulates the movement of substances entering and leaving the cell
• Allows the exchange of nutrients, respiratory gases and waste product
Cytoplasm
• Consist of a jelly like medium in which cell’s organelles are suspended
• Contains organic and inorganic substances
• Functions :
• As a medium where biochemical reactions and most living processes occur within the cell
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