CHAPTER 2 CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. The diagram shows the structure of a plant cell as seen under light microscope.Which of the parts A, B, C or D controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell?Rajah menunjukkan struktur sel tumbuhan yang dilihat di bawah mikroskop cahaya.

Antara bahagian A, B, C atau D mengawal pergerakan bahan masuk dan keluar sel tersebut?

2. The diagram shows the structure of an animal cell. Which of the structures A, B, C or D has chromosomes in it?

Rajah manakah menunjukkan struktur sel haiwan. yang struktur A, B, C atau D mempunyai kromosom di dalamnya?

3. The diagram shows a plant cell.Which of the structures A, B, C or D is tonoplast?

Rajah menunjukkan satu sel tumbuhan. Antara struktur A, B, C atau D adalah tonoplast?

4. The following statements are about an organelle of a cell. Pernyataan berikut berikut adalah berkaitan organel suatu sel

. Attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum Melekat pada jalinan endoplasma kasar. Exist freely in the cytoplasm Terdapat di dalam sitoplasma secara bebas. Site for protein synthesis

Tapak untuk sintesis protein

What is the organelle? Apakah organel itu?

A Golgi apparatus/ Jasad golgi C Vacuole / Vakuol B Ribosome / ribosom D Chloroplast / kloroplas

5. In which of the following is mitochondrion most abundantly found? Di mana berikut adalah mitochondrion yang paling banyak terdapat

A An ovum / ovum C A nerve cell /sel sarafB A sperm cell / sel sperma D A monocyte / sel monosit

6 The diagram shows an organelle. Rajah menunjukkan suatu organel

What is the function of the organelle?

Apakah fungsi organel tersebut?

A to generate energy/ menjana tenagaB to synthesise protein / mensintesis proteinC to control the activities of the cell / mengawal aktiviti selD to act as the site for photosynthesis / tempat bagi proses fotosintesis

7. Which of the cellular component can only found in animals cell ? Komponen sel  hanya boleh ditemui dalam sel haiwan? A Mitochondria / mitokondria B Centriole /sentriol C Nucleus / nukleus D Cytoplasm / sitoplasma

8. Which of the following is correct about the cellular structure and its function? Antara berikut, yang manakah betul tentang struktur dan fungsi sel?

Cellular structure/Struktur sel

Function / fungsi

A Ribosome To synthesise lipids / sintesis lipid

B Lysosome To produce energy / menghasilkan tenaga

C Cell wall To control the passage of materials in and out of the cells / Untuk mengawal laluan bahan di dalam dan keluar sel-sel

D Rough endoplasmic reticulum

To transport proteins to the Golgi body /mengangkut protein kepada jasad golgi

9. Which substance acts as the medium for chemical reactions in the cell? Antara bahan bertindak sebagai medium untuk tindak balas kimia dalam sel?

A Water / air C Fatty acid / asid lemakB Glucose / glukos D Amino acid / asid amino

10. What is the purpose of adding iodine solution to the onion epidermis when observing it under the microscope?

Apakah tujuan menambah larutan iodin kepada epidermis bawang  bila memerhatikan di bawah mikroskop?

A To test for starch / untuk menguji kanjiB To separate the cells / untuk mengasingkan selC To kill the cells / membunuh selD To stain the cells / mewarnakan sel

11. Diagram shows the cell organisation in a multicellular organism Rajah menunjukkan organisasi sel dalam organisma multisel

Cell P Organ . System Organism

Which parts of the plant can be represented by P? Bahagian tumbuhan manakah  boleh diwakili oleh P? A Xylem / xylem B Stoma / stoma C Leaf / daun D Schlerencyma / sklerenkima

12.The following information refers to an organelle of a plant cell.Maklumat berikut merujuk kepada suatu organel  dalam sel tumbuhan.

A membranous sac which occupies a large part of a mature plant cell.  Kantung membran yang menduduki sebahagian besar daripada sel tumbuhan yang matang.

Contains water, stored food, salt and waste materials. Mengandungi air, makanan simpanan, garam dan bahan buangan  .

Which of the labelled parts, A, B, C and D is the organelle? Antara bahagian berlabel A, B, C dan D adalah organel?

13. The diagram shows an organelle of a cell. Which process only occurs in this organelle? Rajah menunjukkan satu organel sel.             Apaka proses yang berlaku dalam organel ini?

A Osmosis / osmosis B Diffusion / resapanC Respiration / respirasi D Photosynthesis / fotosintesis

14. The diagram shows a type of animal tissue.Rajah menunjukkan satu jenis tisu haiwan.

What is the tissue?/ Apakah tisu ini?

A Epithelial tissue / tisu epitelium B Connective tissue / tisu penghubung C Smooth muscle tissue/ tisu otot licin D Skeletal muscle tissue / tisu otot rangka

15. The diagram shows the process of feeding by Amoeba sp. Rajah menunjukkan proses memakan oleh Amoeba sp.

Which organelle is not involved in the process shown in the diagram ? Organel manakah tidak terlibat dalam proses yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah itu?

A Lysosome / lisosom B Food vacuole / vakuol makananC Pseudopodia / pseudopodia D Contractile vacuole / vakuol mengecut

16. Which of the following organelles are involved in enzymes synthesis? Antara organel berikut terlibat dalam sintesis protein?

I Nucleus / nukleusII Ribosomes / ribosomIII Golgi apparatus / jasad golgiIV Rough endoplasmic reticulum / jalinan reticulum kasar

A I and II onlyB I, III and IV onlyC II, III and IV onlyD I, II, III and IV

17. Which of the following represents the heart? Antara berikut yang manakah mewakili jantung?

A Cell / sel C Organ /organB Tissue / tisu D System / sistem

18. Cell specialization is important in Pengkhususan sel adalah penting dalam

A Enabling the different type of cells to function efficiently Membolehkan jenis sel yang berlainan berfungsi dengan efisien

B Enabling the different type of cells to function simultaneously Membolehkan jenis sel yang berbeza berfung serentak

C Enabling the organs to control their excretory products Membolehkan organ mengawal bahan perkumuhannya

D Enabling the cells to divide at a faster rate Membolehkan sel-sel membahagi dengan kadar yang lebih cepat

19. The diagram below shows an organ system. Rajah  di bawah menunjukkan satu sistem organ.

What are the functions of the organ system shown above? Apakah fungsi system organ yang ditunjukkan di bawah?

I To transport oxygen to the body cells Mengangkut oksigen kepada sel-sel badan

II To defend the body against diseases Mempertahan badan daripada penyakit

III To remove metabolic wastes Menyingkirkan bahan buangan metabolik

IV To help regulate the volume and composition of blood Membantu mengatur isipadu dan komposisi darah

A I and II onlyB I and III onlyC II and IV onlyD III and IV only

20. Which of the following are organs of plants? Di antara berikut yang manakah merupakan organ bagi tumbuhan

I Xylem / xylemII Roots / akarIII Leaves / daunIV Phloem / floemA I and II onlyB II and III onlyC I, II and III onlyD I, II, III and IV

21. Which similarity between Amoeba sp. and Paramecium sp. listed below is true? Persamaan yang manakah di antara Amoeba sp dan Paramecium sp yang disenaraikan di bawah adalah benar?

A Both of them move in the same way Kedua-duanya bergerak dengan cara yang sama

B Both of them have the same shape Kedua-duanya mempunyai bentuk yang yang sama

C Both of them are unicellular organisms Kedua-duanya adalah organisma unisel

D Both of them feed in the same way. Kedua-duanya mempunyai cara pemakanan yang sama

22. The diagram below shows a type of muscle tissue found in the human body. Where is the tissue found?

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan jenis tisu ototyang terdapat di dalam tubuh manusia. Di manakah tisu yang ditemui?

A Heart / jantung C Liver / hatiB Pancreas / pankreas D Small intestine / usus kecil

23. The diagram below shows the structure of a cell organelle. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan struktur  suatu organel dalam sel.

Which cell does not possess the organelle shown in the diagram?

Sel manakah  tidak mempunyai organel yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah itu?

A Guard cell / sel pengawalB Epidermis cell / sel epidermisC Spongy mesophyll cell / sel mesofil berspanD Palisade mesophyll cell / sel mesofil palisad

24. Which sequence correctly shows the involvement of organelles in protein synthesis? Urutan yang betul menunjukkan penglibatan organel dalam sintesis protein?

A mRNA, DNA, ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatusB DNA, mRNA, ribosome, Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulumC mRNA, DNA, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosomeD DNA, mRNA, ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus

25. The diagram shows the cell organelles involved in the synthesis of proteins.

Which of the following statements are true about the diagram? Antara pernyataan berikut  adalah benar tentang rajah di atas?

I Synthesis of protein occurs at Q /Sintesis protein berlaku di Q II The synthesised protein are modified in R Protein sintesis  diubahsuai  dalam R.

III Chromosomes in P carry the information for the synthesis of proteins Kromosom dalam P membawa maklumat untuk sintesis protein

IV The proteins travel through T without any change and is then released Protein diangkut  melalui T tanpa apa-apa perubahan dan kemudian dibebas melalui S A I and III only

B II and IV onlyC I, II and III onlyD I, II, III and IV

26 Which of the following is a nervous tissue?Antara yang berikut, manakah ialah satu tisu saraf?A

B

C

D

27 Diagram 3 shows three types of animal tissues M, N and O.Rajah 3 menunjukkan tiga jenis tisu haiwan, M, N dan O.

Diagram 3 Rajah 3

Which cells are correctly matched to their functions?Sel manakah yang dipadankan secara betul dengan fungsinya?

LocomotionPergerakan

SupportSokongan

ProtectionPerlindungan

A O M N

B N O M

C N M O

D M O N

28 Which of the following is not an organ?Antara yang berikut, manakah bukan satu organ?A Liver C Stomach

Hati PerutB Skin D Red blood cell

Kulit Sel darah merah

29 What are the functions of the lymphatic system?Apakah fungsi sistem limfa?I Defends the body against diseases

Mempertahankan badan daripada penyakit.II Regulates the glucose level of the blood

Mengawal aras glukosa dalam darahIII Detection of stimuli

Mengesan rangsanganIV Lacteals absorb and transport digested fats back to the blood-stream

Lakteal menyerap dan mengangkut lemak tercerna balik ke aliran darahA I and II only

I dan II sahajaB I and IV only

I dan IV sahajaC I, II and IV only

I, II dan IV sahajaD II, III and IV only

II, III dan IV sahaja

30 The following statements refer to thePernyataan di bawah merujuk kepada

• Protects against mechanical injury and infection.Melindungi daripada kecederaan mekanikal dan jangkitan.

• Against dehydration of the body.Melawan dehidrasi dalam badan.

A Integumentary systemSistem integumen

B Muscular systemSistem otot

C Digestive systemSistem pencernaan

D Endocrine systemSistem endokrin

STRUCTURED QUESTIONS

1. The diagram shows an animal cell seen through the electron microscopeRajah menunjukkan satu sel haiwan sepertimana ynag dilihat di bawah mikroskop elektron

S

a) Name the organelles labeled S, R, X and YNamakan organel yang berlabel S,R,X dan Y

S : __________________________________R : __________________________________X : __________________________________Y : ___________________________________

(4 marks)

b) State the function of organelle S Nyatakan fungsi organel S

__________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

c) Explain why sperms cells contains more organelle S compare to their somatic cells. Terangkan mengapa sel sperma mengandungi lebih banyak organel S berbanding sel-sel Soma._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

d) Name the type of this cell. Explain.

R

Nyatakan jenis sel di atas. Terangkan______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

e) State three differences between plant cell and animal cell. Nyatakan tiga perbezaan di antara sel tumbuhan dan sel haiwan.

Animal cell Plant cell

(3 marks)

2

(a)

Diagram 1 shows the structure of Amoeba sp.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur Amoeba sp.

Diagram 1/ Rajah 1

Amoeba sp. moves by extending its pseudopodium or false feet.

Give another use of the pseudopodium.

Amoeba sp. bergerak dengan mengunjurkan pesudopodia atau kaki palsu.Berikan

kegunaan lain pseudopodia.

.....…………………………………………………………………..................................

NucleusNukleus

Vakuol makanan

/ Membran plasma

Vakuol mengecut

[1 mark]

(b) Exchange of gases occurs through the plasma membrane. Name that process.

Pertukaran gas berlaku melalui membran plasma. Namakan proses tersebut.

...…………………………………………………………………....................................[1 mark]

(c) Amoeba sp. used contractile vacuole for osmoregulation. Explain the process.

Amoeba sp. menggunakan vakuol mengecut untuk osmokawalatur. Terangkan proses

tersebut.

...........................................……………………………………………………………..

.....................................…………………………………………………………………

......................................…………………………………………………………………[3 marks]

(d) Unlike Amoeba sp., multicellular organism such as human undergoes cell

specialization. Explain the meant of cell specialization.

Tidak seprti Amoeba sp. organisma multisel seperti manusia mengalami

pengkhususan. Terangkan makna pengkhususan sel.

.....................................…………………………………………………………………

.................….............…………….……………………………………………………..[2 marks]

(e) Cell organization in human are made up of cells, tissues, organs and system.. Give

example of organ dan tissues presence in the following systems in human.

Organisasi sel dalam manusia terbina dari sel, tisu, organ dan sistem. Berikan contoh

organ dan tisu dalam sistem manusia yang berikut :

(i) Circulatory system/ Sistem peredaran

Organ : ……………………………………….. ..........................................................

Tissue : ………………………………………..............................................................[2 marks]

(ii) Excretory system /Sistem perkumuhan

Organ : ……………………………………….. .........................................................

Tissue : ………………………………………............................................................[2 marks]

(f) Cell organization in plants involved the shoot system and root system.

Name one different between these 2 systems.

Organisasi sel dalam tumbuhan melibatkan sistem pucuk dan sistem akar.

Namakan perbezaan antara kedua-dua sistem

..........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................………………………………………………………[1 mark]

3. Diagram 1 shows two types of cells. Rajah 1 menunjukkan 2 jenis sel

Diagram 1

(a) Suggest one difference between cell A and cell B. Cadangkan satu perbezaan di antara sel A dan sel B

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 marks]

(b) For each of the following cells, state one way in which it is different from cell B in Diagram 1. How does this difference help the cell to function efficiently?

(i) Sperm cell:

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Red blood cell:

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [4 marks]

( c ) (i) Name the structures labelled K and L.

K: ……………………………………………. L: ……………………………………..

[2 marks]

(ii) What are structures K and L made of?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

(iii) State the special features of structures K and L.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

(iv) Explain how the compound in structure L helps it to carry out its function.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

4 Diagram 2 shows two types of organelles found in the cell. Rajah 2 menunjukkan 2 jenis organel dalam sel

Diagram 2

(a)(i) Name organelles P and Q. Namakan organel P dan Q

P: …………………………………………………Q: ……………………………………………. [1 mark]

(ii) State the type of tissues where organelle P and Q can be found in large numbers. Nyatakan tisu di mana organel P dan Q boleh didapati dengan banyak.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

(b) Both organelles are involved in physiological processes of living cells. Explain the importance of both organelles to the cells.

Kedua –dua organel terlibat dalam prses fisiologi dalam sel hidup. Terangkan kepentingan kedua-dua organel kepada sel………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

(c) What are the differences between the reactions which take place in organelle P in an oxygen-rich condition and in an oxygen-deficient condition?

Apakah perbezaan di antara tindakbalas yang berlaku dalam organel P dan Q dalam keadaan kaya oxygen dan kekurangan oxygen.………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks]

(d) Explain the role of structure X in helping organelle Q carries out its function. Terangkan peranan struktur X dalam membantu organel Q menjalankan fungsinya.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [3 marks]

JADUAL SPESIFIKASI ITEM BIOLOGI CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

NO SOALAN SUBTOPIK KONSTRUK ARAS

1 2.1 Cell Structure & Function Knowledge R2 2.1 Cell Structure & Function Knowledge R3 2.1 Cell Structure & Function Knowledge R4 2.1 Cell Structure & Function Understanding R5 2.1 Cell Structure & Function Application S6 2.1 Cell Structure & Function Knowledge R7 2.1 Cell Structure & Function Understanding R8 2.1 Cell Structure & Function Application S9 2.1 Cell Struture & Function Application S10 2.2 Cell Strucrures & Function Application R11 2.2 Cell Organisation Understanding R12 2.1 Cell Structure & Function Analysis S13 2.1 Cell Structure & Function Understanding R14 2.2 Cell Structure & Function Application S15 2.2 Cell Structure & Function Understanding R16 2.1 Cell Structure & Function Analysis T17 2.2 Cell Organisation Application R18 2.2 Cell Organisation Application S19 2.2 Cell Organisation Analysis T20 2.2 Cell Organisation Application S21 2.2 Cell Organisation Understanding R22 2.2 Cell Organisation Application S23 2.2 Cell Structure & Function Application S24 2.1 Cell Structure & Function Analysis T25 2.1 Cell Structure & Function Analysis T26 2.1 Cell Organisation Knowledge R27 2.1 Cell Organisation Analysis T28 2.1 Cell Organisation Knowledge R29 2.1 Cell Organisation Application S30 2.1 Cell Organisation Application S