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HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES IN A NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION (NGO): A CASE STUDY AT MALAYSIAN NATURE
SOCIETY (MNS)
BY NOR AINI BTNTI ZAINOL RASHID
MASTER OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA
APRIL 2015
HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES IN A NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION (NGO): A CASE STUDY AT MALAYSIAN NATURE
SOCIETY (MNS)
BY
NOR AINI BINTI ZAINOL RASHID
Thesis Submitted to Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business,
Universiti Utara Malaysia, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the
Master of Human Resource Management
T \
Othman Yeop Abdullah ) Graduate School of Bushen ,
Univ~rsit i Utara Malaysia
\ J
PERAKUAN KERJA KERTAS PENYELIMKAN (- OF R e s m h Peper,
Saya, mengaku be&-, memperakukan bahawa (1, the undmined, c d h d that) NOR AlNl BlPJTI ZAINOL RASHID (810227)
Cabn untuk ljazah Sajana (Candidde &ese dq& 00 KSTER OF W e n RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Telah menge~wkedran kertas projek yang M j u k (has plweliw hisnerpmjed paper d h htbwhg tmr)
HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES IN A NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION: A CASE STUDY AT MALAYSIAN NATURE SOCIETY IMNS)
Seperti yang W a t di muka surat tajuk dan kum kertas pro@ (as it appears on fhe We page and front cover of the prom papw)
Bahawa kertas projek tersebut bdeh dierima dari segi bentuk serta kandungan dan mew bidang ilmu dengan memuaskan. (thd the projed paper acceptable in the form and content and that a ~~ knowledge of the lie# is cowed by the project paper,.
NamaPenyeSi : MADAM N O R W BT. HASI AZWN
Tarikh (Me,
DISCLAIMER
I declare that the substance of this project paper has never been submitted for any
degree or post graduate program and qualifications.
I certify that all the supports and assistance received in preparing this project paper
and all the sources abstracted have been acknowledge in this stated project paper.
a;/ NOR AINI B d L RASHID
810227 School of Business Management College of Business Universiti Utara Malaysia 06010 Sintok Kedah Darul Arnan
DISCLAIMER
I declare that the substance of this project paper has never been submitted foe any
degree or post graduate program and qualifications.
I certify that all the supports and assistance received in preparing this project paper
and all the sources abstracted have been acknowledge in this stated project paper.
NOR AINI BINTI ZAINOL RASHID
810227 School of Business Management College of Business Universiti Utara Malaysia 060 10 Sintok Kedah Darul Aman
PERMISSION TO USE
In presenting this project paper in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a
postgraduate degree from Universiti Utara Malaysia, I agree that the University
Library make a freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for
copying of this project paper in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly
purpose may be granted by my supervisor(s) or, in their absence by the Dean of
Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business. It is understood that any
copying or publication or use of this project paper or parts of thereof for financial
gain shall not be given to me and to Universiti Utara Malaysia for any scholarly use
which may be made of any material from my project paper.
Request for permission to copy or make other use of materials in this project paper,
in whole or in part should be addressed to:
Dean of Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business
Universiti Utara Malaysia
06010 UUM Sintok
Kedah Darul Iman
ABSTRACT
Malaysian Nature Society (MNS) is one of the largest and longest surviving
NGOs in Malaysia. MNS is dependent upon membership fees through subscriptions
as a main source of income; however it is not adequate to cover the cost of running
MNS. The biggest challenge in MNS is to seek financial support through projects to
maintain and sustain the organization. This exploratory qualitative research was
carried out to study the human resource management practices in an Non-
Governmental Organization (NGO) in a Malaysian context. Issues and challenges
were also examined. Applying saturation and purposive sampling in this study, ten
respondents were interviewed. Data gathered were transcribed, sorted, coded and
analysed manually using Excel. Findings in this study revealed three themes, namely
leadership, career development, and compensation and benefits. This study proposed
with effective leadership, career development, and compensation and benefits,
employees will perform better, increase retention and reduce high staff turnover.
Majority of the participants also mentioned about the low salaries. Salary is the
biggest motivator and MNS should look into a salary revision periodically.
ABSTRAK
Penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi
prestasi kakitangan dalam satu Organisasi Bukan Kerajaan atau "Non-Governmental
Organization" (NGO) yang mana kajian khusus dijalankan pada Malaysian Nature
Society (MNS) yang merupakan salah satu Organisasi Bukan Kerjaaan (NGO) yang
paling besar dan lama bertahan di Malaysia. Sebagai NGO berasaskan keahlian,
MNS bergantung kepada yuran keahlian sebagai sumber utama.
Walaubagaimanapun, jurnlah yuran keahlian tidak mencukupi untuk mengurus MNS.
Oleh itu, cabman utama pekerja adalah banyak masa bekerja digunakan untuk
mencari dana untuk menampung kos mengurus dan memastikan kelangsungan MNS
melalui pembangunan pelbagai projek. Cabaran utama dalarn pengurusan sumber
manusia adalah bagaimana untuk memaksimakan prestasi untuk mencapai objektif
dan jangkaan penyumbang dana tanpa penyeliaan yang rapi dan terarah. Pengurusan
surnber manusia berhubung kait dengan prestasi dalarn memenuhi keperluan
pemegang taruh dan pelanggan melaluti projek-projek yang dijalankan. Dapatan
kajian menunjukkan terdapat perkaitan antara kepimpinan, motivasi dan penghargaan
yang dapat mempengaruhi prestasi sumber manusia di MNS. Kepimpinan yang
berkesan dapat meningkatkan prestasi staf selain mempengaruhi staf untuk kekal di
MNS serta mengurangkan kadar lantik henti. Majoriti responden juga
mmebangkitkan tentang isu gaji yang rendah. Gaji adalah faktor pendorong utama
dan MNS perlu menilai semula gaji sekarang setelah 2 tahun. Penghargaan juga
membantu bagi memastikan staf melaksanakan tugas berdasarkan Petunjuk Prestasi
Utama selain mengekalkan staf.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In the name of ALLAH, The Most Gracious and Most Merciful.
Alhamdulillah, praised to ALLAH S.W.T. for the completion of this project
paper. I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to those who helped,
supported and encouraged me, and made this accomplishment possible.
I would like to acknowledge the guidance and advice of my supervisor, Puan
Norizan Haji Azizan and the many friends and colleagues in my class who shared the
trials and tribulations of pursuing a part-time Master degree.
I am grateful to my loving husband who tolerated my long hours on the
computer working on my thesis. Thank you for his support and belief in me.
I would like also to acknowledge the contribution and advice from some
members and staff of MNS who had either agreed to a questionnaire interview or
answered the questionnaires sent to them.
Finally, my sincere appreciation to every one of my relatives and friends who
have contributed in one way or other towards making this dream a reality.
I would like to give a very special gratitude and appreciation to my
supervisor, Puan Norizan Hj. Azizan for her professional commitments, guidance
and invaluable help which led to the completion of the project paper.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
DISCLAIMER PERMISSION TO USE ABSTRACT ABSTRAK ACKNOWLEDGENIENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study 1.2 Problem Statement 1.3 Research Question 1.2 Research Objectives 1.3 Significance of the Study 1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study 1.7 Organization of the Thesis
i . . 11 . . . 111
iv vi vii ... Vl l l
ix X
CHAPTER TWO : LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 10 2.1 Human Resource Practices 10 2.2 Turnover Intention 12 2.3 Impact of Human Resources Practices on Employee
Behaviour 15 2.4 Human Resource Practices in Non-Governmental
Organizations 17 2.5 Summary 22
CHAPTER THREE : METHODOLGY
3.1 Introduction 3.2 Research Questions & Research Objectives 3.3 Research Design
3 -3.1 Individual Interview
3.3.2 Focus Groups 3.3.3 Observation
3.4 Operational Definition 3.5 Population & Sampling Size 3.6 Research Instrument 3.7 Data Collection 3.8 Data Saturation 3.9 Data Analysis 3.10 Summary
CHAPTER FOUR : RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Introduction 4.2 Descriptive Analysis 4.3 Results and Discussion 4.4 Summary of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE : CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Introduction 5.2 Discussions 5.3 Conclusions
REFERERENCES 74
APPENDICES Letter of Permission to MNS
vii
LIST OF TABLES
Table
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1 : List of Respondents
Table 4.2: Coding of Key Findings
Table 4.3: Categorization and themes
Page
MNS
NGO
BOT
HR
HRM
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
Malaysian Nature Society
Non-governmental organization
Board of Trustees
Human resource
Human resource management
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
This study was carried out to study the human resource management
factors that influenced staff performance in a Non-Governmental
Organizations (NGO) in Malaysia, namely the Malaysian Nature Society
(MNS). A Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) is an organization
registered with the Registrar of Societies (ROS) and is neither part of
government nor a conventional for-profit business organization. Usually set
up by ordinary citizens, NGOs may be funded by governments, foundations,
businesses, or private individuals.
The NGOs in Malaysia include social groups such as Majlis Kanser
Nasional (MAKNA), Malaysian Advocates for Cerebral Palsy (MyCP),
environmental organizations such as NINS, Malaysian Turtle Conservation
Society, Sahabat Alam Malaysia, Malaysian Environmental Protection
Society, Friends of Bukit Kiara, school alumni associations, and many other
organizations labelled as associations or societies. They play a very important
role in society as they serve the public in specific areas as governed by their
constitution and develop social networking and cooperation amongst their
members. Many organizations support Government efforts such as the Red
Cross or "Bulan Sabit Merah" or Red Crescent while others play a role as
watchdogs for the public. Others play an advocacy role. They cover a wide
The contents of
the thesis is for
internal user
only
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