DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF LAOAGGRADUATE SCHOOL

GEN. SEGUNDO AVE., LAOAG CITY, ILOCOS NORTE

BA 203: SOCIAL, POLITICAL AND ETHICAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

MARK ANTHONY A. CADIENTEMBA, 3RD TRIMESTER, 2014-2015

GRAFT & CORRUPTION

• In 1988, graft and corruption in the Philippines was considered as the “biggest problem of all” by Jaime Cardinal Sin, The Archbishop of Manila.• In 1989, public perception was that corrupt government officials are “greater threat to the country” than the communist guerillas.• In 1992, President Fidel V. Ramos considered graft and corruption as the third major hindrance towards attaining his development strategy for the country.

• The Philippines then placed 6th out of 11 Asian countries under the Political and Economic Risk Consultancy (PERC) Corruption Perception Index (CPI), a measure of lost development opportunities in terms of investment.• However, while the anti-corruption landscape in the Philippines has improved, its low score of 6.5 still placed the Philippines as highly prone to corruption.

• In general, national and international opinion depict the Philippines as still corrupt • About 30% of the national budget is reportedly lost to graft and corruption every year.

Indeed, today, graft and corruption in the Philippines…….

REMAINS!

• GRAFT - The act of taking advantage of one’s position in government to gain money, property, and fame.

• CORRUPTION - Dishonest dealing or the abuse of public power for private gain. (STEALING)

Most corrupt agencies in the Philippines (Pulse Asia – March 2011)

1.) Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)2.) Philippine National Police (PNP)3.) Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)4.) Bureau of Internal Revenues (BIR)5.) Land Transportation Office (LTO)6.) Commission on Audit (COA)7.) Bureau of Customs (BOC)

Least corrupt agencies in the Philippines

1) Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)

2) Department of Health (DOH)

3) Department of Education (DepED)

SPECIFIC TYPES OF CORRUPTION IN THE PHILIPPINES

1) Tax evasion2) Ghost projects and payrolls3) Evasion of public bidding in awarding of contracts4) Passing of contracts5) Nepotism and favoritism6) Extortion7) Protection Money8) Bribery

RESULTS OF GRAFT AND CORRUPTION

1) Social Problems- Widespread poverty- Inadequate housing- Lack of Public Utility Services- Misdistribution of wealth- Breakdown of peace- Proliferation of vices especially

gambling and substance abuse

2) Political Problems- Inability of the government to

deliver basic services- Widespread decline of moral values- Continued patronage and money

politics- Lack of effectiveness of political

party system- Inadequate participation of the

majority of citizenry in the political process

3) Economic Problems- Economic underdevelopment- Low agricultural productivity- Unemployment and

underemployment- Inadequate rate of modernization

4) Spiritual / Moral Problems- Deterioration of traditional Filipino

ethical values- Disrespect of authority- Disregard of law, culture of death

and violence- Widespread state of godlessness

MEASURES EMPLOYED TO CONTROL GRAFT AND CORRUPTION

A. LEGAL MEASURES• The 1987 Philippine Constitution• R.A. No. 3019 (Anti-graft and

Corrupt Practices Act of 1960)• R.A. No. 6713 (Code of Conduct

and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees of 1989)

• R.A. No. 7080 (Act Defining and Penalizing the Crime of Plunder)

• Presidential Decree No. 46

• Presidential Decree No. 749

MEASURES EMPLOYED TO CONTROL GRAFT AND CORRUPTION

B. CONSTITUTIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION BODIES

• The Office of the Ombudsman (OMB)

• The Civil Service Commission (CSC)• The Commission on Audit (COA)• The Sandiganbayan

IMPEDIMENTS TO THE ANTI-CORRUPTION EFFORTS

• Specific culture of Filipinos is enhancing the proliferation of graft and corruption.

• The Filipino culture of giving justifies bribery and extortion thereby making it hard for law enforcement and anti-corruption agencies to arrest the problem.

• Agencies deputized to fight graft and corruption are not well funded by the government.

• Transparency is not religiously observed particularly in government transactions.

• Effective monitoring of government programs and projects as well as expenditures are not being seriously undertaken by those tasked to monitor them.

• No agency of government is deputized to examine the veracity of the data entered in the statement of assets, liabilities and net worth.

MORAL DEGENERATION

Moral decline (or degeneration) refers to the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of morality. The condition of moral decline is seen as preceding or concomitant with the decline in quality of life, as well as the decline of nations.

In the words of British lawyer and jurist Judge Devlin (1905 -1992), "an established morality is as necessary as good government to the welfare of society.

The Problem:

1) More and more Filipinos cannot cope up with the continuous increase of prices of basic commodities.

2) Foreign debts servicing gets the biggest chunk of the National Budget.

3) Oil prices in the world market rises to points where the Philippine Deregulation Law proved to be insufficient and futile

4) Trade markets are going down the drain

5) More investors, foreign and local, are pulling their investments from corporations for fear of unfavorable returns. 6) Government agencies tasked to address economic problems proved to be inefficient and incompetent.7) Vital institutions like PNP, AFP and COMELEC are beset with controversies of corruption and partisan politicking.

8) Election frauds are common sight.

9) Allegations of graft and corruption from Barangay officials to the highest post in the land are common occurrences.

10) Sexual harassments in work places and learning institutions are abound.

“Values indicate the moral imperatives, and social conscience or social control, internalized by the individual members of the society. They direct people on what should or shouldn’t be done, what is good or bad, and what, why and how to choose.”

MORAL RECOVERY PROGRAM (MRP)A movement which aims to mobilize

all Filipinos for nation - building through the practical exercise of human values to awaken us all to the power of these values in achieving our individual and national goals.

IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING MORAL

RECOVERY PROGRAM AS LAID DOWN UNDER EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 319

• Proclamation No. 62 dated 30 September 1992 declared a Moral Recovery Program signed by President Fidel V. Ramos.• This in response to the need to strengthen the moral resources of the Filipino people rooted in Filipino values and ideals that are pro God, pro people, pro country and pro nature.

VISION:

The MRP vision is a Filipino nation that is God-centered, people-empowered, prosperous national community living in Unity, Justice, Freedom, Love and Peace governed by a visionary government that is democratic, responsive and effective, graft-free, transparent and self-corrective with a community of civil and military servants who are professional, competent, disciplined and trustworthy

MISSION:

To arrest the moral decay of Philippine society by recovering and promoting positive Filipino values as a source of moral consensus, national identity and pride. It seeks the empowerment of all our people through the sustained application of human values and code of collective existence.

Article II, Section 21 of the Constitution's declaration of principles and state policies further provides that "the state shall maintain honesty, integrity in the public service and take positive measures against graft and corruption";

“Upang maitindig natin ang tunay na bantayog ng ating panlipunang pagbabanyuhay, kailangang radikal nating baguhin hindi lamang ang ating mga institusyon kundi maging ang paraan ng ating pamumuhay at pag-iisip. Ang kailangan ay isang rebolusyon hindi lamang sa panlabas kundi na sa panloob.”

-Apolinario Mabini,Revolution Filipina (1898)