FOURTH GENERATION MOBILE COMMUNICATION

TO PERVASIVE COMMUNICATION

Elements of Mobile Cellular

Communication Network

HLRVLR

cell

BS

Mobile Unit The Cell MSC

MAC layer

Packets from higher layer small sub packets

Stop-and-wait ARQ Go-back N ARQ

Selective-repeat ARQ

ARQ - Automatic Retransmission and Fragmentation Mechanism

TYPES OF ARQ SYSTEM

Stop-and-wait ARQ

Go-back N ARQ

Selective-repeat ARQ

Fig-5: 3D Model Representing Mobile Communication Syste

TDMA

FDMA

TDMA,CDMA

CDMA

LA CDMA, WCDMA multirate CDMA

UTRA

GPRS

GSM,IS-54, TDMA

AMPS, TACS, NMT

Target2-5GHz

100Mbps to

1Gbps

2000Mhz to 2200Mhz

2Mbps

1800Mhzto1900MHz

171 to 384Kbp

s

800MHz to 900MHz

9.6 to 14.4Kbps

935 Mhz to 950 Mhz

2.4 to 30Kbp

s

On the way. With high frequency mobile extension, accompanying a variety of new techniques having a data rate 260 times of 3G.

DSP

ASP

Packet Switching

ISP,WCDMA,

CDMA

uPGPS

Proposal for AMC OFDM

Introduction to Pervasive communication

All these existing and upcoming networks, combined together, are promising a global scale distributed

infrastructure

for

“all-time everywhere” communication,

known as

Pervasive Communication,

that seamlessly and ubiquitously aids users in accomplishing their tasks effortlessly.

Pervasive Communication

WIRED BACKBOME NETWORK

WIRED over WIRELESS NETWORK

PERVASIVE NETWORK

PERVASIVE COMPUTING SYSTEM

WIRELESS ACCESS

PERVASIVENESS MANAGEMENT

MIDDLEWARE SUPPORT

Network View

An overall infrastructural support to provide proactively a rich set of computing capabilities and services to a user (may be a nomad) every time everywhere in a transparent, integrated and convenient way.

Pervasive Computing (PerCom)

PerCom Components• Pervasive computation embeded computers and sensors “everywhere”embeded computers and sensors “everywhere”

• in devices, appliances, equipment, in homes, workplaces and factories, and even in clothing.

• Pervasive communication everywhere”a high degree communicationeverywhere”a high degree communication

• through a ubiquitous and secure network infrastructure

– with a wired core and wireless adjuncts (shell) that communicate with the core.

• Computing will be everywhere: pens, cans, pads, boards, coffee machines, alarm watches, etc.– Invisible and sublime

• Communication will be everywhere: among all devices– Wired and/or wireless– Single-hop or multi-hop

• Some of the devices (like refrigerators, ovens, etc.) already have computers incorporated, but without the capability of communicating among each other

Pervasiveness

Intelligent Refrigerator• Take out last can of milk

• Swipe can’s UPC label, which adds milk to your shopping list for Friday afternoon

• Make a note that you need milk for the guests you are having over this weekend

Intelligent Refrigerator

• Friday rolls around and you have not bought milk

• You are on your way back from office

• Deadline-based reminder is sent by the refrigerator to your pager

Reminder to Pager

• AutoPC informs you that you are now near a supermarket

• Opportunistic reminder: “If it is convenient, stop to buy milk”

Helpful AutoPC

Pervasive Network (PerNet)

PerCom Architecture• PerCom architecture can be framed into three broad

areas: – PerNet

• networking,

– PerWare• middleware,

– PerApp• applications

• To implement this architecture, all the three sets of technologies must be used judiciously

Applications

Middlewares

Network (PerNet)

user

user

user

user

PerCom Model

• Smartness involves accurate sensing (input) followed by intelligent control or action (output) between two worlds– namely machine and human

• E.g., a pervasive computing system that automatically adjusts heating, cooling, and lighting levels in a room depending on an occupant’s electronic profile must have – some form of perception to track the person

and also – some form of control to adjust the ventilation

and lighting systems

Smartness

Conclusion

Thank You !!!