4G / LTE NETWORK OVERVIEWBased on LTE crash course, Oct 2015

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4G/LTE• Mobile Network evolution

– 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G/LTE

• LTE Core Network• LTE E-UTRAN + RF• Standard• Practice in lab

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SD

Mobile Station

MSC/VLR

Base StationSubsystem

GMSC

Network Subsystem

AUCEIR HLR

Other Networks

Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.

GGSNSGSN

BTS BSC

NodeB

RNC

RNS

UTRAN

SIM ME

USIM ME

+

PSTN

PLMN

Internet

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eNodeB vendors

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• Big vendors: Ericsson, Huawei, ZTE, Lucent-Alcatel, Nokia.

• Picocell: NSN, airspan, public wireless,

• Femtocell network extender: samsung

• Module: common agility

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LTE network end to end in lab

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wifi

LTE

IR829(UE)

eNodeB

ethernet

UCS

QVPC: MME + SGW + PGW

ethernet

WEB Server

ethernet

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BACKUP SLIDES

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Mobile Network Evolution

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PSTN

• Circuit Switch, hierarchical topology• SS7 Network: STP, SCP, SSP• Main market players: Lucent, Nortel, Ericsson, Alcatel, Simens.

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PLMN• Circuit Switch• SS7 Network:

MSC, HLR, VLR• BTS, BSC• Main market players:

Lucent, Nortel, Ericsson, Alcatel,Motorola, Huawei

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Mobile Network Evolution

• 1G: Analog radio for voice communication.

• 2G: Started years ago with GSM, TDMA, CDMA: mainly voice

• 2.5G: Adding Packet Services: GPRS, EDGE

• 3G: Adding Air interface UMTS/WCDMA– 3G Architecture: Support of 2G/2.5G and 3G access– 3G extensions: HSDPA/HSUPA, IP Multimedia Subsystems

• 4G and beyond: Long Term Evolution (LTE), System Architecture Evolution (SAE): Evolved Packet Core (EPC) + Evolved Packet System (EPS)

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TDMA

(2G)

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CDMA

(2G)

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GSM network with GPRS (2.5G)

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CDMA 2000 Network Architecture (2.5G)

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UMTS/WCDMA network Architecture (3G)

SD

Mobile Station

MSC/VLR

Base StationSubsystem

GMSC

Network Subsystem

AUCEIR HLR

Other Networks

Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.

GGSNSGSN

BTS BSC

NodeB

RNC

RNS

UTRAN

SIM ME

USIM ME

+

PSTN

PLMN

Internet

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LTE Network Architecture (4G)

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LTE Core Network

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LTE Core Network: EPC

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LTE EPC protocols:

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Protocol stacks around MME S1, S3, S6a, S11

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Protocol stack around SGW: S1-U, S4, S5/8, S12

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Protocol stack around PGW: S5/8. S6b, SGI, Gn/Gp

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Cisco ASR5X000 (through Starent acquisition)

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LTE E-UTRAN + RF

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eNodeB vendors

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• Big vendors: Ericsson, Huawei, ZTE, Lucent-Alcatel, Nokia.

• Picocell: NSN, airspan, public wireless,

• Femtocell network extender: samsung

• Module: common agility

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LTE Air Interface: Radio Spectrum

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Most Cellular signals are in the 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 1900 MHz frequency bands.

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IPhone 6: supported frequency (www.apple.com)

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Apple’s iPhone 6 (Models A1549 and A1586) and iPhone 6 Plus (Models A1522 and A1524) both support four-band GSM, five-band CDMA2000, five-band UMTS (with HSPA+42 support), and sixteen LTE FDD bands (with support for up to 150Mbps of download speeds). The quad-band GSM and pent-band UMTS provide complete global coverage for GSM and UMTS/HSPA+ networks all over the world. The five CDMA2000 bands enable coverage on all CDMA carriers in the US (who use ESMR, Cellular 850MHz, AWS 1.7+2.1 GHz, and PCS 1.9GHz for CDMA), as well as KDDI in Japan (who use Cellular 850MHz and IMT 2.1GHz for CDMA) and China Telecom in China (who use Cellular 850MHz for CDMA). These bands are the same as the American Sprint model for the iPhone 5S and 5C. 

For LTE FDD, the iPhones support a full mix of bands for every region. LTE bands 1 (IMT 2.1GHz), 3 (DCS 1.8GHz), 5 (Cellular 850MHz), 7 (IMT-E 2.6GHz FDD), 8 (Cellular 900MHz), 20 (EU 800MHz), and 28 (APT 700MHz) are supported to provide the full range of access to LTE FDD networks throughout Europe, Asia, and Brazil. LTE bands 2 (PCS A-F blocks 1.9GHz), 4 (AWS-1 1.7+2.1GHz), 5 (Cellular 850MHz), 7 (IMT-E 2.6GHz FDD), 13 (US Upper 700MHz C block), 17 (US Lower 700MHz B+C blocks), 25 (PCS A-G blocks 1.9GHz), 26 (ESMR+Cellular 850MHz), 28 (APT 700MHz), and 29 (US Lower 700MHz Supplemental Downlink) offer nearly full access to LTE FDD networks throughout the Americas. Japanese LTE bands 18 (ESMR+Cellular 850MHz subset) and 19 (Cellular 850MHz subset) are intended to enable KDDI and NTT DoCoMo’s low-band networks, while band 28 sits in the wings for future 700MHz LTE network rollouts by KDDI, DoCoMo, and SoftBank.

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LG Optimus: (http://www.gsmarena.com/lg_optimus_g_e975-4941.php)

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LTE subcarrier

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LTE Modulation

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One Resource Block max throughtput: 6*2*7*12 = 1.008mbps64QAM: 6 bits; One Slot time: 0.5 ms; One slot: 7 OFDM Symbols

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LTE Standard: 3GPP

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What is 5G?

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• Core network: EPC has been all IP, and should be not much big change infrastructure side. Maybe more applications as time moves on.

• Air Interface: higher speed.–Modulation:•64 QAM, 128 QAM, 256 QAM

–MIMO–More wide bandwidth

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LTE Play in lab

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Quantum virtualized Packet Core (QvPC)

• QvPC family:– QvPC-SI: Single Instance (formally SSI)– QvPC-DI: Distributed Instance (formally SCALE)– QvPC-HI: Hybrid Instance (formally Hybrid)

• Environment:– CPU

• X86 hardware– Hypervisors (qualified)

• Vmware ESXi• Ubuntu KVM

– Hardware (qualified)• UCS B, C & E series• Pass-through support (17.0 FCS): VIC 1240 (B series) & 1225 (C series) + HP

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Virtualized Software Architecture: SWdecoupled from HW

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HardwarePlatforms

Cisco ASR 5000 Series Multimedia

Core Platforms

• Software functions work across multimedia core platforms.

• Cellular: MME, SGW, PGW, SGSN, GGSN, PDSN, HA, PCEF

• SmallCell: eWAG, ePDG, SaMOG, HNBGW, HeNBGW, ANDSF

• Inline Services: ECS, FW, NAT, Application Detection, ….

• Many functions run on a single platform (purpose build or virtualized)

ASR 5000 ASR 5500

Performance &Scalability

Natural extension to Virtualization

Virtualized Packet Core

StarOSSingle operating system

Field proven software & decoupled from hardware

Modular and virtualized OS

ASR5KPSC2

ASR5KPSC3

ASR5500DPC

ASR5500DPC2

VirtualizedQvPC-SIQvPC-DI

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LTE network end to end in lab

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wifi

LTE

IR829(UE)

eNodeB

ethernet

UCS

QVPC: MME + SGW + PGW

ethernet

WEB Server

ethernet

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MME+SGW+PGW running with KVM in ubuntu 14.04