4G / LTE NETWORK OVERVIEW Based on LTE crash course, Oct 2015
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Transcript of 4G / LTE NETWORK OVERVIEW Based on LTE crash course, Oct 2015
4G / LTE NETWORK OVERVIEWBased on LTE crash course, Oct 2015
© 2015 Cisco Systems Inc.. All rights reserved.4G/LTE Overview Cisco Public
4G/LTE• Mobile Network evolution
– 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G/LTE
• LTE Core Network• LTE E-UTRAN + RF• Standard• Practice in lab
2
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public 33
SD
Mobile Station
MSC/VLR
Base StationSubsystem
GMSC
Network Subsystem
AUCEIR HLR
Other Networks
Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.
GGSNSGSN
BTS BSC
NodeB
RNC
RNS
UTRAN
SIM ME
USIM ME
+
PSTN
PLMN
Internet
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public 4
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public
eNodeB vendors
5
• Big vendors: Ericsson, Huawei, ZTE, Lucent-Alcatel, Nokia.
• Picocell: NSN, airspan, public wireless,
• Femtocell network extender: samsung
• Module: common agility
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public 6
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public
LTE network end to end in lab
7
wifi
LTE
IR829(UE)
eNodeB
ethernet
UCS
QVPC: MME + SGW + PGW
ethernet
WEB Server
ethernet
© 2015 Cisco Systems Inc.. All rights reserved.4G/LTE Overview Cisco Public
BACKUP SLIDES
10
© 2015 Cisco Systems Inc.. All rights reserved.4G/LTE Overview Cisco Public
Mobile Network Evolution
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© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public
PSTN
• Circuit Switch, hierarchical topology• SS7 Network: STP, SCP, SSP• Main market players: Lucent, Nortel, Ericsson, Alcatel, Simens.
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public
PLMN• Circuit Switch• SS7 Network:
MSC, HLR, VLR• BTS, BSC• Main market players:
Lucent, Nortel, Ericsson, Alcatel,Motorola, Huawei
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public
Mobile Network Evolution
• 1G: Analog radio for voice communication.
• 2G: Started years ago with GSM, TDMA, CDMA: mainly voice
• 2.5G: Adding Packet Services: GPRS, EDGE
• 3G: Adding Air interface UMTS/WCDMA– 3G Architecture: Support of 2G/2.5G and 3G access– 3G extensions: HSDPA/HSUPA, IP Multimedia Subsystems
• 4G and beyond: Long Term Evolution (LTE), System Architecture Evolution (SAE): Evolved Packet Core (EPC) + Evolved Packet System (EPS)
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© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public 15
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public
TDMA
(2G)
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CDMA
(2G)
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GSM network with GPRS (2.5G)
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public
CDMA 2000 Network Architecture (2.5G)
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public 20
UMTS/WCDMA network Architecture (3G)
SD
Mobile Station
MSC/VLR
Base StationSubsystem
GMSC
Network Subsystem
AUCEIR HLR
Other Networks
Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.
GGSNSGSN
BTS BSC
NodeB
RNC
RNS
UTRAN
SIM ME
USIM ME
+
PSTN
PLMN
Internet
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public
LTE Network Architecture (4G)
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© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public 22
© 2015 Cisco Systems Inc.. All rights reserved.4G/LTE Overview Cisco Public
LTE Core Network
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© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public
LTE Core Network: EPC
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LTE EPC protocols:
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Protocol stacks around MME S1, S3, S6a, S11
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Protocol stack around SGW: S1-U, S4, S5/8, S12
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© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public
Protocol stack around PGW: S5/8. S6b, SGI, Gn/Gp
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© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public 33
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public 34
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© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public 36
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© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public 38
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© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public 40
Cisco ASR5X000 (through Starent acquisition)
© 2015 Cisco Systems Inc.. All rights reserved.4G/LTE Overview Cisco Public
LTE E-UTRAN + RF
41
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public 42
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public 43
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public 44
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public 45
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public
eNodeB vendors
46
• Big vendors: Ericsson, Huawei, ZTE, Lucent-Alcatel, Nokia.
• Picocell: NSN, airspan, public wireless,
• Femtocell network extender: samsung
• Module: common agility
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public
LTE Air Interface: Radio Spectrum
47
Most Cellular signals are in the 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 1900 MHz frequency bands.
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public 48
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public
IPhone 6: supported frequency (www.apple.com)
49
Apple’s iPhone 6 (Models A1549 and A1586) and iPhone 6 Plus (Models A1522 and A1524) both support four-band GSM, five-band CDMA2000, five-band UMTS (with HSPA+42 support), and sixteen LTE FDD bands (with support for up to 150Mbps of download speeds). The quad-band GSM and pent-band UMTS provide complete global coverage for GSM and UMTS/HSPA+ networks all over the world. The five CDMA2000 bands enable coverage on all CDMA carriers in the US (who use ESMR, Cellular 850MHz, AWS 1.7+2.1 GHz, and PCS 1.9GHz for CDMA), as well as KDDI in Japan (who use Cellular 850MHz and IMT 2.1GHz for CDMA) and China Telecom in China (who use Cellular 850MHz for CDMA). These bands are the same as the American Sprint model for the iPhone 5S and 5C.
For LTE FDD, the iPhones support a full mix of bands for every region. LTE bands 1 (IMT 2.1GHz), 3 (DCS 1.8GHz), 5 (Cellular 850MHz), 7 (IMT-E 2.6GHz FDD), 8 (Cellular 900MHz), 20 (EU 800MHz), and 28 (APT 700MHz) are supported to provide the full range of access to LTE FDD networks throughout Europe, Asia, and Brazil. LTE bands 2 (PCS A-F blocks 1.9GHz), 4 (AWS-1 1.7+2.1GHz), 5 (Cellular 850MHz), 7 (IMT-E 2.6GHz FDD), 13 (US Upper 700MHz C block), 17 (US Lower 700MHz B+C blocks), 25 (PCS A-G blocks 1.9GHz), 26 (ESMR+Cellular 850MHz), 28 (APT 700MHz), and 29 (US Lower 700MHz Supplemental Downlink) offer nearly full access to LTE FDD networks throughout the Americas. Japanese LTE bands 18 (ESMR+Cellular 850MHz subset) and 19 (Cellular 850MHz subset) are intended to enable KDDI and NTT DoCoMo’s low-band networks, while band 28 sits in the wings for future 700MHz LTE network rollouts by KDDI, DoCoMo, and SoftBank.
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public
LG Optimus: (http://www.gsmarena.com/lg_optimus_g_e975-4941.php)
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LTE subcarrier
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LTE Modulation
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One Resource Block max throughtput: 6*2*7*12 = 1.008mbps64QAM: 6 bits; One Slot time: 0.5 ms; One slot: 7 OFDM Symbols
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© 2015 Cisco Systems Inc.. All rights reserved.4G/LTE Overview Cisco Public
LTE Standard: 3GPP
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© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public
What is 5G?
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• Core network: EPC has been all IP, and should be not much big change infrastructure side. Maybe more applications as time moves on.
• Air Interface: higher speed.–Modulation:•64 QAM, 128 QAM, 256 QAM
–MIMO–More wide bandwidth
© 2015 Cisco Systems Inc.. All rights reserved.4G/LTE Overview Cisco Public
LTE Play in lab
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© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public 61
Quantum virtualized Packet Core (QvPC)
• QvPC family:– QvPC-SI: Single Instance (formally SSI)– QvPC-DI: Distributed Instance (formally SCALE)– QvPC-HI: Hybrid Instance (formally Hybrid)
• Environment:– CPU
• X86 hardware– Hypervisors (qualified)
• Vmware ESXi• Ubuntu KVM
– Hardware (qualified)• UCS B, C & E series• Pass-through support (17.0 FCS): VIC 1240 (B series) & 1225 (C series) + HP
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© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public 62
Virtualized Software Architecture: SWdecoupled from HW
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HardwarePlatforms
Cisco ASR 5000 Series Multimedia
Core Platforms
• Software functions work across multimedia core platforms.
• Cellular: MME, SGW, PGW, SGSN, GGSN, PDSN, HA, PCEF
• SmallCell: eWAG, ePDG, SaMOG, HNBGW, HeNBGW, ANDSF
• Inline Services: ECS, FW, NAT, Application Detection, ….
• Many functions run on a single platform (purpose build or virtualized)
ASR 5000 ASR 5500
Performance &Scalability
Natural extension to Virtualization
Virtualized Packet Core
StarOSSingle operating system
Field proven software & decoupled from hardware
Modular and virtualized OS
ASR5KPSC2
ASR5KPSC3
ASR5500DPC
ASR5500DPC2
VirtualizedQvPC-SIQvPC-DI
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public
LTE network end to end in lab
63
wifi
LTE
IR829(UE)
eNodeB
ethernet
UCS
QVPC: MME + SGW + PGW
ethernet
WEB Server
ethernet
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID Cisco Public 64
MME+SGW+PGW running with KVM in ubuntu 14.04