4.5 Cultural Resources...39 became more important. Trade in commodities such as shell beads,...

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY RELIABILITY PROJECT

4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES

MAY 2015 4.5‐1 FINAL EIR

4.5 Cultural Resources 12Thissectiondescribestheenvironmentalandregulatorysettinganddiscussesimpactsassociated3withtheconstructionandoperationoftheSantaBarbaraCountyReliabilityProject(proposed4project)withrespecttoculturalresources.Forthepurposeofanalysisinthissection,theterm,5“culturalresources”encompasseshistoricalresources;archeologicalresources(whichmaybe6historicorprehistoric,andareasubsetofhistoricalresources);NativeAmericanresources;and7paleontologicalresources.Theapplicant’sCulturalResourcesTechnicalReportandsupplemental8surveyinformationareincludedinAppendixI.910Belowaredefinitionsofkeyculturalandpaleontologicalresourcestermsusedinthissection:1112Historical Resources 13

Historicalresources,asdefinedbytheCaliforniaEnvironmentalQualityAct(CEQA),areresources14thatarelistedin,oraredeterminedtobeeligibleforlistingin,theCaliforniaRegisterofHistorical15Resources(CRHR)oralocalregister,orthatareotherwisedeterminedtobehistoricalpursuantto16theCEQAStatuteorGuidelines(PublicResourcesCode[PRC]Section21084.1orCaliforniaCodeof17Regulations[CCR]Section15064.5).Ahistoricalresourcemaybeanyobject,building,structure,18site,area,place,record,ormanuscriptwhichaleadagencydeterminestobehistoricallysignificant19orsignificantintermsofCalifornia’sarchitectural,engineering,scientific,economic,agricultural,20educational,social,political,military,orculturalrecords.Typically,historicalresourcesaremore21than50yearsold.2223Archaeological Resources 24

Asstatedabove,archaeologicalresourcesareasubsetofthehistoricalresourcescategory.25Archaeologicalsitesmaybeconsideredhistoricalresources.Ifnot,archaeologicalresourcesmaybe26determinedtobe“unique”asdefinedbytheCEQAStatute(Section21083.2).Aunique27archaeologicalresourceisanartifact,object,orsitethat:(1)containsinformation(forwhichthere28isademonstrablepublicinterest)neededtoanswerimportantscientificresearchquestions;(2)has29aspecialandparticularquality,suchasbeingtheoldestofitstypeorthebestavailableexampleof30itstype;or(3)isdirectlyassociatedwithascientificallyrecognizedimportantprehistoricor31historiceventorperson.Non‐uniquearchaeologicalresourcesarenottypicallyaddressedin32EnvironmentalImpactReports(EIRs).3334Native American Resources 35

NativeAmericanresourcesareculturalresourcessuchasarchaeologicalresources,rockart,and36theprominenttopographicalareas,features,habitats,plants,animals,ormineralsthat37contemporaryNativeAmericansvalueandconsideressentialforthepreservationoftheir38traditions.TraditionalcultureoftenprohibitsNativeAmericansfromsharingthelocationsofthese39culturalresourceswiththepublic.4041Paleontological Resources 42

ForthepurposeofthisEIR,“paleontologicalresources”referstothefossilizedplantandanimal43remainsofprehistoricspecies.Theyarevaluedfortheinformationtheyyieldaboutthehistoryof44theearthanditspastecologicalsettings.Paleontologicalresourcesrepresentalimited,non‐45renewable,impact‐sensitive,scientific,andeducationalresource.Fossilremainssuchasbones,46

teeth,shells,andleavesarefoundingeologicdeposits(i.e.,rockformations).Paleontological1resourcesgenerallyincludethegeologicformationsandlocalitiesinwhichthefossilsarecollected.234.5.1 Environmental Setting 454.5.1.1 Historic, Archaeological, and Native America Resources 67Prehistoric, Ethnohistoric, and Historic Background 8

Informationpresentedinthissectionwasgatheredfromareviewoftheculturalresources9technicalreportsthathavebeenpreparedfortheproposedproject(SwitalskiandBardsley2012a,102012b;Schmidt2013;Leftwichetal.2014);Proponent’sEnvironmentalAssessment(PEA)11documents(SCE2012);DepartmentofParksandRecreationsiteandisolateforms;Native12Americanconsultations;andaPaleontologicalResourcesAssessment(SDG&E2010c)(Conkling132012).1415Prehistoric 16

Prehistoricarchaeologycoverstheperiodoftimebeforewrittenrecord;intheSantaBarbara17CountyandVenturaCountyregions,thisisthetimebeforeEuropeanexplorationandcolonization.18Theprehistoricperiodisgenerallydividedintofourperiods:Paleoindian,Early,Middle,andLate.19ThePaleoindianperiodbeginswiththearrivalofhumansinthearea.TheSantaBarbaraarea,20particularlytheChannelIslands,figuresprominentlyincurrentresearchonthetimingandnature21ofhumanmovementintothearea,asevidencedbyEarlyassemblages,manywithstemmedpoints22andcrescentics(flakedcrescent‐shapedartifacts)datingperhapsasearlyas13,000yearsB.P.23(ErlandsonandBraje2011).MaterialsfoundonChannelIslandandearlymainlandsitesestablisha24firmmarineorientationfortheseearlypeople.SparseevidenceofvisitsbytheClovispeopletothe25coastisfoundintheformofafewdistinctiveflutedpoints.Clovisartifactswerelongthoughtby26archaeologiststobetheoldestmaterialinNorthAmerica,butitisnowknownthatthecoastal27adaptationspredateClovis.2829TheEarlyperiod,datingfromabout8,000beforepresent(BP)toabout3,350BP,represents30adaptationtothecoastduringthewarmeranddrierconditionsthatfollowedthePleistocene.31Millingstones,atypeoffoodprocessingequipment,arealargepartofthisadaptation,andthe32collectionofmarineshellfishwasimportantaswell.SomepithousesarefoundfromEarlyperiod33sites,andmortarsandpestlesforpulverizingseedsarefoundlateintheEarlyperiod(Neusiusand34Gross2013:206).3536DuringtheMiddleperiodanemphasisonhuntingofterrestrialmammalsandacontinueduseof37shellfishdeveloped.Fishing,whichisdocumentedintheearliestsitesintheChannelIslands,38becamemoreimportant.Tradeincommoditiessuchasshellbeads,steatite(soapstone),and39obsidianorvolcanicglass,becameimportant(NeusiusandGross2013:208).4041IntheLateperiodthereisevidenceofpopulationgrowth,developmentofsocialinequality,and42complexorganization.Althoughtherearesuggestionsthattheydatetoearliertimes,thereisgood43evidenceoftheuseofplankcanoesduringtheLateperiod.SubsistencealongthePacificCoast44includedaheavyemphasisonmarineresources,includingbothfishandmarinemammals(Neusius45andGross2013:208–211).ThecomplexitynotedamongtheethnographicChumashiswell46establishedintheLateperiod.4748

Ethnohistoric 1

TheEthnohistoricperiodisthetimeforwhichhistoricalaccountsfromexplorers,missionaries,2soldiers,andsettlersareavailablefortheNativeAmericanpopulations.Theproposedproject3wouldcrosslandsassociatedwithboththeVentureñoandBarbareñoChumashgroups.The4ChumashpeoplelivedintheSantaBarbaraandVenturaareaswhentheexplorersandmissionaries5firstcametoCalifornia.ThesegroupsdrawtheirnamesfromtheSpanishmissionsestablishedin6theirareas,SanBuenaventura(1782)andSantaBarbara(1786)(Grant1978a:Fig.1,Grant71978b:505).TheChumashwerecomplexhunter‐gathererswithevidenceofhereditaryleadership,8ownershipofresources,socialinequality(aclassstructure),andlargesemi‐sedentarytosedentary9villages.ThelargerChumashterritoryincludedthefournorthernChannelIslands,andtradewith10theislandsusingtheplankcanoewasimportant(NeusiusandGross2013:210–211).1112TheChumashwereafocusofSpanishmissionizationactivities,withmanyindividualsbecoming13assimilatedintothemissionculture.Asaresult,manyNativeAmericanswereoverlookedwhen14reservationswerebeingestablishedandarenotfederallyrecognized.TheSantaYnezReservation15inSantaBarbaraCountyishometothefederallyrecognizedSantaYnezBandofChumash,and16ChumashdescendantsareenrolledwiththefederallyrecognizedTejonIndianTribeofCalifornia.17ThereareanumberofChumashgroupsstillseekingfederalrecognition.Consultationwith18descendantsisdiscussedinSection4.5.1.4.1920Historic 21

Technically,theHistoricerabeginswiththeexplorationofCalifornia,startingin1542withJoão22RodriguesCabrilho(morecommonlyknownasJuanRodriguezCabrillo)(NeusiusandGross232013:218),althoughsustainedcontactdidnotoccuruntiltheestablishmentoftheSpanishMission24systemin1769.TheChumashwerebroughtintothemissionsystem,wheretheyweretaught25Christianityandbecamepartoftheeconomicsystemofthemissions.Theywereresponsiblefor26constructingthebuildingsofthemissions,raisingthecropsandtendingtheherds,and27participatingintrades.TheSpanishalsobuiltmilitaryfortsorpresidios,theclosestofwhichtothe28proposedprojectareaistheSantaBarbaraPresidio.2930In1821,MexicowonitsindependencefromSpain.Themissionscontinuedtofunctionforatime,31buteventuallytheirlandwasstrippedawayandthesystemceasedtofunction.UnderMexicanrule,32largetractsoflandweregrantedtoindividualsasranchos.Cattleraising,whichhadbegunin33missiontimes,becametheeconomicengineofthearea.Hidesandtallowwereexportedinlarge34quantities.3536FollowingtheMexican‐AmericanWar(1846–1848),CaliforniacameunderAmericanrule,37becomingastatein1850.Theareadevelopedasrural,agriculturalland.Oilextractionwasanother38importanteconomicactivity.ThetownsthatgrewuparoundMissionBuenaventuraandtheSanta39BarbaraMissionandPresidiocontinuedgrowandarenowtheregionalpopulationcenters.The40areatraversedbytheproposedprojectcontinuestoberural.4142Historic, Archaeological, and Native America Literature and Records Search 43

CulturalresourcesurveysfortheproposedprojectincludedrecordsearchesconductedattheSouth44CentralCoastalInformationCenter,locatedatCaliforniaStateUniversity,FullertononFebruary27,452012,andattheCentralCoastInformationCenter,locatedattheUniversityofCalifornia,Santa46BarbaraonMarch1,2012(SwitalskiandBardsley2012a,2012b).Thepurposeoftherecords47searchwastodeterminetheextentofpreviousinvestigationswithin0.5milesofthe48

subtransmissioncorridorandtodeterminewhetherpreviouslydocumentedprehistoricorhistoric1archaeologicalsites,isolatedfindings,architecturalresources,culturallandscapes,orethnic2resourcesexistwithintheprojectarea.Therevieweddocumentationincludedsurveyand3evaluationreports,archaeologicalsiterecords,historicmaps,theCaliforniaPointsofHistorical4Interest,theCaliforniaHistoricalLandmarks,theCRHR,theNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces5(NRHP),andtheCaliforniaStateHistoricResourcesInventorylistings.67Theresultsoftherecordssearchindicatedthat1330culturalresourcestudieshavebeen8previouslyconductedwithinportionsoftheprojectareaorwithin200feetoftheprojectarea9(Table4.5‐1),includingonestudyconductedfortheproposedprojectthatoccurreddirectlywithin10thealignmentofSegments3A,3B,and4(Schmidt2006).AnadditionalOver145additional5411studieshavebeenconductedwithin0.51milesoftheprojectarea.12 13Table 4.5‐1 Cultural Resources Studies Previously Conducted within 200 feet of the

Project Area

Segment Author Year Report Number 1 Lopez 1977 VN‐008461 Lopez 1979 VN‐019321 Clewlow 1978 VN‐001271 ChambersGroup 1982 VN‐004211 Wilcoxon 1984 VN‐004441 Brown 1987 VN‐005151 Fosteretal. 1989 VN‐007311 NCPA 1989 VN‐007731 Singer 1986 VN‐004941,2 Fleagle 1998 VN‐016752 Kingetal. 1989 VN‐011352 Dillon 1998 VN‐013342 Maki 2009 VN‐027852 Bonner 2010 VN‐029533A SantoroandToren 1992 SR‐12883A Schmidt 2005 ‐3A Wilcoxon 1976 SR‐08503A Kiaha 2006 SR‐036213A,3B Waldron 1986 SR‐11543A,4 Maki 2000 SR‐25733B,4 Wlodarski 2008 VN‐027914 Maki 2002 SR‐28484 Giambastiani 2003 SR‐29864 Schmidt 2006 ‐4 Corbett 2008 SR‐50084 Corbett 2008 SR‐50094 Delu 2010 VN‐027904 Williams 2010 VN‐02792‐‐ Ivie 1976 VN‐0007615FiveTenpreviouslydocumentedculturalresourcesarebelievedtobepresentwithinthesurvey16area.:CA‐VEN‐979,56‐100200,CA‐VEN‐1109H,CA‐SBA‐107,andCA‐SBA‐3814.Theseresources17aredescribedinSection4.5.1.3,Survey.Inaddition,33previouslydocumentedculturalresources18havebeenidentifiedwithin0.5milesoftheprojectarea.19

1Historic, Archaeological, and Native America Surveys 2

ThreeFourHistoric,Archaeological,andNativeAmericaResourcessurveyswereconductedforthe3proposedproject.Themethodsforthesesurveysaresummarizedbelow.45Methods 6

ThefirstHistoric,Archaeological,andNativeAmericaResourcessurveywasapedestriansurveyof7mostoftheprojectareaandwasconductedbetweenMarch12andApril5,2012(theMainSurvey).8Duetothemountainousterrain,densevegetation,andlimitedaccessthroughoutmuchofthe9projectarea,asurveyoftheentirealignmentwasnotpossible.Eachtowersurveyedwas10approachedbyfootfromthenearestpointofaccess,generallySCEaccessroads,ranchroads,or11privateaccessroads.Duetothevaryingdegreeofslope,terrain,accessconstraints,andvarietyof12existingroads(paved,dirt,gravel),surveycrewsemployeddifferentmethodsforsurveying13differentroadsegments,asdescribedinTable4.5‐3Table4.5‐2.141516Table 4.5‐2 Survey Methodology Used for Access Roads within the Project Area

Survey Category Description

Potential Impact Survey Methodology Length

I Existingpavedorgravelroads.Roadslocatedonsteep(>30°)slope,andexistingprivateroadways,suchasdrivewaysnearprivateresidences.

Noorverylittleimpact

Asdeterminedusingthesurveyors’professionaljudgment,spotcheckswereconductedatlocationsalongroutesandareasthatcouldpotentiallyyieldarchaeologicalresources,orareaswhereresourceswerepreviouslyidentified/recorded.Verylimitedsurveycoverage.

10.8miles(130acres)

II Ranch/orchardroadswithincitrus/avocadoorchardsorranches.Moderatelydisturbed.

Moderateimpactwithinanalreadydisturbedcontext

Asdeterminedusingthesurveyors’professionaljudgment,morefrequentspotchecks(20‐to25‐metertransects)alongroutesthatcouldyieldresourcesassociatedwithranching/farmingorpreviouslyidentified/recordedresources.Moderatesurveycoverage.

36.7miles(437acres)

III Roadsproposedforconstruction,roadsnearexistingwaterways,androadsthatappeartointersectareaswithnoorverylittlepreviousdisturbance.

Potentiallyhighimpacttoareaswithlittleornopreviousdisturbance

Complete100%pedestriansurveywith10‐to15‐metertransects.

23.9miles(285acres)

Eachaccessiblestructurelocation,60.6linearmilesofaccessroads,andapproximately9milesof1thesubtransmissioncorridorwereinventoriedforculturalresources.TheMainSurveyincludeda2100‐foot‐widebufferoneithersideofthecenterlineofthesubtransmissionlinecorridor;a100‐3footradiusaroundeachstructure;anda33‐footbufferoneithersideoftheproposedandexisting4accessroads.Surveycrewsconductedalimitedinventoryofanadditional10.8milesofaccess5roadsthatwereeitherpavedorlocatedonverysteepslopes(SurveyCategoryI).Twenty‐one6structurelocations,9.1milesofaccessroads,andapproximately24milesofthesubtransmission7corridorwerenotinventoriedduetoinaccessibleterrain,washedoutaccessroads,oraccess8restrictionsfromprivatelandowners.Threenewresourceswereidentifiedduringthissurveyand9arelistedinTable4.5‐4Table4.5‐3anddiscussedfurtherbelow.1011ThesecondsurveyincludedportionsoftheprojectarealocatedwithintheLosPadresNational12ForestthatcouldnotbesurveyeduntilapermitwasobtainedandwasconductedonJuly23,201213(SwitalskiandBardsley2012b).Itincludedthethreepolelocationswithintheforest,alongwitha14100‐footradiusaroundeachofthethreepoles,totheextentpossible,givenslopeandvegetation15considerations.Thespansbetweenpolesandmanyoftheproposedaccessroadswerejudgedby16thesurveyorstobetoosteeportoothicklyvegetatedtoaccess.Ofthe14.4acresoftheprojectarea17locatedinLosPadresNationalForest,2.7acresweresurveyed,andtheremaining11.7acreswere18not,duetoslopeandvegetationissues.Nonewresourceswereidentifiedduringthissurvey.1920ThethirdsurveywasconductedonMarch18and19,2013;however,theprojectdesignhassince21beenmodified,andtheareasurveyedhasbeeneliminatedfromtheprojectsite.Therefore,the22resultsonthissurveyeffortarenotdiscussedfurther.2324In2014,thefourthsurveywasconductedbyGarciaandAssociates(GANDA)andincluded50525acresoftheproposedprojectareabrokendowninto94discretesurveyareas.Newrecords26searcheswereconductedforthissurveyatCCICandSCCIC.Thesurveywasconductedusing15‐27metertransectswherepossible,butsteepslopesanddensevegetationhamperedtheuseofsuch28transectsformostofthesurveyarea.Duetoslopesandvegetation,fewerthanhalfofthe94survey29areascouldbecompletelysurveyed.Onenewsitewasrecordedduringthissurvey.3031DuringtheMainSurveyandthe2014survey,anattemptwasmadetofindeachofthefiveten32previouslydocumentedculturalresourcessitesthatwereidentifiedasbeingonornearthesurvey33area.Table4.5‐34.5‐4liststhenewresourcesandthoseoriginallyrecordedwithintheprojectarea34coveredbytheMainSurveyandthe2014survey.3536Table 4.5‐3 Cultural Resource Sites Recorded During Project Surveys at Tower Sites or on Access Roads

Segment Trinomial/ Temporary Primary Component Description Comments

1 CA‐VEN‐979 56‐000979 Prehistoric LithicDeposit Siteiscurrentlydestroyed

1 N/A 56‐100200 Prehistoric Pestle(Isolate) Isolatewasnotrelocated

1 CA‐VEN‐58 Prehistoric Largehabitationsitewithburials

AppearstobeeligiblefortheCRHR.Noprojectcomponentswouldbesitedwithinthearea;however,Segment1wouldspanwithinlessthan

Table 4.5‐3 Cultural Resource Sites Recorded During Project Surveys at Tower Sites or on Access Roads

Segment Trinomial/ Temporary Primary Component Description Comments

ahalfmileofthesite.1 CA‐VEN‐22 56‐000022 Prehistoric Scatteredshell

fragmentsProbablyfossilratherthancultural

1 CA‐VEN‐23 56‐000023 Prehistoric Scatteredshellfragments

Probablyfossilratherthancultural

1 CA‐VEN‐1003 56‐001003 Prehistoric Fivepiecesofdebitage Notrelocatedduringthesurvey

2 CA‐VEN‐1109H 56‐001109 Historic Railroad Resourcehasbeendestroyed

Between3Band4

CA‐SBA‐2 42‐000002 Prehistoric Largevillagesite Probablydestroyed

Northof2and3B

GANDA‐11 N/A Prehistoric Habitationwithtwoloci Conditionandintegrityundetermined—impactsfromearthmoving

4 SBCRP‐11 N/A Historic Culvert IneligibleforCRHR4 SBCRP‐21 N/A Historic RetainingWall IneligibleforCRHR4 SBCRP‐31 N/A Historic SantaClara‐Ojai‐Santa

Barbara66kVSubtransmissionLinestructures

RequiresformalevaluationforeligibilityIneligibleforCRHR

4 CA‐SBA‐107 42‐000107 Prehistoric RockShelters Determinedtobelocatedoutsideofprojectarea

4 CA‐SBA‐3814 42‐003814 Prehistoric LithicScatter Determinedtobelocatedoutsideofprojectarea

4 CA‐SBA‐3587 42‐003587 Prehistoric Habitation Siteconsistsofacoreareaandannorthernextensionwithlessculturalmaterial

Note:1NewlyRecordedResource166‐kV Subtransmission Lines 2

Segment 1 3

SurveycrewsinventoriedtheareaaroundeachtowerlocationinSegment1.Thetopographyalong4thealignmentwasdominatedbysteephillsidesintersectedbyravinesandgullies,andeach5structurewasgenerallysituatedinanareathatwasmechanicallydisturbedandleveledwith6vegetationclearedformaintenanceaccess.78TheadditionalaccessroadsurveyontheBonsallpropertyisalsopartofSegment1.910

CA‐VEN‐979.SiteCA‐VEN‐979wasoriginallydocumentedasasmalllithicscatter1withtwo1unidentifiedbonefragmentslocatedontopofaridgeapproximately66feet(20meters)froma2subtransmissionstructurelocation.Thecurrentsurveydidnotidentifyanyartifactsthatwere3reportedontheoriginalsiterecord,despitethefactthatthesurveycrewswereabletomatch4existingfeaturesinthevicinityofthemappedlocation(suchasfencelines,gates,andtransmission5towers)withfeaturesdepictedontheoriginalsitemap.Severaldirtroadswereobservedwithin6andadjacenttothesite,andtheoriginalrecordersnotedheavyimpactsbyroadmaintenance,cattle7trails,andbarbedwire(SchmidtandWishner1988).Giventhesite’slocationandthepresenceofat8leastfourdirtroadsinthearea,itappearsthatthesitemayhavebeenalteredduetograding9and/orranchingactivities.Astheresourceappearstobedestroyed,itisnoteligibleforlistinginthe10CRHR.1112P‐56‐100200.SiteP‐56‐100200wasoriginallyrecordedasanisolatedpestle.Theisolatewasnot13relocatedduringthesurvey,andnootherculturalmaterialwasidentifiedwithinthevicinityofits14plottedlocation.IsolatesarenotconsideredsignificantunderCEQAbecausetheircontextand15integrityarelimitedandbecausetheirresearchpotentialisexhaustedthroughdetailedrecording.16Therefore,isolates(includingP‐56‐100200)arenotconsideredfurtherinthisCEQAreviewandare17notincludedintheimpactanalysis.1819CA‐VEN‐58.Recordedfirstin1949,thissitewassubjectedtoprofessionalexcavationintheearly201960s(GreenwoodandBrowne1963).Theexcavationsdemonstratedthatthesiteyieldeda21diversityofmaterialsandcontainedatleastfourhumanburials.Althoughmuchofthesubsurface22soilatthesitehadbeendisturbedbyplowing,undisturbedsoilswerealsopresent.CA‐VEN‐58was23notformallyevaluatedforeligibilityfortheCRHR,butbasedonthediversityofmaterialrecovered24andthepresenceofhumanremains,italmostcertainlyiseligible.Itisoutsidethealignmentfor25Segment1andwouldnotbesubjectedtoimpactsfromtheproposedproject.2627SCE‐Bonsall#1.Thisnewlydiscoveredsiteisdescribedascontaining“constituentssimilartothose28foundatCA‐VEN‐58”(Schmidt2013:11).Subsurfacedepthofdepositswasnotdeterminedinthe29field,anditwasnotedthattherewasnosurfaceindicationofhumanburials.Thesiteislocated30outsidethealignmentofSegment1andwouldnotbesubjectedtoimpactsfromtheproposed31project.3233CA‐VEN‐22andCA‐VEN‐23.Recordedin1960asextensiveshellscatters,noothercultural34materialwasreportedontheoriginalsiteforms,anditwasnotedthattheshellmightbefossilized35ratherthancultural.Surveyoftheareawherethesewererecordedforthecurrentprojectfailedto36findanymaterialotherthanshell,anditwasnotedthattheshellwasconsistentwithfossilshell.It37wasconcludedthatthesetwositesarenotactuallyarchaeologicalsitesbutarepaleontological.3839CA‐VEN‐1003.Originallyrecordedasanartifactscatterconsistingoffivepiecesofdebitage,CA‐40VEN‐1003wasnotfoundduringthesurveysforthisproject.4142Segment 2 43

FourtowerlocationswereinventoriedbetweenSantaAnaRoadandCasitasVistaRoad,andtwo44additionaltowerlocationswereexaminedjustwestofCasitasVistaRoad.Threetowerlocations45werealsoapproachedfromthewesternendofSegment2.Eachtowerexaminedislocatedina46

1 Lithicscatterreferstoasurfacescatterofculturalartifactsanddebristhatconsistsentirelyofstoneitems,stonetools,andchippedstonedebris.

mechanicallyalteredterrain,withleveledridgetopsandvegetationclearedtofacilitateeasyaccess.1Overall,ninetowerlocationssituateddirectlysouthofLakeCasitaswerenotinventorieddueto2difficultterrainanddensevegetation.Nonewculturalresourceswereidentifiedwithinthe3surveyedportionofSegment2.Onepreviouslyrecordedhistoricresource(CA‐VEN‐1109H)was4identifiedwestoftheCasitasSubstation.Anewsite,designatedGANDA‐1,wasfoundinand5adjacenttoasurveyedareatothenorthofSegment2andSegment3B.67CA‐VEN‐1109H.SiteCA‐VEN‐1109HisahistoricrailroadspurinitiallyconstructedbytheVentura8RiverandOjaiValleyRailroadin1898andacquiredbySouthernPacificin1899.Thisrailroadspur9waspreviouslydocumentedapproximately200feet(60meters)westoftheCasitasSubstation,on10theeasternbankoftheVenturaRiver.However,therecentsurveyrevealedthattheresourceisno11longerinexistenceandthatanarrowbikepath(VenturaRiver/OjaiValleyTrail)hasbeen12constructedwithinitsalignment.Noevidenceofrailroadties,rails,oranyotherfeaturesassociated13withCA‐VEN‐1109Hwasobservedwithintheprojectarea.1415GANDA‐1.Thisnewlyrecordedsiteisanartifactscatterwithtwoloci.Thewesternlocusconsists16ofmarineshellscatterwithgroundstonefragments,sixquartzflakes,andtools.Theeasternlocus17hasquartzflakes,quartztools,andgroundstonefragments,alongwithfire‐affectedrockanda18hearth.Shellislackingontheeasternlocus.Brushclearingusingearthmovingequipmenthas19disturbedthedepositsatthesite.2021Segment 3A 22

Segment3Awascharacterizedbymostlycommerciallanduse,withcitrusorchardsandfarms23locatedalongHighway192.Thissegmentwasheavilydisturbedfrompreviousconstruction,as24approximately90percentofSegment3AislocatedadjacenttoHighway192.Approximately0.725milesofSegment3A,locatedbetweenShepardMesaRoadandCasitasPassRoad(StateRoute150,26alongtheborderofVenturaandSantaBarbaraCounties),traversesprivateparcelsimpactedby27residentialconstructionandprivateorchards.Noculturalresourceswereidentifiedduringthe28surveyofSegment3A.2930Segment3AislocatedcompletelywithinQuaternaryalluvium(Conklling2012:24).Quaternary31alluviumisalluvialsedimentdepositedduringthePleistoceneandHolocene.Humanshavebeen32presentinCaliforniasincetheterminalPleistocene,andHolocenealluviumwasalldepositedduring33thetimethathumanshavebeeninthearea.Quaternaryalluvium,then,hasthepotentialtocontain34buriedarchaeologicalremains.Buriedsitescanbeparticularlyimportantinadvancingknowledge35ofthepast.3637Segment 3B 38

IntheeasternendofSegment3B,theterrainconsistsofarelativelyflatareawithrollinghillsand39gentlyslopingridgelines,currentlyusedforcattlegrazinganddominatedbyopenpastureswith40oakgroveslocatedalongseveralintermittentdrainages.InthewesternendofSegment3B,41surveyorsencounteredsteephillswithslopesbetween40and45degreesandcitrusandavocado42orchards,withnarrowaccessroadsrunningbetweenrowsofavocadoandlemontrees.Overall,164328towerlocationswereinventoriedalongSegment3B.Theremaining12towersandassociated44accessroadshavenotyetbeeninventoried.Noculturalresourceswereidentifiedwithinthe45surveyedportionofSegment3B,butonepreviouslyrecordedsite,CA‐SBA‐2wasmappedina46surveyedareabetweenSegment3BandSegment4.4748

CA‐SBA‐2.CA‐SBA‐2wasalargevillagesite,butbythetimethesitewasrecordedinthe1920s,the1sitehadbeenalmosttotallydestroyedbyconstructionofaresort.Bythe1960snotraceofthesite2remained.SurveyintheareawhereCA‐SBA‐2wasrecordedconfirmedthatnoarchaeological3materialsweretobefound.45ThesixwesternmosttubularsteelpolelocationsinSegment3BaresitedinQuaternaryalluvium6(Conklling2012:24).Asdiscussedabove,Quaternaryalluviumhasthepotentialtocontainburied7archaeologicalmaterials.ThereisasmallareaofMontereyformationthatoutcropsnearthecenter8ofSegment3B(Conklling2012:25).SomestrataoftheMontereyformationyieldchertsthatwere9soughtafterastoolstonebytheprehistoricpeoplesofthearea,soquarriesmaybeexpectedin10someareasontheMontereyformation.1112Segment 4 13

SurveycrewsencounteredawidevarietyofterrainandlandusesthroughoutSegment4,including14residential,commercial,privateequestrianfacilities,orchards,deepvalleys,ridgetops,anddensely15overgrownridgesandhills.Overall,62of65structureswereinventoriedduringthesurvey.Survey16crewsattemptedtolocatetwopreviouslyrecordedarchaeologicalresourcesandidentifiedthree17newhistoricresourceswithinSegment4.Anadditionalpreviously‐recordedsite,CA‐SBA‐3587,18waslocatedinasurveyareanearSegment4.1920TheportionoftheprojectareathatpassesthroughtheLosPadresNationalForestisinSection4.21AllthreestructurelocationsexaminedduringthesurveyoftheNationalForestlandandallofthe22portionsofaccessroadsurveyedontheforestwerefoundtocontainnoculturalresources.2324CA‐SBA‐107.SiteCA‐SBA‐107wasoriginallyrecordedasseveralsmallrockshelterslocatednear25thetopofanalmostverticalstonecliff.Thesitewasdocumentedin1927byD.B.Rogers,whonoted26smokeblackeningonthewallsofalltheshelters(Rogers1927).Additionally,anasphalt‐lined27basketwasreportedlyrecoveredfromoneoftherockshelters.MapsonfileattheCentralCoast28InformationCenterindicatethatthesiteislocatedalonganexistingSegment4accessroad;29however,thecurrentsurveyfailedtoidentifyanylargeoutcropswithin0.25milesofitsplotted30location.Therefore,thesiteisbelievedtobeplottedincorrectly,andinactualityitislocatedoutside31oftheprojectarea.3233CA‐SBA‐3814.SiteCA‐SBA‐3814wasdocumentedasasmalllithicscatterwithfire‐affectedrock.34Noculturalmaterialwasobservedduringthecurrentsurvey.Basedoncomponentsinthesite35description(i.e.,agateandafence),thesiteappearstobeplottedincorrectly,andinactualityitis36locatedoutsideoftheprojectareaatleast0.5milesaway.3738SBCRP‐1.SiteSBCRP‐1isahistoricperiodculvertwhichappearstohavebeenconstructedmore39than50yearsago.Theculvertiscomposedofa4‐foot‐widecorrugatedpipewitha6‐foot‐high40retainingwalllocatedoneachsideofanorth‐southtrendingaccessroad.Thefeaturemeasures41approximately8feet(2.4meters)wide,witharockwalloneachsideofthepipe.Theculvert42appearstobeconstructedofnumerous“sandbags”joinedtogetherwithpouredcementor43concrete,formingaslightlycurvedretainingwalloneachsideoftheroad.Noartifactsorother44featureswereidentifiedinthevicinityofSBCRP‐1.SiteSBCRP‐1islocatedinSantaBarbaraCounty45alonganexistingaccessroadofSegment4.Theresourceappearstobepartofaroadimprovement46project,whichmayhavebeenusedtoaccessthesubtransmissionstructuresthatarepartofSBCRP‐473locatedinSegment4.4849

SBCRP‐2.SiteSBCRP‐2isaretainingwallthatappearstohavebeenconstructedmorethan501yearsago.ItislocatedinSantaBarbaraCounty,northwestofthenorth‐southtrendingaccessroad2andapproximately0.25milesnorth/northeastofSBCRP‐1.Thewallisconstructedofshaped3limestonerocksandmeasuresapproximately6feethighby10feetlong(1.8metershighby3.04meterslong).Severallarge(4‐foot,1.2‐meter)corrugatedpipesarelocatedontheeastsideofthe5road,approximately100feet(30meters)fromthewall.SimilartoSBCRP‐1,SBCRP‐2appearstobe6partoftheroadimprovementusedtoaccessthesubtransmissionstructuresthatarepartofSBCRP‐73locatedinSegment4.89SBCRP‐3.SiteSBCRP‐3consistsofthesubtransmissionstructuresthatcurrentlycarryaportionof10theSantaClara‐Ojai‐SantaBarbara66‐kilovolt(kV)SubtransmissionLine.Thishistoric11subtransmissionlineislocatedwithina4.1‐mileportionofSegment4inSantaBarbaraCounty.The12documentedportionofthesubtransmissionlineiscomposedof26latticesteeltowers,each13measuringapproximately30feet(9.1meters)high,withabasemeasuring3by3feet(0.9by0.914meters).Thelineappearstohavebeenconstructedinthe1930sandisvisibleontheVentura,15California(1941)30‐minuteseriestopographicquadrangle.Theuniformcompositionofthetowers16suggeststhatrelativelyfewimprovementshavetakenplacealongthedocumentedportionofthe17line;however,itisunknownwhetherthesearetheoriginaltowersconstructedinthe1930sortheir18subsequentreplacements.Ahistoricresourcesevaluationwasconductedfortheentire19transmissionlinethatincludesSBCRP‐3(Becker2012).Thetransmissionlineandtheassociated20towers,includingSBCRP‐3,werefoundtobeineligiblefortheCRHR.2122CA‐SBA‐3587.Thissitewasrecordedasasmallhabitationsite(MakiandCarbone2000).Flakes,23cores,tools,groundstone,fire‐affectedrock,marineshell,andmiddensoilwereallobservedatthe24site.Subsurfacetestingandextensivesurfacecollectionsweremadeatthesiteandreportedby25Giambastianiin2003.Thisinvestigationdefinedacentralcoretothesitewhichyieldedfinished26lithictools,groundstone,hearths,beads,andfaunalmaterial.Someofthelithicmaterialappearsto27havecomefrombeyondtheimmediatevicinityofthesite.Humanremainswerealsoreportedfrom28thecoreareaofthesite.Inadditiontothecorearea,anareastretchingtothenorthwasdefined29thatcontainedartifactsbutwithoutmiddensoils.In2008,someadditionaltestingwascompleted30byarchaeologistsfromtheSantaBarbaraMuseumofNaturalHistory.Radiocarbondating31completedbythemuseumindicatesthemainoccupationwasaround5000B.P.butthattherewere32anumberofsmalleroccupationslaterintime(Corbett2008a,2008b).3334TheeightstructurelocationsclosesttotheCarpinteriaSubstationarelocatedinareasof35Quaternaryalluvium.Asnotedabove,thisformationhasthepotentialtocontainburied36archaeologicalmaterial.3738Getty Tap 39

ThisshortsegmentwouldconnectSegment1withtheexistingSantaClara‐Gettytransmissionline.40Theterrainconsistedofsteephillsdissectedbyravinesandintermittentdrainages.Thethreepoles41thatwouldbereplacedalongtheproposedGettyTapweresurveyed,andallwerelocatedin42disturbedareasadjacenttoexistingpoles.Noculturalresourceswereencountered.4344Substations 45

Theproposedprojectinvolvesworkatfivesubstationsofhistoricage:Casitas(1924–1929),Santa46Barbara(1925),Carpinteria(1950),SantaClara(1958/1973),andGoleta(1963).Thesesubstations47havealsobeenevaluatedforeligibilityfortheCRHR(Becker2012).48

1CarpinteriaSubstation.TheCarpinteriaSubstationwasbuiltin1950inaModernisticstyle.The2substationcomplexincludesasinglecontrolhousebuildingthatissmallinscaleandrectilinearin3plan,withaflatroofandnowindows.Italsoincludesamultipleequipmentareacontaining4transformersandswitchracks.Thesubstationcomplexisoneofhundredsconstructedorputin5servicebySCEinthepost‐WorldWarIIperiod,anditisnoteligibleforinclusionontheCRHRorthe6NRHP(Becker2012:34–35).78CasitasSubstation.Originallyconstructedbetween1924and1929atCasitasSpringstoprovide9servicetotheunincorporatedcommunitiesofVentura,California,theCasitasSubstationwas10initiallyputinserviceinapproximately1924with15‐kVand60‐kVtransformerracks.Thecomplex11wasexpandedthrough1929toincludeaCraftsmanstylecottageandgarage(1924)forthe12propertycaretaker(s),andthroughtheadditionofaClassicalRevivalstylesubstationbuilding13(1929).TheCasitasSubstationBuildingappearstobeeligibleforlistingontheCRHRunderCRHR14Criterion1(events)andCriterion3(architecture)(Becker2012:26–29).Theexistingtransformer15racksandswitchracksatthepropertydonotappeartocontributetotheeligibilityoftheCasitas16SubstationBuilding.1718GoletaSubstation.TheGoletaSubstationwasbuiltin1963inaModernisticstyleandportions19weremodifiedin1964,1966,and1967.Thesubstationcomplexincludesacontrolhouse/switching20station/office,ashop/garagestructure,andalargebankoftransformersandassociatedelectrical21equipment.ThesubstationcomplexisoneofhundredsconstructedorputinservicebySCEinthe22post‐WorldWarIIperiod,anditisnoteligibleforinclusionontheCRHRortheNRHP(Becker232012:38–39).2425SantaBarbaraSubstation.Originallyconstructedin1925,theSCESantaBarbaraSubstationwas26designedandconstructedasasubstationcomplexfeaturingaClassicalRevivalstylesubstation27buildingthatmayhavealsofeaturedacaretaker’scottage.Today,thepropertyincludesthe192528substationbuilding,acirca1920sgaragebuiltintheCraftsmanstyle,andautilitarianshop/garage/29controlroomstructurethatappearstodatetothe1960sor1970s.TheSantaBarbaraSubstation30BuildingappearstobeindividuallyeligibleforlistingtotheCRHRunderCriterion3(architecture).31Theexistingautogarage,andshop/garage/controlroom,aswellastransformerracksand32switchracksattheproperty,donotappeartocontributetotheindividualeligibilityoftheSanta33BarbaraSubstationBuilding(Becker2012:29–34).3435SantaClaraSubstation.TheSantaClaraSubstationwasbuiltin1958inaModernisticstyleand36wasmodifiedin1973.Thesubstationcomplexincludesacontrolhouse/switchingstation,a37shop/crewoffice,afireequipmentstoragestructure,andseveralbanksoftransformersand38associatedelectricalequipment.Thesubstationcomplexisoneofhundredsconstructedorputin39servicebySCEinthepost‐WorldWarIIperiod,anditisnoteligibleforinclusionontheCRHRorthe40NRHP(Becker2012:36–38).4142Telecommunications 43

Telecommunicationslinesaretobestrungonthe66‐kVtransmissionstructures,andonlythe44portionsofthelinesenteringtheSantaClara,Casitas,andCarpinteriasubstationswouldbe45underground.Noculturalresourceswerefoundadjacenttothesesubstationsduringthesurveyof46thesegments,andthestringingoflineonexistingsubtransmissionstructureswouldnotimpactany47culturalresources.4849

De‐energizing Structures 1

Portionsoftheexistinglinesinallofthesegmentswillbede‐energizedandleftinplace.Thisaction2shouldnotresultinanygrounddisturbanceand,therefore,shouldhavenoimpactsoncultural3resources.454.5.1.2 Native American Consultation 67Inearly2012,SCErequestedthattheNativeAmericanHeritageCommission(NAHC)conducta8searchoftheSacredLandsFiletoidentifyculturalresourcesorareasofconcerntoNative9Americanswithinthevicinityoftheprojectarea.TheNAHC’ssearchdidnotindicatethepresence10ofanyknownculturalresources,anditprovidedalistof21NativeAmericanindividualsand11organizationsthatmayhaveknowledgeofculturalresourcesintheprojectarea.SCEsentlettersto12allrecommendedcontactsonFebruary27,2012.Twoindividuals,Mr.FreddyRomerooftheSanta13YnezBandofMissionIndians,andMs.BeverlySalazar‐Folkes(Chumash,Tataviam,Fernandeño)14respondedasofFebruary27,2012.Mr.Romerorequestedacopyoftheculturalresourcestechnical15reportspreparedfortheproposedprojectpriortothecirculationoftheproject’sCaliforniaPublic16UtilitiesCommission’s(CPUC’s)CEQAdocument.Ms.Salazar‐Folkesrequestedthatamonitorbe17presentduringground‐disturbingactivities.SCEattemptedfollow‐upphonecallstotheremaining18individualsbetweenApril11andApril16,2012.Asaresultofthisattempt,SuzyRuiz‐Parra19(Chumash)requestedthatanarchaeologicalmonitorbepresentifearth‐disturbingactivities20occurredneararchaeologicalsites,andbothRandyGuzman‐Folkes(Chumash,Tataviam,21Fernandeño,ShoshonePaiute,Yaqui)andMelissaParra‐Hernandez(Chumash)requestedthatthe22projectinformationberesenttothem.Thisinformationwasresentinearly2012(SCE2012).2324InJanuary2013,Mr.RomerocontactedSCEtorequestanothercopyoftheculturalresources25report.CopiesofallreportspertinenttotheprojectweresentonbehalfoftheCPUCfromEcology26andEnvironment,Inc.’sarchaeologistinFebruaryof2013.Uponreviewingthereports,Mr.Romero27statedthathehadnoconcernsrelatingtotheprojectatthattime,butprovidedinformationona28numberofpeopleinVenturaCountywhomayhaveadditionalcommentspertainingtothatportion29oftheproject.Mr.Romeroprovidedcontactinformationfortheseindividuals,andEcologyand30Environment,Inc.’sarchaeologistcontactedthembyemailandphoneonbehalfoftheCPUC.31ResponseswerereceivedfromMr.PatTumamait(Chumash),Ms.JulieTumamait(Chumash),and32Mr.AlanSalazar(Chumash).Ms.TumamaitstatedthatshewillreviewtheCPUCdocumentwhenit33ispublished,andsheidentifiedasensitiveareawithintheprojectarea.3435OnMay6,2013,theCPUCmetwithtwomembersoftheChumashcommunitywhorequestedto36meetregardingtheproject.Mr.PatTumamaitandMr.MichaelCorderodiscussedhowtheproject37siterelatestoChumashlegendandtheareasofsensitivityalongtheprojectcorridor.38394.5.1.3 Paleontological Resources 4041Paleontology Record Search 42

AlocalitysearchwasconductedthroughtheonlinedatabaseoftheUniversityofCaliforniaMuseum43ofPaleontology,locatedonthecampusoftheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Thislocalitysearch44includedareviewoftheareageologyandanyknownpaleontologicalresourcesrecoveredfromthe45surroundingarea,aswellasthegeologicunitsthatwilllikelybeencounteredduringexcavation46activitiesassociatedwiththeproposedproject.4748

Accordingtothelocalityandarchivalresearchallofthemappedformationshaveproducedfossils1andhavealowtohighpaleontologicalsensitivity(Table4.5‐4Table4.5‐2).23Table 4.5‐4 Geologic Units and Paleontological Sensitivity within the Project Area

Segment Geologic Unit Age Typical Fossil Types

Paleontological Resource Potential

3A,3B,4 QuaternaryAlluvium Quaternary Vertebrates;Invertebrates

LowtoHigh(IncreaseswithDepth)

1 LasPosasFormation Pleistocene MarineInvertebrates,RareVertebrates

1 SantaBarbaraFormation Pliocene MarineInvertebrates High1 PicoFormation Pliocene MarineInvertebrates High1 SisquocFormation Pliocene MarineInvertebrates High1 MontereyFormation Pliocene MarineInvertebrates High1,2,3B,4 MontereyFormation Miocene TerrestrialVertebrates High1,2,3B,4 RinconFormation Miocene TerrestrialVertebrates High2,3B,4 VaquerosFormation Eocene‐

OligoceneTerrestrialVertebrates High

2,3B,4 SespeFormation Eocene‐Oligocene

TerrestrialVertebrates High

4 ColdwaterSandstone Eocene MarineInvertebrates,RareVertebrates

4GeologicmappingindicatesthattheprojectareacontainsexposuresoftheColdwatersandstone,5Sespeformation,Rinconformation,Montereyformation,Sisquocformation,Picoformation,Santa6Barbaraformation,LasPosasformation,Quaternaryalluvium,andQuaternarylandslidesfromthe7Holocene(Conkling2012).89QuaternaryAlluvium.HoloceneandUpperPleistocenealluviumandcolluviumarepresentwithin10theCoastalPlainareasofCarpinteria.Thesepoorlyconsolidatedsilt,sand,andgraveldepositswere11depositedalongmoderndrainagesandpiedmontalluvialfansandfloodplains.Becausethisunit12spansboththeHoloceneandPleistoceneEpochs,thepaleontologicalsensitivityoftheunit13increasesfromlowtohighwithincreasesindepth.WhereQuaternaryalluviumwasdeposited14duringtheHolocene(from10,000yearsagotothepresent),thereisnosensitivityforfossils15becausefossils,bydefinition,aremorethan10,000yearsold.Bycontrast,fossilsfromPleistocene16alluvialsedimentsarewellrepresentedthroughouttheTransverseRanges.1718LasPosasFormation.TheLasPosasFormationisPleistoceneinage(approximately250,000years19old).Itiscomposedofweaklyconsolidatedsandstoneswithsomegravellysandunits,andishighly20susceptibletolandslides.Thisformationcontainsshallowwaterinvertebratefauna,andaraytooth21hasbeenfoundinthesesediments(Conkling2012:24).Thepaleontologicalsensitivityoftheunitis22high.2324SantaBarbaraFormation.TheSantaBarbaraFormationisanEarlytoMiddlePleistocene(2.525millionto750,000yearsold)marineformationprimarilycomposedofpoorlyconsolidated26claystoneandshalewithsomeareasofsandstone.Thisformationcontainsdiversemarine27invertebrateassemblages,althoughnoneofthesehavebeenfoundinthevicinityoftheprojectarea.28Thenearestrecordedlocalityisapproximately4mileswest‐southwestoftheprojectarea.The29paleontologicalsensitivityoftheunitishigh.30

1PicoFormation.ThePliocenetoPleistocene(approximately3.5to1.0millionyearsold)Pico2Formationwasdepositedinamarineenvironment,andiscomposedofbothcoarse‐grainedsand3andconglomerateunits,withmoresiltandclaydominatedunitsinsomeareas.Thisformation4containssporadicfossildepositsconsistingprimarilyofinvertebratessuchasgastropods,bivalves,5arthropods,andforaminifera.Thepaleontologicalsensitivityoftheunitishigh.67SisquocFormation.TheSisquocFormationisofUpperMioceneandLowerPlioceneage8(approximately6to4millionyearsold).Theformationconsistsofclaystone,mudstone,siltstone,9shale,diatomite,andconglomerates,withconsiderableregionalvariation,andwasdepositedina10moderatelydeepmarineenvironment.Fossilshavebeenfoundinthisformation,primarilyinthe11areaofLompocapproximately50milestothenorthwestoftheProject.Inadditiontotheabundant12diatomsthatmakeupthediatomite,fossilsofvertebratessuchassealionsandwalruses,bonyand13cartilaginousfishes,andbirdshavebeenfoundintheSisquocFormation.Allknownfossillocalities14havebeeninareasalongthecoastwheretheSisquocFormationisexposedduetoerosion.The15paleontologicalsensitivityoftheunitishigh.1617MontereyFormation.TheMontereyFormationisanextensiveMiocene(16to6millionyearsold)18oil‐richsedimentarydeposit.Fossilsofmarinevertebrates(whales,seals,sealions,dolphins,19porpoises),fish,andbirdsarerelativelycommonfromtheformation;however,nolocalitieshave20beenidentifiedwithin10milesoftheprojectarea.Thepaleontologicalsensitivityoftheunitishigh.2122RinconFormation.TheRinconFormationisLowerMioceneinage(24to17.5millionyearsold)23andisexposedalongthecoastalportionsofsouthernSantaBarbaraCountyeastwardintoVentura24County.Consistingofmassivetopoorlybeddedshale,mudstone,andsiltstone,itweathersreadily25toaroundedhillytopographywithclayey,loamysoils.Thepaleontologicalsensitivityoftheunitis26high.2728ShalesoftheRinconFormationweredepositedonthedeepseafloorduringthetimeatwhichthe29Mioceneseareacheditsgreatestdepth.MicrofossilsarecommonintheRinconFormation,andhave30beenhelpfulindatingtheunit.Thefaunalassemblageindicatesthattheseawastropicalto31subtropicalatthistime.Formaniferalremainsinparticularareabundant.Bothvertebrateand32invertebratefossilshavebeenrecovered.Thesecollectinglocalitiesareapproximately5milessouth33ofSegment3B.Thepaleontologicalsensitivityoftheunitishigh.3435VaquerosFormation.TheVaquerosFormationwasinitiallydepositedduringtheUpperOligocene36(28to24millionyearsold).Sedimentscharacteristicofthisformationincludestructurelessvery37finetomediumgrainedsandstonewithsomelargecross‐beddingandparallellaminationinsome38areas.Fossilspresentintheformationincludeinvertebratesandterrestrialvertebratespecimens.39Thepaleontologicalsensitivityoftheunitishigh.4041SespeFormation.TheSespeFormationisanOligoceneandUpperEocene(40to24millionyears42old),nonmarine,fluvial,maroon,reddish‐brown,andgreenish‐topinkish‐graysandstone,43mudstone,andconglomerate.IntheProjectArea,theformationisdividedintothreeinformal44subunits:uppersandstoneandmudstoneunit,middleconglomerateandsandstoneunit,andthe45lowerconglomerateandsandstoneunit.Theseunitsaredistinguishedfromeachothermainlyby46differencesinlithology,provenance,andage.4748

NumerousvertebratefossilshavebeenfoundintheSespeFormation,withtheprincipallocationsof1thefindsnorthofSimiValleyinVenturaCounty.Afewofthemanyspeciesassociatedwiththe2SespeFormationincludeAmynodontopsis(anEocenerhinoceros),Simimys,arodent,andthe3oreodontSespia.ThenearestknownlocalitywithintheSespeFormationisapproximately8miles4fromtheprojectarea.Thepaleontologicalsensitivityoftheunitishigh.56ColdwaterSandstoneFormation.TheColdwaterSandstoneFormationisanUpperandMiddle7Eocenesandstoneofshallowmarineorigin(42.5to39.5millionyearsold).Sandstonebedsare8resistantandformhogbackswheresteeplydipping.Theupperpartoftheunitislocally9conglomeratic,richinfossiloystershells,andrecentlyproducedalimitedmarinevertebratefauna.10Fossilsofnumerousmollusks,includingmanyspeciesofthegenusTurritella,canbefoundinthe11ColdwaterSandstoneFormation,particularlynearthetopoftheformationwherethewaterattime12ofdepositionwasshallowest.OutcropsalongOldSanMarcosPassRoadnearthecontactwiththe13SespeFormationarerichlocationsforfindingremnantsofthesegastropods.Theremnantsof14oysterbedscanbefoundelsewherenearthetopcontactwiththeSespeFormation.The15paleontologicalsensitivityoftheunitishigh.1617Paleontology Field Survey 18

Afieldsurveyforpaleontologicalresourceswasconductedandincludedviewingproposednewspur19roadlocationsandexaminingproposedsubtransmissionstructurelocations.Throughoutthe20survey,exposuresofnativerockwereexaminedtoverifythelocalgeologyandlookforfossil21resources.Althoughnofossilswereidentifiedwithintheprojectareaduringthepaleontological22fieldsurvey,sedimentsconsistentwiththedescriptionsoftheformationswereobservedinareas23correspondinglymappedwithinthoseunits.242566‐kV Subtransmission Lines 26

Segment 1 27

Segment1crossesareasofLosPosas,SantaBarbara,Pico,Sisquoc,Rincon,andSespeformations.28Althoughnofossilswereobservedduringthefieldsurvey,alltheseformationshaveahighpotential29toyieldpaleontologicalresources.3031Segment 2 32

Segment2traversesareasofRinconandSespeformations.Bothoftheseformationshaveahigh33potentialtoyieldpaleontologicalresources.3435Segment 3A 36

Segment3Acrossesonlyoneformation,QuaternaryAlluvium.Thisformationrangesfrom2.5837millionto10,000yearsold,althoughHoloceneAlluviumdatingtoafter10,000yearsagoisalso38presentinthisunit.Becauseofthis,thepotentialforyieldingpaleontologicalresourcesisratedlow39tohigh.Theyoungerportionshavenosensitivity,buttheportionsthatareover10,000yearsold40areconsideredtohaveamoderatetohighpotentialtoyieldpaleontologicalresources.4142Segment 3B 43

QuaternaryAlluvium,aswellMonterey,Rincon,andSespeformationsunderlieSegment3B.As44discussedabove,theyoungerportionsoftheQuaternaryAlluviumarenotsensitivefor45

paleontologicalresources,buttheolder(after10,000yearsago)portionsarehighlysensitive.The1Monterey,Rincon,andSespeformationsarealsohighlysensitive.23Segment 4 4

Segment4crossesasmallareaofQuaternaryAlluviumatitswesternend,runsoverSespe5formationformostofitslength,butcrossesanareaofColdwaterSandstone,andendswitha6sectionofRinconformation.Asdiscussedabove,theolderportionsoftheQuaternaryAlluvium7haveahighsensitivityforpaleontologicalresources,whereasthemorerecent(youngerthan810,000years)portionshavenosensitivity.Theotherformationscrossedbythissegmenthavehigh9sensitivityforpaleontologicalresources.1011Segment 5 12

Atthecompletionoftheprojecttheapplicantproposestoremoveanadditional12LSTandtwo13woodH‐framestructureslocatedbetweenSegments3Band4.Thisworkwouldoccurinareasof14QuaternaryAlluvium,Rinconformation,Montereyformation,andSespeformation.Quaternary15Alluviumthatisover10,000yearsoldhasahighsensitivityorpaleontologicalresources,but16youngerQuaternaryAlluviumisnotsensitive.Theotherformationsonwhichstructureswillbe17removedhavehighsensitivityforpaleontologicalresources1819Getty Tap 20

TheGettyTapcrossesSantaBarbaraformation.Thisformationhasahighsensitivityfor21paleontologicalresources.2223Substations 24

Theproposedprojectinvolvesworkatfivesubstationsofhistoricage:Subsurfaceworkisproposed25attheSantaClara,Casitas,andCarpinteriaSubstations.TheworkattheGoletaandSantaBarbara26Substationswillnotentailground‐disturbingactivitiesandarenotconsideredinthediscussion27below.2829SantaClaraSubstation.TheSantaClaraSubstationislocatedontheLasPosasformation.This30formationhashighsensitivityforcontainingpaleontologicalresources.3132CasitasSubstation.TheRinconformationunderliestheCasitasSubstation.TheRinconformation33isratedashavingahighsensitivityforpaleontologicalresources.3435CarpinteriaSubstation.TheCarpinteriaSubstationislocatedinanareaofQuaternaryAlluvium.36Theolderportionsofthisalluvium,thoseolderthan10,000years,haveahighsensitivityfor37paleontologicalresources.3839Telecommunications 40

Telecommunicationslinesaretobestrungonthe66‐kVtransmissionstructures,andonlythe41portionsofthelinesenteringtheSantaClara,Casitas,andCarpinteriaSubstationswithinthe42substationperimeterwouldbeunderground.ThesesubstationsarelocatedinareasofLasPosas43formation,Rinconformation,andQuaternaryAlluvium.TheLasPosasandRinconformations,as44wellasthepost‐10,000yearoldportionsoftheQuaternaryAlluviumallhaveahighsensitivityfor45paleontologicalresources.46

14.5.2 Regulatory Setting 23Thissectionsummarizesfederal,state,andlocallaws,regulations,andstandardsthatgovern4culturalresourcesintheprojectarea.564.5.2.1 Federal 78National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 9

Enactedin1966,theNationalHistoricPreservationAct(NHPA)declaredanationalpolicyof10historicpreservationandinstitutedamultifacetedprogram,administeredbytheSecretaryofthe11Interior,toencouragetheachievementofpreservationgoalsatthefederal,state,andlocallevels.12TheNHPAauthorizedtheexpansionandmaintenanceoftheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces13(NRHP),establishedthepositionofStateHistoricPreservationOfficer(SHPO)andprovidedforthe14designationofStateReviewBoards,setupamechanismtocertifylocalgovernmentstocarryout15thepurposesoftheNHPA,assistedNativeAmericantribestopreservetheirculturalheritage,and16createdtheAdvisoryCouncilonHistoricPreservation(ACHP).Section106oftheNHPAstatesthat17federalagencieswithdirectorindirectjurisdictionoverfederallyfunded,assisted,orlicensed18undertakingsmusttakeintoaccounttheeffectoftheundertakingonanyhistoricpropertythatis19includedin,oreligibleforinclusionin,theNRHPandthattheACHPmustbeaffordedan20opportunitytocomment,throughaprocessoutlinedintheACHPregulationsat36CodeofFederal21Regulations(CFR)Part800,onsuchundertakings.2223National Register of Historic Places 24

Aspresentedin36CFR60.2,theNRHPwasestablishedbytheNHPAof1966as“anauthoritative25guidetobeusedbyfederal,state,andlocalgovernments,privategroups,andcitizenstoidentifythe26Nation’sculturalresourcesandtoindicatewhatpropertiesshouldbeconsideredforprotection27fromdestructionorimpairment.”TheNRHPrecognizespropertiesthataresignificantatthe28national,state,andlocallevels.TobeeligibleforlistingintheNRHP,aresourcemustbesignificant29inAmericanhistory,architecture,archaeology,engineering,orculture.Districts,sites,buildings,30structures,andobjectsofpotentialsignificancemustalsopossessintegrityoflocation,design,31setting,materials,workmanship,feeling,andassociation.ApropertyiseligiblefortheNRHPifitis32significantunderoneormoreofthefollowingcriteria:3334

Criterion A: It is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad 35patterns of our history. 36

Criterion B: It is associated with the lives of persons who are significant in our past. 37

Criterion C: It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of 38construction; represents the work of a master; possesses high artistic values; or represents a 39significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction. 40

Criterion D: It has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or 41history. 42

Cemeteries,birthplaces,orgravesofhistoricfigures;propertiesownedbyreligiousinstitutionsor43usedforreligiouspurposes;structuresthathavebeenmovedfromtheiroriginallocations;44reconstructedhistoricbuildings;andpropertiesthatareprimarilycommemorativeinnatureare45notconsideredeligiblefortheNRHPunlesstheysatisfycertainconditions.Ingeneral,aresource46

mustbeatleast50yearsofagetobeconsideredfortheNRHP,unlessitsatisfiesastandardof1exceptionalimportance.23Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 4

TheNativeAmericanGravesProtectionandRepatriationAct(NAGPRA)of1990setsprovisionsfor5theintentionalremovalandinadvertentdiscoveryofhumanremainsandotherculturalitemsfrom6federalandtriballands.Itclarifiestheownershipofhumanremainsandsetsforthaprocessfor7repatriationofhumanremainsandassociatedfuneraryobjectsandsacredreligiousobjectstothe8NativeAmericangroupsclaimingtobelinealdescendantsorculturallyaffiliatedwiththeremains9orobjects.ItrequiresanyfederallyfundedinstitutionhousingNativeAmericanremainsorartifacts10tocompileaninventoryofallculturalitemswithinthemuseumorwithitsagencyandtoprovidea11summarytoanyNativeAmericantribeclaimingaffiliation.12134.5.2.2 State 14

California Office of Historic Preservation 15

TheStateofCaliforniaimplementstheNHPAthroughitsstatewidecomprehensivecultural16resourcessurveysandpreservationprograms.TheCaliforniaOfficeofHistoricPreservation,asan17officeoftheCaliforniaDepartmentofParksandRecreation,implementsthepoliciesoftheNHPAon18astatewidelevel.TheOfficeofHistoricPreservationalsomaintainstheCaliforniaHistoric19ResourcesInventory.TheStateHistoricPreservationOfficerisanappointedofficialwho20implementshistoricpreservationprogramswithinthestate’sjurisdictions.2122California Register of Historical Resources 23

TheCRHRisanauthoritativelistingandguidetobeusedbystateandlocalagencies,privategroups,24andcitizensinidentifyingtheexistinghistoricalresourcesofthestateandtoindicatewhich25resourcesdeservetobeprotected,totheextentprudentandfeasible,fromsubstantialadverse26change(PRC§5024.1[a]).ThecriteriaforeligibilityforlistingontheCRHRarebasedonNRHP27criteria(PRC§5024.1[b]).Certainresourcesaredeterminedbythestatutetobeautomatically28includedintheCRHR,includingCaliforniapropertiesformallydeterminedeligiblefor,orlistedin,29theNRHP.3031California Environmental Quality Act 32

MostcountiesandcitiesinCaliforniahaveregulationsthataddresspaleontologicalresources.At33thestatelevel,CEQArequirespublicagenciesandprivateintereststoidentifyenvironmental34consequencesoftheirproposedprojectsonanyobjectorsiteofsignificancetothescientificannals35ofCalifornia.3637Public Resources Code Sections 38

PRC5020–5024.Thesesectionsarestatutesthatpertaintotheprotectionofhistoricalresources.3940PRC5024.1.ThissectiondefineshistoricalresourcesandestablishestheCRHR,setsforthcriteria41todetermineresourcesignificance,definesCRHR‐eligibleresources,andlistsnomination42procedures.4344

PRC5097.5,PRC5097.9,andPRC30244.Thesesectionsregulatetheremovalofpaleontological1resourcesfromstatelands,defineunauthorizedremovaloffossilresourcesasamisdemeanor,and2requiremitigationofdisturbedsites,respectively.34PRC5097.91throughPRC5097.991.Thesesectionspertaintotheestablishmentandauthorities5oftheNAHC.TheyalsoprohibittheacquisitionorpossessionofNativeAmericanartifactsorhuman6remainstakenfromaNativeAmericangraveorcairn,exceptinaccordancewithanagreement7reachedwiththeNAHC,andprovideforNativeAmericanremainsandassociatedgraveartifactsto8berepatriated.910PRC5097.98(b)and(e).ThesesectionsrequirealandowneronwhosepropertyNativeAmerican11humanremainsarefoundtolimitfurtherdevelopmentactivityinthevicinityuntilconferringwith12themostlikelydescendants(asidentifiedbytheNAHC)toconsidertreatmentoptions.1314PRC5097.993throughPRC5097.994.ThesesectionsestablishtheNativeAmericanHistoric15ResourceProtectionAct,whichmakesitamisdemeanorcrimetoperformunlawfulandmalicious16excavation,removal,ordestructionofNativeAmericanarchaeologicalorhistoricalsitesonpublic17orprivatelands.1819PRC6254(r).ThissectionestablishestheCaliforniaPublicRecordsAct,whichprotectsNative20Americangraves,cemeteries,andsacredplacesmaintainedbytheNAHCbyprotectingrecordsof21suchresourcesfrompublicdisclosure.2223PRC21083.2.ThissectionoftheCEQAStatuteprovidesfortheprotectionof“unique”24archaeologicalresourcesasdefinedintheStatute.Ifitcanbedemonstratedthataprojectwillcause25damagetoauniquearchaeologicalresource,theleadagencymayrequirethatreasonableeffortsbe26madetopreservedinplaceoravoidtheresources.Thissectionalsoestablishesmitigation27requirementsfortheexcavation(datarecovery)ofuniquearchaeologicalresources.Seealso28Section15064.5(c)oftheCEQAGuidelines(14CCR).2930PRC21084.1.ThissectionoftheCEQAStatuteestablishesthatanadverseeffectonahistorical31resourcequalifiesasasignificanteffectontheenvironment.SeealsoSections15064.5and3215126.4(b)oftheCEQAGuidelines(14CCR).3334PRC65092.Thissectionprovidesfornoticeofprojectsinconsiderationforconstructiontobesent35toCaliforniaNativeAmericantribeswhoareonthecontactlistmaintainedbytheNAHC.3637California Code of Regulations Sections 38

14CCR1427.ThiscoderecognizesthatCalifornia’sarchaeologicalresourcesareendangeredby39urbandevelopmentandpopulationgrowthandbynaturalforces.Itdeclaresthattheseresources40needtobepreservedinordertoilluminateandincreasepublicknowledgeofthehistoricand41prehistoricpastofCalifornia.424314CCR4307.Thiscodestatesthatnopersonshallremove,injure,deface,ordestroyanyobjectof44paleontological,archaeological,orhistoricalinterestorvalue.454614CCR15064.5.ThissectionoftheCEQAGuidelinesrecognizesthatahistoricalresourceincludes:47(1)aresourcelistedin,ordeterminedtobeeligibleby,theStateHistoricalResourcesCommission48forlistingintheCRHR;(2)aresourceincludedinalocalregisterofhistoricalresources;and(3)any49

object,building,structure,site,area,place,record,ormanuscriptthataleadagencydeterminesto1behistoricallysignificantorsignificantinthearchitectural,engineering,scientific,economic,2agricultural,educational,social,political,military,orculturalannalsofCaliforniabythelead3agency,providedtheleadagency’sdeterminationissupportedbysubstantialevidenceinlightof4thewholerecord.Insomecases,anarchaeologicalresourcemaybeconsideredahistorical5resource.6714CCR15064.5(c).Ifanarchaeologicalresourcedoesnotmeetthecriteriaforahistorical8resourcecontainedintheCEQAGuidelinesSection15064.5,itmaybetreatedinaccordancewith9theprovisionsofPRCSection21083.2ifitisa“unique”archaeologicalresource.Ifanarchaeological10resourceisneitheruniquenorhistorical,effectsoftheproposedprojectontheresourcewouldnot11beconsideredasignificanteffect.121314CCR15126.4(b).ThissectionoftheCEQAGuidelinesestablishesmitigationguidelinesfor14effectsonhistoricalresourcesandhistoricalresourcesofanarchaeologicalnature.1516Health and Safety Code (HSC) 17

HSC7050throughHSC7054.Thesesectionsarestatutesthatpertaintodisturbanceandremoval18ofhumanremains,felonyoffensesrelatedtohumanremains,anddepositinghumanremains19outsideofacemetery.2021HSC8010throughHSC8011.TheseHSCsectionsestablishtheCaliforniaNativeAmericanGraves22ProtectionandRepatriationAct,whichisconsistentwithandfacilitatesimplementationofthe23federalNativeAmericanGravesProtectionandRepatriationAct.2425Senate Concurrent Resolutions 26

Number43.Thisresolutionrequiresallstateagenciestocooperatewithprogramsof27archaeologicalsurveyandexcavationandtopreserveknownarchaeologicalresourceswheneverit28isreasonabletodoso.2930Number87.ThisresolutionprovidesfortheidentificationandprotectionoftraditionalNative31Americanresource‐gatheringsitesonstateland.3233Penal Code Section 622 (Destruction of Sites) 34

Thiscodeestablishesasamisdemeanorthewillfulinjury,disfiguration,defacement,ordestruction35ofanyobjectorthingofarchaeologicalorhistoricalinterestorvalue,whethersituatedonprivateor36publiclands.3738Paleontological Resources Under CEQA 39

Althoughpaleontologicalresourcesrelatetogeologicalconditions(thatis,theyareusuallyfound40onlyinsedimentaryrockorsoils),theCEQAAppendixGchecklistincludesthisanalysisunderthe41culturalresourcescategory.Exceptforthechecklist,therearenostatelaws,regulations,or42standardsapplicabletopaleontologicalresourcesonprivateproperty.4344

4.5.2.3 Regional and Local 12TheCPUChassoleandexclusivestatejurisdictionoverthesitinganddesignoftheproposed3project.TheCPUChasadoptedGeneralOrder(GO)131‐Dtoregulatetheconstructionofelectric4publicutilityfacilities.GO131‐D,SectionXIV.B.statesthat“...localjurisdictionsactingpursuantto5localauthorityarepreemptedfromregulatingelectricpowerlineprojects,distributionlines,6substations,orelectricfacilitiesconstructedbypublicutilitiessubjecttotheCommission’s7jurisdiction.”GO131‐D,SectionXVstatesthat“Acoastaldevelopmentpermitshallbeobtained8fromtheCaliforniaCoastalCommissionfordevelopmentoffacilitiessubjecttothisorderinthe9CoastalZone.”Aspartofitsenvironmentalreviewprocess,SCEconsideredlocalplansandpolicies10andlocallanduseprioritiesandconcerns.Thesearediscussedbelow.1112Santa Barbara County Coastal Land Use Plan, Archaeological and Historical Policies 13

TheSantaBarbaraCountyCoastalLandUsePlancontainsanumberofpoliciesrelatedtohistorical14andarchaeologicalresources,including:1516

Policy10‐1.Allavailablemeasures,includingpurchase,taxrelief,purchaseofdevelopment17rights,etc.,shallbeexploredtoavoiddevelopmentonsignificanthistoric,prehistoric,18archaeological,andotherclassesofculturalsites.19

Policy10‐2.Whendevelopmentsareproposedforparcelswherearchaeologicalorothercultural20sitesarelocated,projectdesignshallberequiredwhichavoidsimpactstosuchculturalsitesif21possible.22

Policy10‐3.Whensufficientplanningflexibilitydoesnotpermitavoidingconstructionon23archaeologicalorothertypesofculturalsites,adequatemitigationshallberequired.Mitigation24shallbedesignedinaccordwithguidelinesoftheStateOfficeofHistoricPreservationandthe25StateofCaliforniaNativeAmericanHeritageCommission.26

Policy10‐4.Off‐roadvehicleuse,unauthorizedcollectingofartifacts,andotheractivitiesother27thandevelopmentwhichcoulddestroyordamagearchaeologicalorculturalsitesshallbe28prohibited.29

Policy10‐5.NativeAmericansshallbeconsultedwhendevelopmentproposalsaresubmitted30whichimpactsignificantarchaeologicalorculturalsites.31

32Santa Barbara County Comprehensive Plan, Land Use Element, Historical and Archaeological Sites 33Policies 34

TheSantaBarbaraCountyComprehensivePlan,LandUseElementcontainsanumberofpolicies35relatedtohistoricalandarchaeologicalresources,including:3637

Policy1.Allavailablemeasures,includingpurchase,taxrelief,purchaseofdevelopmentrights,38andothers,shallbeexploredtoavoiddevelopmentonsignificanthistoric,prehistoric,39archaeological,andotherclassesofculturalsites.40

Policy2.Whendevelopmentsareproposedforparcelswherearchaeologicalorothercultural41sitesarelocated,projectdesignshallberequiredwhichavoidsimpactstosuchculturalsitesif42possible.43

Policy3.Whensufficientplanningflexibilitydoesnotpermitavoidingconstructionon44archaeologicalorothertypesofculturalsites,adequatemitigationshallberequired.Mitigation45

shallbedesignedinaccordwithguidelinesoftheStateOfficeofHistoricPreservationandthe1StateofCaliforniaNativeAmericanHeritageCommission.2

Policy4.Off‐roadvehicleuse,unauthorizedcollectionofartifacts,andotheractivitiesotherthan3developmentwhichcoulddestroyordamagearchaeologicalorculturalsitesshallbeprohibited.4

Policy5.NativeAmericansshallbeconsultedwhendevelopmentproposalsaresubmittedwhich5impactsignificantarchaeologicalorculturalsites.6

7Ventura County General Plan 8

TheVenturaCountyGeneralPlancontainsanumberofgoalsandpoliciesrelatedtopaleontological9andculturalresources.ThegoalscontainedintheGeneralPlanareasfollows:1011

Goal1.Identify,inventory,preserve,andprotectthepaleontologicalandculturalresourcesof12VenturaCounty(includingarchaeological,historical,andNativeAmericanresources)fortheir13scientific,educational,andculturalvalue.14

Goal2.Enhancecooperationwithcities,specialdistricts,otherappropriateorganizations,and15privatelandownersinacknowledgingandpreservingtheCounty'spaleontologicalandcultural16resources.17

18ThepoliciescontainedintheVenturaCountyGeneralPlanthatmayapplytonondiscretionary19developmentsareasfollows:2021

Policy3.Mitigationofsignificantimpactsonculturalorpaleontologicalresourcesshallfollowthe22GuidelinesoftheStateOfficeofHistoricPreservation,theStateNAHC,andshallbeperformedin23consultationwithprofessionalsintheirrespectiveareasofexpertise24

Policy4.ConfidentialityregardinglocationsofarchaeologicalsitesthroughouttheCountyshall25bemaintainedinordertopreserveandprotecttheseresourcesfromvandalismandthe26unauthorizedremovalofartifacts.27

Policy6.TheBuildingandSafetyDivisionshallemploytheStateHistoricBuildingCodefor28preservinghistoricsitesinthecounty.2930

City of Carpinteria General Plan 31

TheCityofCarpinteriaGeneralPlancontainsanumberofpoliciesrelatedtohistoricaland32archaeologicalresources,including:33

OSC‐16:Carefullyreviewanydevelopmentthatmaydisturbimportantarchaeologicalor34historicallyvaluablesites. 35

364.5.3 Impact Analysis 37384.5.3.1 Methodology and Significance Criteria 3940Theculturalresourcestechnicalreportsthathavebeenpreparedfortheproposedproject41(SwitalskiandBardsley2012a,2012b;Schmidt2013;Leftwichetal.2014);Proponent’s42EnvironmentalAssessment(PEA)documents(SCE2012);andDepartmentofParksandRecreation43siteandisolateformswereallreviewedasresearchsourcesforthisdocument.Additional44backgroundresearchwasalsoconductedonthegeneralprojectareaandonCEQAstatutesto45

ensurethatimpactassessmentsandmitigationmeasuresareadequatetoappropriatelymitigate1theimpactstoresources.23CulturalresourcesrecordssearcheswereconductedforthePEAattheSouthCentralCoastal4InformationCenter,locatedatCaliforniaStateUniversity,Fullerton,andattheCentralCoast5InformationCenter,locatedattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbarafortheculturalresources6surveys(asnotedpreviously)todeterminetheextentofpreviousculturalresourcesinvestigations7within0.5milesofthetransmissionlines,todeterminewhetheranyarchaeologicalsitesor8architecturalresourceshavebeenpreviouslyidentifiedwithinthearea.Materialsreviewedaspart9oftherecordssearchincludedarchaeologicalsiterecords,historicmaps,andlistingsofresources10ontheNRHP,theCRHR,CaliforniaPointsofHistoricalInterest,CaliforniaLandmarks,andNational11HistoricLandmarks.1213Forpaleontologicalresources,thepaleontologicalresourcesreport(Conkling2012)wasreviewed.14Thisreportincludedtheresultsofalocalitysearchconductedthroughtheonlinedatabaseofthe15UniversityofCaliforniaMuseumofPaleontologyandreviewofpertinentgeologicalmaps,aswellas16theresultsofthefieldsurveyconductedfortheproposedproject.1718ThesignificancecriteriaweredefinedbasedonthechecklistitemsinAppendixGoftheCEQA19Guidelines.Animpactisconsideredsignificantiftheprojectwould:2021

a) Causeasubstantialadversechangeinthesignificanceofahistoricalresourceasdefinedin22§15064.5;23

b) Causeasubstantialadversechangeinthesignificanceofanarchaeologicalresource24pursuantto§15064.5;25

c) Directlyorindirectlydestroyauniquepaleontologicalresourceorsiteoruniquegeologic26feature;or27

d) Disturbanyhumanremains,includingthoseinterredoutsideofformalcemeteries.2829Culturalresourcesincludearchaeologicalandhistoricobjects,sitesanddistricts,historicbuildings30andstructures,andsitesandresourcesofconcerntolocalNativeAmericansandotherethnic31groups.CulturalresourcesthatmeetthecriteriaofeligibilityfortheCRHRaretermed“historic32resources.”ArchaeologicalresourcesthatdonotmeetCRHRcriteriaalsomaybeevaluatedas33“unique”;impactsonsuchresourcescouldbeconsideredsignificant,asdescribedbelow.3435AsitemeetsthecriteriaforinclusionontheCRHRif:3637

1. Itisassociatedwitheventsthathavemadeasignificantcontributiontothebroadpatterns38ofCalifornia’sHistoryandCulturalHeritage;39

2. ItisassociatedwiththelifeorlivesofapersonorpeopleimportanttoCalifornia’spast;40

3. It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of41construction,orrepresentstheworkofanimportantcreativeindividual,orpossesseshigh42artisticvalues;or43

4. Ithasyielded,ormaybelikelytoyield,informationimportanttoprehistoryorhistory.4445AresourceeligiblefortheCRHRmustmeetoneofthecriteriaofsignificancedescribedaboveand46retainenoughofitshistoriccharacterorappearance(integrity)toberecognizableasahistorical47

resourceandtoconveythereasonforitssignificance.Itispossiblethatahistoricresourcemaynot1retainsufficientintegritytomeetthecriteriaforlistingintheNRHP,butitmaystillbeeligiblefor2listingintheCRHR.344.5.3.2 Applicant Proposed Measures 56Theapplicanthascommittedtothefollowingapplicantproposedmeasures(APMs)aspartofthe7designoftheproposedproject(seeChapter2,Table2‐10forafulldescriptionofeachAPM):89APMCUL‐1:Avoidance,Minimization,andMitigation.Potentialproject‐relatedeffectsonhistorical10resourcesmaybemitigatedorreducedtoalessthansignificantlevelbyimplementingSCE’s11culturalresourcesUnanticipatedDiscoveryPlanandemployingoneormorestandardpractice12mitigationscenariosincluding,butnotlimitedto:1314

PrehistoricResources15

- avoidwherefeasible(avoidancebydesign,preserveinplace,capping)16

- minimize(reductionofAreaofDirectImpact/Effect)17

- mitigate(historiccontextstatement,datarecovery)18

HistoricResources19

- avoidwherefeasible(avoidancebydesign,preserveinplace,capping)20

- mitigate(historiccontextstatement,datarecovery)22

HistoricArchitecture/UtilityInfrastructure23

- avoidwherefeasible(avoidancebydesign,preserveinplace)24

- mitigate(historiccontextstatement,HistoricAmericanEngineeringRecord,Historic26AmericanBuildingSurvey,advancedCaliforniaDepartmentofParksandRecreation27recordation)28

29Theapplicant’sUnanticipatedDiscoveryPlanwoulddescribetheprocedurestobefollowedinthe30eventthatpreviouslyunidentifiedculturalresourcesarediscoveredduringconstructionofthe31proposedproject.Ifpreviouslyunidentifiedculturalresourcesarediscoveredduringconstruction,32personnelwouldbeinstructedtosuspendworkinthevicinityofthefind.3334TheresourcewouldthenbeevaluatedforlistingintheCRHRbyaqualifiedarchaeologist,and,ifthe35resourceisdeterminedtobeeligibleforlistingintheCRHR,eithertheresourcewouldbeavoided36ormitigated.appropriatearchaeologicalprotectivemeasureswouldbeimplemented.Ifhuman37skeletalremainsareuncoveredduringconstructionoftheproposedproject,theapplicantand/or38itscontractorsshallimmediatelyhaltallworkintheimmediatearea,contacttheapplicableCounty39Coronertoevaluatetheremains,andfollowtheproceduresandprotocolssetforthinSection4015064.5(e)(1)oftheCEQAGuidelines.4142PerHealthandSafetyCode7050.5,uponthediscoveryofhumanremains,thereshallbenofurther43excavationordisturbanceofthesiteoranynearbyareareasonablysuspectedtooverlieadjacent44

remains.IftheapplicableCountyCoronerdeterminesthattheremainsareNativeAmerican,itis1anticipatedthatthecoronerwouldcontacttheNativeAmericanHeritageCommissioninaccordance2withHealthandSafetyCodeSection7050.5(c)andPublicResourcesCode5097.98(asamendedby3AssemblyBill2641).Inaddition,theapplicantshallensurethattheimmediatevicinitywherethe4NativeAmericanhumanremainsarelocatedisnotdamagedordisturbedbyfurtherdevelopment5activityuntiltheapplicanthasdiscussedandconferred,asprescribedinPublicResourcesCode65097.98,withthemostlikelydescendantsregardingtheirrecommendations.78APMCUL‐2:PaleontologicalResourcesManagementPlan(PRMP).SCEshallprepareand9implementaPRMPthatwouldinclude,butnotbelimitedto:preconstructioncoordination;10recommendedmonitoringmethods;emergencydiscoveryprocedures;samplinganddatarecovery11methods,ifneeded;museumstoragecoordinationforanyspecimensanddatarecovered;and12reportingrequirements.ThePRMPwouldalsoprovideforsedimentscreening,fossilpreparation,13curation,andpreparationofareportdetailingtheresultsofthework.Inaddition,thePRMPwould14specifymonitoringrequirementssuchasthepresenceofapaleontologicalmonitorwhenworkis15beingperformedatformationswithhighpaleontologicalsensitivity.Ifveryfewornofossilremains16arefoundduringground‐disturbingactivities,monitoringtimecanbereducedorsuspended17entirely,perrecommendationsofthepaleontologicalfieldsupervisor.1819APMCUL‐3:Aculturalresourcessurveyofthoseareasthatcouldnotbepreviouslyaccessedwould20beconductedpriortothestartofconstruction.Thesesurveyswouldidentifyand/oraddressany21potentialsensitiveculturalresourcesthatmaybeimpactedbytheProject,includingthesubstation22sites,subtransmissionlineandtelecommunicationcableroutes,wirestringinglocations,accessand23spurroads,drillingandcranepads,andstagingyards.24254.5.3.3 Environmental Impacts 2627ImpactCR‐1:Causeasubstantialadversechangeinthesignificanceofahistoricalresource28asdefinedin§15064.5.29LESSTHANSIGNIFICANTWITHMITIGATION3031Constructionactivitiescouldimpactknownandunknownhistoricalresources.Datacollectedfrom32therecordssearchandfromsurveysrevealedthathistoricalresourceshavebeendocumented33withintheproposedprojectarea.Thesurveysalsorecordedthepresenceofpreviouslyunrecorded34sites.WiththeexceptionofculturalresourcesitesCA‐VEN‐58andCA‐SBA‐3587,thesurveys35indicatedthatthepreviouslyrecordedsiteshaveeitherbeendestroyed,orappeartohavebeenthe36subjectofrecordingerrorssuchthattheyareactuallyoutsidetheprojectarea,orarenot37archaeologicalsitesbutfossilshellsites.CA‐VEN‐58islocatedoutsidethealignmentforSegment138andwouldnotbeimpactedbytheproposedproject.CA‐SBA‐3587isinanareaproposedasa39helicopterlandingarea.4041CulturalresourcesitesSBCRP‐1,andSBCRP‐2,SBCRP‐3,andGANDA‐1wererecordedasaresultof42thesurveysfortheproposedproject.SBCRP‐1,SBCRP‐2andSBCRP‐3andhavebeendeterminedto43beineligibleforinclusionontheCRHR.SiteGANDA‐1hasnotbeenevaluatedforeligibility;44however,theprojecthasbeenredesignedtoavoidthesensitiveportionsoftheGANDA‐1site.45CulturalresourcesiteSBCRP‐3wasalsorecordedasaresultofthesurveysfortheproposedproject46andrequiresformalsevaluationforeligibilityforCRHR.SCEBonsall#1waslocatedonasurveyfor47aroadthatisnolongerpartoftheproposedproject(Schmidt2013).It,too,isoutsidethe48alignmentofSegment1andwouldnotbeimpactedbytheproposedproject.Itisimportanttonote49

thatsubstantialportionsoftheprojectarearemainunsurveyed.Itispossiblethatcurrently1unrecordedsitesmayexistintheseunsurveyedareas.TheapplicantwouldimplementAPMCUL‐12andAPMCUL‐3,whichwouldrequiretheapplicanttoconductculturalsurveysforallareasnot3previouslysurveyedandtoavoid,minimize,andmitigateimpactstoculturalresources.Potential4impactstohistoricalresourceswouldremaintobesignificantwiththeimplementationofAPMs.5Implementationofmitigationmeasures(MM)CR‐1throughMMCR‐10,andMMCR‐15would6requiretheapplicanttoconductintensive‐levelculturalresourcessurveys(transectsnogreater7than1510meters)forallareastobedisturbedthathavenotalreadybeensurveyedforcultural8resourcesandsubmitreportsfromsubsequentsurveystotheCPUC;establishbuffersaround9environmentallysensitiveareas;useaqualifiedculturalresourceconsultantforconstruction10monitoring;prepareplanstooutlineprotocolstofollowwhenaculturalresourcescan’tbeavoided,11whennativeAmericanconsultationisneeded,andwhenapreviouslyundiscoveredresourceis12found;andprovideculturalresourcetrainingtoallconstructionworkers.Impactsunderthis13criterionwouldbereducedtolessthansignificantwithmitigation.1415ImpactCR‐2:Causeasubstantialadversechangeinthesignificanceofanarchaeological16resourcepursuantto§15064.5.17LESSTHANSIGNIFICANTWITHMITIGATION1819Impactsonarchaeologicalresourcesfromtheconstructionoftheproposedprojectwouldbesimilar20toimpactsonhistoricalresourcesfromconstructionactivitiesasdescribedunderImpactCR‐1.The21applicantwouldimplementAPMCUL‐1andAPMCUL‐3,whichwouldrequiretheapplicantto22conductculturalsurveysforallareasnotpreviouslysurveyedandtoavoid,minimize,andmitigate23impactstoculturalresources.Potentialimpactstoarchaeologicalresourceswouldremaintobe24significantwiththeimplementationofAPMs.Theimpactswouldbereducedtolessthansignificant25withtheimplementationofMMCR‐1throughMMCR‐10,andMMCR‐15.2627ImpactCR‐3:Directlyorindirectlydestroyauniquepaleontologicalresourceorsiteor28uniquegeologicfeature.29LESSTHANSIGNIFICANTWITHMITIGATION3031Theproposedprojectwouldincludegrounddisturbanceingeologicunitswithhighpotentialto32containpaleontologicalresources(Table4.5‐2)(Table4.5‐4).TheapplicantwouldimplementAPM33CUL‐2,whichwouldrequiretheapplicanttoprepareaPRMPthatwouldoutlinemonitoring,34testing,anddatarecoveryprotocol.However,potentialimpactstopaleontologicalresourcewould35remaintobesignificant.ImplementationofMMCR‐11throughMMCR‐15wouldrequirethe36applicanttopreparethePRMPtomeetadditionalstandardsandsubmittheplantotheCPUCfor37review;useaqualifiedpaleontologicalconsultantforconstructionmonitoring;prepareplansto38outlineprotocolstofollowwhenapreviouslyundiscoveredpaleontologicalresourceisfound;and39providepaleontologicalresourcetrainingtoallconstructionworkers.Impactsunderthiscriterion40wouldbereducedtolessthansignificantwithmitigation.4142ImpactCR‐4:Disturbanyhumanremains,includingthoseinterredoutsideofformal43cemeteries.44LESSTHANSIGNIFICANTWITHMITIGATION4546Areviewofrecordsandfieldstudiesintheproposedprojectareahasrevealedthatpotential47disturbanceofhumanremainsispossible.TheapplicantwouldimplementAPMCUL‐1andAPM48CUL‐3,whichwouldrequiretheapplicanttoconductculturalsurveysforallareasnotpreviously49

surveyedandtoavoid,minimize,andmitigateimpactstohumanremains.Potentialimpactsto1humanremainswouldremaintobesignificantwiththeimplementationofAPMs.Impacttohuman2remainswouldbereducedtolessthansignificantwiththeimplementationofMMCR‐1through3MMCR‐10.454.5.4 Mitigation Measures 67MMCR‐1:AdditionalCulturalResourcesSurveys.Priortoissuanceofconstructionpermits,the8applicantwillensurethatqualifiedarchaeologicalconsultants,asspecifiedintheCultural9ResourcesPlans,willconductintensive‐levelculturalresourcessurveys(transectsnogreaterthan101510meters)forallareastobedisturbedthathavenotalreadybeensurveyedforcultural11resourcesandthat,priortotheproject,hadbeenundisturbed.Reportsthatspecifytheresearch12design,methods,andsurveyresultswillbesubmittedtotheCPUCforreviewandmustbeaccepted13bytheCPUCpriortothestartofgrounddisturbanceintheunsurveyedareas.1415MMCR‐2:AvoidKnownCulturalResources.Priortoconstruction,onacompletesetoffinal16projectconstructionplans,culturalresourcessiteswillbedenotedasEnvironmentallySensitive17AreasbyaCPUC‐approvedculturalresourcesconsultant(MMCR‐3).Ifanyproject‐related18constructionorrestorationactivitywilloccurwithin50feetofCA‐VEN‐58,SCEBonsall#1,CA‐SBA‐193587,GANDA‐1,oranyotherknownculturalresourcesite,thesiteswillbedesignatedas20EnvironmentallySensitiveAreas.,Thislistisnotintendedtobeexhaustiveandmaynotincludeall21sitesdenotedasEnvironmentallySensitiveAreasontheprojectplans.Theprojectplanswill22becomeconfidentialandonlybeprovidedtoapprovedculturalresourcesconsultants,Native23Americanmonitorsapprovedbyatribe(MMCR‐5)formonitoringduringprojectconstruction(if24applicable),andtheapplicant’sEnvironmentalCoordinatorsandconstructionsupervisors.ACPUC25culturalresourcesspecialistwillapprovethedemarkedplanspriortostartofconstruction.2627Priortothestartofconstructionactivitieswithin100feetofculturalresources,temporaryfencing28orsignagewillbeerected,asfeasible,withtheapprovaloftheCPUC.Thetemporaryfencingor29signagewillbeinstalledbyorunderthedirectsupervisionofaqualifiedarchaeologist.Fencingor30signagewillestablisha50‐footbuffer(atminimum)fromtheboundaryoftheculturalresourcesite.31Ifsignsareerected,signagewillnotindicatethatanEnvironmentallySensitiveAreacontains32culturalresources.AllEnvironmentallySensitiveAreaswillbeavoidedthroughoutconstruction33andrestorationoftheproposedprojecttothemaximumextentfeasible.Ifa50‐footbuffercannot34beestablishedortheareascannotbeavoided,noworkwillbeconductedintheareauntilaCPUC‐35approvedculturalresourcesconsultant(MMCR‐3)inspectstheculturalresources.TheCPUC‐36approvedculturalresourcesconsultantwillcommunicatethefindingstotheSCEarchaeologistwho37willmakeapreliminarydeterminationregardingwhetherfurtherinvestigationisrequired.SCEwill38thensubmittheirrecommendationtotheCPUCfortheCPUC’sapproval.IfeitherSCE’scultural39resourcesconsultantortheCPUC’sculturalresourcesconsultantdeterminesthatfurther40investigationisrequired,workwillnotbeconductedintheareauntiltestingandevaluation41(MMCR‐8)and,ifnecessary,datarecovery(MMCR‐9)arecompleted.Onceconstructionin42proximitytotheEnvironmentallySensitiveAreaiscomplete,thetemporaryfencingorsignagewill43beremoved.4445AllculturalresourceslocatedwithinoradjacenttoEnvironmentallySensitiveAreaswillbe46protectedbytemporaryfencingpriortothestartofconstructionactivitieswithin100feetofthe47areas.AllEnvironmentallySensitiveAreaswillbeavoidedthroughoutconstructionandrestoration48oftheproposedprojecttothemaximumextentfeasible.Iftheareascannotbeavoided,noworkwill49

beconductedintheareauntilaCPUC‐approvedculturalresourcesconsultant(MMCR‐3)inspects1theculturalresourcesanddetermineswhetherfurtherinvestigationisrequired.Iffurther2investigationisrequired,workwillnotbeconductedintheareauntiltestingandevaluation(MM3CR‐8)anddatarecovery(MMCR‐9),ifnecessary,arecompleted.Thetemporaryfencingwillbe4installedbyorunderthedirectsupervisionofaqualifiedarchaeologist.Thefencingwillsurround5thesite,leavinga50‐footbuffer(atminimum).Nosignswillbeplacedthatindicatean6EnvironmentallySensitiveAreacontainsculturalresources.Thetemporaryfencingwillberemoved7onceconstructioninproximitytotheEnvironmentallySensitiveAreaiscomplete.89MMCR‐3:QualifiedCulturalResourcesConsultants.Theapplicantwillretaintheservicesof10qualifiedprofessional(CPUC‐approved)culturalresourcesconsultantswhomeetorexceedtheU.S.11SecretaryoftheInteriorqualificationstandardsforprofessionalarchaeologistspublishedin3612CodeofFederalRegulations61andwhohaveexperienceworkinginthejurisdictionstraversedby13componentsoftheproposedprojectsufficienttoidentifythefullrangeofculturalresourcesthat14maybefoundintheproposedprojectarea.Theconsultantswillalsohaveknowledgeofthecultural15historyoftheproposedprojectarea.Theresumesandsupportinginformationforeachcultural16resourcesconsultantwillbesubmittedtotheCPUCforapproval.Atleastonequalifiedcultural17resourcesconsultantmustbeapprovedbytheCPUCpriortostartofconstruction.1819MMCR‐4:CulturalResourcesPlans.Priortoconstruction,theapplicantwillsubmitCultural20ResourcesPlansfortherespectiveprojectcomponents,preparedbytheapprovedconsultant(s)21(MMCR‐3)forreviewandapprovalbytheCPUC.ThefinalCulturalResourcesPlansshallbe22implemented,asspecified,throughoutconstructionandrestoration.Theseplanswilladdress23culturalresourceseligiblefortheCRHRthatcannotbepreservedbyavoidanceandtoidentifyareas24wheremonitoringofearth‐disturbingactivitiesisrequired.Themonitoringplanshallinclude,ata25minimum:2627

Alistofpersonneltowhomtheplanapplies.28

Requirements,asnecessary,andplansforcontinuedNativeAmericaninvolvementand29outreach,includingparticipationofNativeAmericanmonitorsduringground‐disturbing30activitiesasdeterminedappropriate.31

Briefidentificationanddescriptionofthegeneralrangeoftheresourcesthatmaybe32encountered.33

Identificationoftheelementsofasitethatwillleadtoitmeetingthedefinitionofacultural34resourcerequiringprotectionandmitigation.35

Identificationanddescriptionofresourcemitigationthatwillbeundertakenifrequired.36

Descriptionofmonitoringproceduresthatwilltakeplaceforeachprojectcomponentarea37asrequired.38

Descriptionofhowoftenmonitoringwilloccur(e.g.,full‐time,parttime,spotchecking).39

Descriptionofthecircumstancesthatwillresultinthehaltingofworkandastatementthat40eitherthearchaeologicalmonitorortheNativeAmericanMonitorisauthorizedtocallfor41worktobestopped.42

Descriptionoftheproceduresforhaltingworkandnotificationproceduresforconstruction43crews.44

Testingandevaluationproceduresforresourcesencountered.45

Descriptionofproceduresforcuratinganycollectedmaterials.1

Reportingprocedures.2

Contactinformationforthosetobenotifiedorreportedto.34MMCR‐5:NativeAmericanConsultationandParticipationPlanning.Priortoconstruction,the5applicantwillprovideevidencetotheCPUCthattribesrequestingconsultationwiththeapplicant6regardingtheprojectdesignandimpactsonculturalresourceswereconsulted.Inaddition,the7applicantwillprovideevidencetotheCPUCthattribesthathaveexpressedinterestintheproject8duringanyphase(i.e.,projectapplicationthroughendofconstructionandrestoration)aregiven9theopportunitytoparticipateinadditionalculturalresourcessurveys(MMCR‐1)andcultural10resourcesmonitoringwhenperformedbyaCPUC‐approvedculturalresourcesconsultant(MMCR‐113).1213Tooutlinetheexpecteddutiesandresponsibilitiesofallpartiesinvolved,theapplicantandaCPUC‐14approvedculturalresourcesconsultantwillsubmitaNativeAmericanParticipationPlanpriorto15construction.ThefinalNativeAmericanParticipationPlanshallbeimplemented,asspecified,16throughoutconstructionandrestoration.Tribesthathaveexpressedinterestintheprojectpriorto17constructionwillbegiventheopportunitytoparticipateindevelopmentoftheplan.Atminimum,18theplanwillspecifythat:1920

NativeAmericanmonitors,ifapprovedbyatribe,areexpectedtoparticipateinworker21environmentalawarenessandhealthandsafetytrainingandfollowallhealthandsafety22protocols.23

AttendancebyNativeAmericanmonitorsduringconstructionandrestorationoftheproject24isatthediscretionofthetribe,andtheabsenceofaNativeAmericanmonitor,shouldthe25tribeschoosetoforgomonitoringforsomereason,willnotdelaywork.26

TheNativeAmericanmonitorswillhavetheabilitytonotifyaCPUC‐approvedcultural27resourcesconsultantwhohastheauthoritytotemporarilystopwork(MMCR‐7)iftheyfind28aculturalresourcethatmayrequirerecordationandevaluation.29

InterpretationofafindwillberequestedfromNativeAmericanmonitorswillhavethe30opportunitytoprovideinterpretationoninvolvedwiththediscovery,evaluation,ordata31recoveryofunanticipatedfindsforinclusioninthefinalCulturalResourcesReport(MMCR‐3210).33

ThetribesinvolvedwithpreparationoftheNativeAmericanParticipationPlanwillbegiven34theopportunitytoparticipateinthedevelopmentofTestingandEvaluationPlans(MMCR‐358)andDataRecoveryPlans(MMCR‐9)ifthedevelopmentoftheseplansisrequired.36

NativeAmericanmonitorsapprovedbyatribeformonitoringworkontheprojectwillbe37notified30dayspriortostartofconstructionofthevariousprojectcomponents.38

TheNativeAmericanmonitorswillbecompensatedfortheirtime.Ifmorethanonetribal39groupwishestoparticipateinthemonitoring,SCE,incoordinationwiththeCPUC,willhelp40facilitateamutuallyagreeableplanforparticipation.willworkoutanagreementforsharing41ofmonitoringcompensation.42

Defineaprocesstoinformtribesofcompletedculturalsurveysandtoprovideacopyofthe43surveytointerestedtribes.44

MMCR‐6:ConstructionMonitoring.Priortoconstruction,theapplicantwillretainqualified1archaeologistsasspecifiedintheCulturalResourcesPlans(MMCR‐4)tomonitorculturalresources2mitigationandground‐disturbingactivitiesinculturallysensitiveareasduringconstructionand3restoration.Thearchaeologicalmonitorswillworkunderthesupervisionofthequalifiedcultural4resourcesconsultantunlesstheconsultantservesasmonitor,aswell.Thearchaeologicalmonitors’5credentialsmustbesubmittedtoCPUCforapprovalpriortothenoticetoproceed.Theseareas6includetheQuaternaryalluvium,areasadjacenttositesCA‐SBA‐3587,CA‐VEN‐58,GANDA‐1,and7SCEBonsall#1,andanyotherresourcesidentifiedintheCulturalResourcesPlan.Thequalified8archaeologistswillattendpreconstructionmeetingstoprovidecommentsand/orsuggestions9concerningmonitoringplansanddiscussexcavationplanswithexcavationcontractors.1011MMCR‐7:StopWorkforUnanticipatedCulturalResourcesDiscoveries.Intheeventthat12previouslyunidentifiedculturalresourcesareuncoveredduringimplementationoftheproject,SCE13willensurethatground‐disturbingworkishaltedordivertedfromthediscoverytoanother14locationandwillnotifytheCPUCandtheappropriateauthorities.TheCPUC‐approvedcultural15resourcesconsultantwillinspectthediscoveryanddeterminewhetherfurtherinvestigationis16required.Ifthediscoveryissignificantbutcanbeavoided,andnofurtherimpactswilloccur,the17resourcewillbedocumentedandnofurthereffortwillberequired.Iftheresourceissignificantbut18cannotbeavoided,andmaybesubjecttofurtherimpact,theCPUC‐approvedculturalresources19consultant,inconsultationwithandunderthedirectionofthequalifiedarchaeologist,willevaluate20thesignificanceoftheresourcebasedoneligibilityfortheCRHRorlocalregistersandimplement21appropriatemeasuresinaccordancewiththeCulturalResourcesPlans.2223Ifhumanremainsareencountered,CaliforniaHSCSection7050.5statesthatnofurtherdisturbance24shalloccuruntiltheappropriateCountyCoronerhasmadethenecessaryfindingsastoorigin.25Further,pursuanttoCaliforniaPRCSection5097.98(b),remainsshallbeleftinplaceandfreefrom26disturbanceuntilafinaldecisionastothetreatmentanddispositionhasbeenmade.Ifthe27appropriateCountyCoronerdeterminestheremainstobeNativeAmerican,theNativeAmerican28HeritageCommissionmustbecontactedwithin24hours.TheNativeAmericanHeritage29Commissionmustthenidentifythe“mostlikelydescendant(s)”within48hoursofreceiving30notificationofthediscovery.Themostlikelydescendant(s)shallthenmakerecommendationsand31engageinconsultationsconcerningthetreatmentoftheremainsasprovidedinPRC5097.98.3233MMCR‐8:TestingandEvaluationPlan.Ifanyculturalresourceisdiscoveredduringconstruction34thatcannotbeavoided,workintheareaofthefindwillbeimmediatelyhaltedasspecifiedin35MMCR‐7.ACPUC‐approvedculturalconsultant(MMCR‐3)willdetermineiffurtherinvestigationis36required(MMCR‐7).Ifso,theCPUC‐approvedculturalconsultantwillsubmitaTestingand37EvaluationPlantotheCPUCforapprovalpriortofurtherdisturbanceoftheresource.Thefinal38TestingandEvaluationPlanshallbeimplemented,asspecified,throughoutconstructionand39restoration.Aftertestingandevaluationiscompleted,areportdocumentingtheresultswillbe40submittedtotheCPUC.Ifavoidanceisrecommended,theculturalresourcewillbeavoided,tothe41maximumextentfeasible.Ifavoidanceisnotpossible,aDataRecoveryPlanwillbedevelopedand42implemented(MMCR‐9).4344MMCR‐9:DataRecoveryPlan.Ifavoidanceofaculturalresourcefoundduringproject45constructionthatiseligibleforlistingintheCRHRorlocalregistersoras“unique”archaeological46resourcespursuanttoCEQAisnotfeasible,aCPUC‐approvedculturalresourcesconsultant(MM47CR‐3)(asapplicable)willprepareaDataRecoveryPlanthatoutlinestheextentofexcavation,48recovery/salvage,curation,andrecordationthatwilloccur.TheDataRecoveryPlanwillbe49

submittedtotheCPUCforapprovalpriortothestartofanydatarecoverywork.Datarecoverywill1becompletedasspecifiedintheapprovedDataRecoveryPlanpriortocontinuingworkwithinthe2areaofthefind.34MMCR‐10:CulturalResourcesReporting.Priortofinalinspectionafterconstructionofproject5componentshasbeencompleted,theapplicant’squalifiedarchaeologistsasspecifiedintheCultural6ResourcesPlanswillsubmitreportstotheCPUCsummarizingallmonitoringandmitigation7activitiesandconfirmingthatallmitigationmeasureshavebeenimplemented.89MMCR‐11:PaleontologicalMonitoringandTreatmentPlan.Priortostartofconstruction,the10applicantwillsubmitaPaleontologicalMonitoringandTreatmentPlanforeachprojectcomponent11thatispreparedbyaCPUC‐approvedpaleontologicalconsultant(MMCR‐12)totheCPUCfor12approval.ThisplanwillbeadaptedfromtheSocietyofVertebratePaleontology’sStandard13ProceduresfortheAssessmentandMitigationofAdverseImpactstoPaleontologicalResources14(2010)tospecificallyaddresseachprojectcomponent.Inaddition,theplanwill,atminimum:1516

Includealistofpersonneltowhichtheplanapplies.17

Describethecriteriausedtodeterminewhetheranencounteredresourceissignificantand18ifitshouldbeavoidedorrecovered.19

Identifyconstructionandrestorationimpactareasofmoderatetohighsensitivityfor20encounteringpaleontologicalresourcesandtheshallowestdepthsatwhichthoseresources21maybeencountered.22

Describemethodsofrecovery,preparation,andanalysisofspecimens,finalcurationof23specimensatafederallyaccreditedrepository,dataanalysis,andreporting.24

Identifyareaswithmoderatetohighsensitivityforencounteringpaleontologicalresources25andtheshallowestdepthsatwhichthoseresourcesmaybeencountered.26

Brieflyidentifyanddescribethetypesofpaleontologicalresourcesthatmaybe27encountered.28

Identifytheelementsofasitethatwillleadtoitrequiringprotectionandmitigationand29identifymitigationthatwillapply.30

Describemonitoringproceduresthatwilltakeplaceforeachcomponentoftheprojectthat31requiresmonitoring.32

Describehowoftenmonitoringwilloccur(e.g.,full‐time,parttime,spotchecking),aswellas33thecircumstancesunderwhichmonitoringwillbeincreasedordecreased.34

Describethecircumstancesthatwillresultinthehaltingofwork.35

Describetheproceduresforhaltingworkandnotificationproceduresforconstructionand36restorationcrews.37

Includetestingandevaluationproceduresforresourcesencountered.38

Describeproceduresforcuratinganycollectedmaterials.39

OutlinecoordinationstrategiestoensurethatCPUC‐approvedpaleontologicalconsultant40(MMCR‐12)conductfull‐timemonitoringofallgradingactivitiesinsedimentsdetermined41tohaveamoderatetohighsensitivity.42

Includereportingprocedures.43

Includecontactinformationforthosetobenotifiedorreportedto.12Forsedimentsofloworundeterminedsensitivity,theplanwillspecifywhatlevelofmonitoringis3necessary.Sedimentswithnosensitivitywillnotrequirepaleontologicalmonitoring.Theplanwill4definespecificconditionsinwhichmonitoringofearthworkactivitiescouldbereducedand/or5depthcriteriaestablishedtotriggermonitoring.Thesefactorswillbedefinedbyanapproved6(MMCR‐12)paleontologist.78MMCR‐12:QualifiedPaleontologicalConsultants.Theapplicantwillretaintheservicesof9qualifiedprofessionalpaleontologicalconsultantswithknowledgeofthelocalpaleontologyandthe10minimumlevelsofexperienceandexpertiseasdefinedbytheSocietyofVertebratePaleontology’s11StandardProceduresfortheAssessmentandMitigationofAdverseImpactstoPaleontological12Resources(2010).Theresumesandsupportinginformationforeachpaleontologicalconsultantwill13besubmittedtotheCPUCforapproval.Atleastonequalifiedpaleontologicalconsultantmustbe14approvedbytheCPUCpriortostartofconstruction.1516MMCR‐13:PaleontologyConstructionMonitoring.BasedonthePaleontologicalMonitoringand17TreatmentPlans,SCEwillconductpaleontologicalmonitoringusingCPUC‐approved18paleontologicalconsultant(MMCR‐12).Thiswillincludemonitoringanyground‐disturbingactivity19duringconstructionandrestorationinareasdeterminedtohavehighpaleontologicalsensitivity20andthathavethepotentialtobeshallowenoughtobeadverselyaffectedbysuchearthworkas21determinedbytheCPUC‐approvedpaleontologicalconsultant.2223MMCR‐14:StopWorkforUnanticipatedPaleontologicalDiscoveries.Ifpreviouslyunidentified24paleontologicalresourcesareuncoveredduringimplementationoftheproject,theapplicantwill25ensurethatground‐disturbingworkishaltedordivertedfromthediscoverytoanotherlocation.A26CPUC‐approvedpaleontologicalconsultantwillinspectthediscoveryanddeterminewhether27furtherinvestigationisrequired.Ifthediscoveryissignificantbutcanbeavoided,andnofurther28impactswilloccur,theresourcewillbedocumentedintheappropriatepaleontologicalresource29recordsandnofurthereffortwillberequired.Iftheresourceissignificantbutcannotbeavoided30andmaybesubjecttofurtherimpact,theCPUC‐approvedpaleontologicalconsultant(MMCR‐12)31willevaluatethesignificanceoftheresourceandimplementappropriatemeasuresinaccordance32withthePaleontologicalMonitoringandTreatmentPlans.3334MMCR‐15:CulturalandPaleontologicalResourcesTrainingRequirements.Priortostartof35construction,allconstructionandrestorationpersonnelinvolvedinground‐disturbingactivities36andthesupervisionofsuchactivitieswillundergoworkerenvironmentalawarenesstraining.The37culturalandpaleontologicalresourcestrainingcomponentsofwillbepresentedbyaCPUC‐38approvedculturalresourcesconsultant(MMCR‐3)andCPUC‐approvedpaleontologicalconsultant39(MMCR‐12).Thetrainingwilldescribetheroleofculturalandpaleontologicalresourcesmonitors;40roleofNativeAmericanmonitors(ifapplicable);thetypesofculturalandpaleontologicalresources41thatmaybefoundintheproposedprojectareaandhowtorecognizesuchresources;theprotocols42tobefollowedifculturalorpaleontologicalresourcesarefound,includingcommunication43protocols;andthelawsrelevanttotheprotectionofculturalandpaleontologicalresourcesandthe44associatedpenaltiesforbreakingtheselaws.Additionally,priortoconstruction,CPUC‐approved45culturalandpaleontologicalresourcesconsultantswillmeetwiththeapplicant’sgradingand46excavationcontractorstoprovidecommentsandsuggestionsconcerningmonitoringplansandto47discussexcavationandgradingplans.48

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