Post on 14-Apr-2018
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
1/50
America Becomes a World
Power
American Imperialism 1872-1912
Developed by Brittany BurnsAlgonquin Regional High SchoolNorthborough, MA
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
2/50
Post-It Opinions
On your Post-It:
1) Write whether you STRONGLY AGREE,AGREE, DISAGREE, or STRONGLYDISAGREE with the statements around theroom
2) Explain why you feel this way
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
3/50
Foreign Policy Spectrum
Step 1 (Start)= Isolationism
Step 2= Trade Partnership
Step 3= Collective Security Step 4= Globalism
Step 5= Internationalism
Step 6 (End)= Imperialism
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
4/50
Building Support for Imperialism
1)A Desire for New Markets Imperialism economic and political
domination of a strong country over aweaker one
Countries expanded for raw materials,overseas markets, & new investmentopportunities
Countries had to protect investmentsSet up Protectorates imperial power
allows locals to rule
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
5/50
2. Feelings of Cultural Superiority
Social Darwinism meant that onlystrongest nations will survive
Anglo-Saxonism was an extension ofManifest Destiny
Said that English-speaking countrieshad superior ideas, character,
& governments and were
destined to rule the planet Spreading Christianity
The White Mans Burden
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
6/50
Expanding American Influence
Expansion in the Pacific
Opening Japan In 1852, Cmdre.
Matthew C. Perrygoes to Japan &forces Japanese tobegin trading with
U.S. Convinced
Japanese toindustrialize & build
a modern navy
1
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
7/50
Northwest Expansion
In March 1867, the U.S purchased Alaskafrom Russia for $7.2 million in gold
Alaska remained a territory of the United
States until 1959 when it became the 49thstate
2
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
8/50
Annexing Hawaii
Early American interest
Great Pacific port halfway to China/Japan Sugarcane Plantations
Native Hawaiians felt their monarchy was
controlled by American planters
In 1891, Queen Liliuokalani became ruler
Disliked power of American planters Tried to reassert the power of Hawaiian monarchy
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
9/50
In 1893, U.S. sentmarines to help a
group of plantersforce the queenoff her throne
Queen lost herpower
In 1898, Hawaiiwas annexed &
became an officialU.S. territory
Became a state in1959 (50th)
3
4
3
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
10/50
Pause to Process
Lets place these events on our Foreign
Policy Spectrum
Opening Japan
Purchase of Alaska
Annexation of Hawaii
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
11/50
Trade & Diplomacy in Latin America
U.S. wanted to increase business w/Latin America & wanted Europe to seeU.S. as the dominant American country
James G. Blaine, Secretary of State in1880s
Promoted idea ofPan-Americanism whereAmerican countries would work together to
promote peace & trade Created the Organization of AmericanStates to reduce tariffs & settle disputes
Congressman Henry Cabot Lodge=
increase navy
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
12/50
Pause to Process
What motivated the U.S. to expand in thePacific & Latin America?
What methods did the U.S. use toexpand?
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
13/50
The Spanish-American War
The Coming of War Cuba was one of Spains oldest sugar colonies
Cubans work as slaves to Spanish until 1886
In 1868, Cubans rebel, but it was squashedquickly
Many Cubans fled to the U.S. to plan a newrevolution
Jose Marti moved to New York City to plan &raise money for Cuban independence
By 1890, U.S. & Cuba were closely linkedeconomically
Cuba exported sugar to U.S.; U.S. invested >$50
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
14/50
In 1895, Marti returned to Cuba &launched a rebellion
Rebels seized control of eastern Cuba &declared independence
Spanish send General Valeriano
Weylerto control rebels The Butcher
Reconcentration Camps
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
15/50
At first, U.S. was neutral about Cubanrebellion, but pretty soon Americanssupport it
Yellow Journalism~Journalists told exaggerated
stories of Spanish atrocities William Randolph Hearst
of the New York Journal
Joseph Pulitzer
of the New York World Hearst supposedly told a photographer for his
paper, You furnish the pictures, Ill furnish the
war.
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
16/50
McKinley sent the U.S.S.Maine to evacuate
Americans from Cuba On February 15, 1898, the
Maine mysteriouslyexploded in Havana Harbor
Yellow journalists blamedSpanish & cause hysteria Remember the Maine
Congress authorized $50 million
for war but McKinley wouldntdo it
Theodore Roosevelt wantedwar, felt McKinley had no morebackbone than an clair.
5
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
17/50
Pause to Process: Becoming ayellow journalist
-Read the excerpt of yellow journalism on the next slide.
-On the following slide look at the yellow political cartoon.
Answer the following questions for EACH in your notes
1) What did the reporter try to make you feel orthink? What was his bias or angle?
2) What methods did he use? (Specific
descriptions, images, etc.)3) Is this a reliable primary source? Why or why
not?
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
18/50
HUNGRY, FRANTIC FLAMES. They leap madlyupon the splendid palace by the Bay of Monterey,encircling del Monte in their ravenous embracefrom pinnacle to foundation. Leaping higher,
higher, higher, with desperate desire. Runningmadly riotous through cornice, archway andfacade. Rushing in upon the trembling guests withsavage fury. Appalled and panic-stricken thebreathless fugitives gaze upon the scene of
Terror. The magnificent hotel and its richadornments are now a smoldering heap of ashes.
Arrival of the unfortunate victims on the morning'strain -- A History of Hotel del Monte -- The plansfor rebuilding the celebrated hostelry -- Particularsand supposed origin of the fire unknown.
Hearst wrote the following about ahotel fire in the Examiner:
6
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
19/50
7
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
20/50
The Editors to BlameNow wars are never started by those who eventually fight them.
And profit is often gained by those who plot and intrigue to ignitethem.Now take the recent struggle twixt America and Spain.
When all is said and all is done, theres only one man to blame.Chorus
Editor, Editor, we all know your name.Editor, Editor, youre the man to blame. (Repeat)
He saw his circulation, sinking mighty low,
So he says we need a yarn to put us on the go.Then he looked at Cuba, and then he looked at Spain,
He says Ill tell the world and God, of Cubas tragic shame.Chorus
8
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
21/50
And so he wrote of pain and tear, of anguish and despair,Taxes made and orphans made, and print both bold and bare.
He wrote of bleeding Cuba, he wrote of cruel Spain,He says that we should intervene in Christianitys name.Chorus
And when the country was aroused, as much as we could be,He scribbled off his masterpiece, enthusiastically.
He took his yellow-quilted pen, and then with great disdainHe wrote editorial, and sunk the goodship, Maine.
ChorusThis fellow made a lot of money from the Little war,
And after it was over, boys, he made a whole lot more.Newspapers all around the land, bear his famous name,
But it all began the day this man, sunk the goodship, MaineChorus
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
22/50
Become a Yellow Journalist!
Find a partner
You & your partner will each be given anentry from the local town police blotter in
the newspaper Together, write a 1 page yellow news
article or draw a cartoon based on your
blotterthink about the tools and methodsused by the yellow journalists you read
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
23/50
War on two fronts April 19, 1898 Congress declared Cuba
independent5 days later, Spain declared waron U.S.
Pacific War Guam & Philippines
Enlisted help of Filipino rebels led by EmilioAguinaldo
Caribbean WarCuba
8
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
24/50
Rough Riders
Volunteer cavalry
led by TheodoreRoosevelt
Play a key role indefeating the
Spanish in Cubaat the Battles ofSan Juan andSantiago
9th & 10th CavalryRegiments wereall-Black & crucial
to U.S. victory 10
9
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
25/50
Pause to Process
What were American motives for takingcontrol of Cuba and the Philippines?
What are some reasons to remain incontrol of these countries after theSpanish- American War is over?
What are some reasons to give thesecountries their independence after thewar?
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
26/50
What is givingcontrol of thePhilippines
back to Spainbeing
compared tohere?
11
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
27/50
An American Empire is Born
What to do with new American territories? Cuba= granted independence
Puerto Rico & Guam= annexed
Annexation: Become an official territory undercomplete control of U.S.
Philippines=??????
Should the U.S. remain true to republican ideals& let the Filipinos rule an independent country,
OR should the U.S. become an imperial power &
annex the Philippines?
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
28/50
The Debate Over thePhilippines
SUPPORTAnnexation Military benefits= Gave
U.S. a naval base inAsia
Economic benefits=Easier access toChinese markets
Cultural benefits=
Chance for Anglo-Saxonism & tocivilize
AGAINSTAnnexation Cost of empire
outweighed benefits
Cheap Filipino labor
would drive downAmerican wages
Violated Americasrepublican principles
Included AndrewCarnegie, Jane
Addams, & SamuelGompers
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
29/50
In the end, it was President McKinleys decisionhe
decided to annex the Philippines
His reasoning: Couldnt give them back to Spain b/c it would be
cowardly & dishonorable
Couldnt turn them over to France or Germany b/c it
would be bad for business
Couldnt leave them to themselves b/c they were
unfit for self-government
Sothe only choice was to take them and educate,uplift, civilize, & Christianize them
U.S. paid Spain $20 million for the Philippines
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
30/50
Rebellion in the Philippines
Aguinaldo led Filipino rebel troops inuprising against the U.S.
General Arthur MacArthur used many ofWeylers techniques on Filipinos (including
reconcentration camps) Governor William HowardTaft tried to win overthe Filipinos w/ social
improvements Aguinaldo captured in 1901& rebellion ends
Philippines become
independent country in 1946
8
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
31/50
U.S. in the Caribbean
Governing Puerto Rico
Foraker Act makes P.R. anunincorporated territory
Not U.S. citizens No constitutional rights
Congress could pass any laws they liked
Today, Puerto Rico is still considered anunincorporated territory
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
32/50
U.S. & Cuba
Platt Amendment Cuba could not make treaties that
would weaken independence or allow
a foreign nation to gain Cuban territory U.S. could buy or lease naval stations
Guantanamo Bay
Cubas debts had to be kept low U.S. had the right to intervene
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
33/50
Pause to Process: Primary Sources
Follow the directions on your source:
RAM-QC your quotes
Later, you will join people with the same
position & share with the class
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
34/50
Primary Source Questions
What did supporters of American expansionargue? How did anti-imperialists respond totheir arguments?
How did economic interest, ideology, andstrategic interest encourage Americanimperialism?
What principles should govern Americanforeign policy?
When should the United States interfere in
the internal affairs of a foreign country?
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
35/50
New American Diplomacy
The Election of 1900
Democrats= William Jennings Bryan (again)
Anti-imperialist
Republicans= President William McKinley (2ndterm)
Four more years of a full dinner pail
VP= Theodore Roosevelt (T.R. from now on) McKinley winsassassinated in 1901 & T.R.
becomes President
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
36/50
Roosevelts
Presidency
Overcame asickly childhood
Strong proponentof increasing
American power
Accepted someAnglo-Saxonism
ideals Duty to shape
less-civilized12
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
37/50
Big Stick Diplomacy
T.R.s philosophy on foreign relationscame from an old African proverb:
Speak softly, and carry abig stick.
Believed in a strong global militarypresence & involvement to show
Americas power
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
38/50
American Diplomacy in Asia The Open Door
Policy
Sino-Japanese War=China vs. Japan over
Korea Japan seize Manchuria,but forced to give it backto China by Russia
Russia then rents
Manchuria European countries set
up spheres ofinfluence in China
13
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
39/50
Worried that U.S. would lose its
influence in China, McKinleypushed nations to accept the OpenDoor Policy
All nations would be allowed to freelytrade with China
Everyone accepted it, but no one
accepted it
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
40/50
The Boxer Rebellion 1900- Chinese wanted to kick out foreigners
Over 200 people killed
U.S. tried to convince European countries NOTto use rebellion as a reason to shut Chinasdoors
Balancing Power in East Asia T.R. worked to prevent countries from
monopolizing China
Negotiated a treaty between Russia and Japan in1905
Won Nobel Peace Prize in 1906
Relationship between the U.S. and Japan goes
downhill The Great White Fleet
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
41/50
Pause to Process
Foreign Policy Spectrum
Where should the Open Door Policy &
situation in China go? Why?
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
42/50
A Growing Presence in CentralAmerica
The Panama Canal
In 1901, U.S. & Britain sign Hay-PaunceforthTreaty giving U.S. rights to build a canal in
Central America Panama under control of Colombia
French company tried to build canal but ran out of$$ & workers died from disease
In 1903, U.S. agrees to buy building rights
U.S. offers Colombia $10 million + $250,000per year (rent)
Colombia refuses
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
43/50
Revolt in Panama
Panamanians wanted toprotect commercial
interests November 3, 1903=
Panama claimsindependence
U.S. recognizesindependence
Panama and U.S. sign treatyto build canal
T.R. sends military to
intimidate Colombians &prevent them from controllingPanamanian rebels
Many rejected T.R.s
actions in Panama Too aggressive
14
15
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
44/50
Pause to Process
Were U.S. actions in Panama right? Whyor why not? (Think about both sides---Colombias side & Panamas side)
Foreign Policy Spectrum
Where should the situation with Panama &
Colombia go?
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
45/50
Expanding Big Stick Diplomacy Roosevelt Corollary added to the Monroe
Doctrine Said the U.S. would interfere in Latin America
affairs when necessary to maintain economicand political stability
Keep Europeans out of Latin America First used in the Dominican Republic
Dollar Diplomacywas President Tafts
version (used in Nicaragua) U.S. business would invest $$$ into overseas
business to improve conditions & increase U.S.influence
Substituting dollars for bullets.
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
46/50
Pause to Process: Sum it Up
Fill in the following chart:
Open Door
Policy
Big Stick
Diplomacy
Roosevelt
Corollary
Dollar
Diplomacy
Who cameup with it?
Where was
it used?
What did it
say? What
was its
purpose?
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
47/50
Open Door
Policy
Big Stick
Diplomacy
Roosevelt
Corollary
Dollar
Diplomacy
Who cameup with it?
WilliamMcKinley
TeddyRoosevelt
TeddyRoosevelt
William H.Taft
Where was
it used?
China Panama,
etc.
Dominican
Republic
Nicaragua
What did it
say? What
was itspurpose?
Keep China
open to all
nations for
trade
maintain U.S.
influence in
China
Use military
presence to
keep power
Speak softly
& carry a big
stick
U.S. could
intervene in
Latin
American
affairskeep
Europeans
out of
Americas
U.S.
businesses
would invest
in other
nations
industry
increase U.S.
economic
influence
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
48/50
Simile activity
You and your group will be assigned one of theforeign policy incidents we have studied in thisunit
Gather your notes & resources about this event
Together, you will create a simile for the eventand draw a cartoon depicting your comparisonon your poster paper
Explain WHY this simile is applicable
Remember, similes use LIKE or AS
Example= U.S. intervention in Iraq was like a schoolyardbully stealing lunch money from another kid.
Bibli h
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
49/50
Bibliography1) Matthew Perry in Japan. Yokoso Japan! Japan National Tourism Organization. 18 July 2009
.2) Alaskan Bears. Cleveland Travel Blog. 16 Mar. 2008. The Plain Dealer. 18 July 2009
.
3) Queen Lydia Kamakaeha Lili'uokalani. Hawaii's Last Queen. University of San DiegoHistory Department. 18 July 2009.
4) Maui "Ceded" Lands Demonstration. 26 Aug. 1995. Lanai, Maui, Hawaii. Maui "Ceded"Lands Demonstration. Hawaiian Independence Party. 18 July 2009 .
5) "U.S.S. Maine." Cartoon. Sinking of the U.S.S. Maine. United States Naval HistoricalCenter. 18 July 2009.
6) Hearst, William R. "Hungry, Frantic Flames." The Examiner [San Francisco] 1887: 1.7) Hearst, William R. "Weyler the Butcher." Cartoon. Crucible of Empire: The Spanish-
American War. PBS. 18 July 2009 .8) Emilio Aguinaldo. Philippine History. 18 July 2009 .9) Roosevelt and his Rough Riders atop San Juan Hill. 1898. Cuba. Prologue Magazine. 1998.
The National Archives. 18 July 2009.10) Colonel Theodore Roosevelt. 1898. UVS. The United States Volunteers - Joint Services Command. 18
7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power
50/50
11) "What Will He Do?" Cartoon. Minneapolis Tribune 1898.
12) Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt High School. 18 July 2009.
13) "Growth of Japanese Empire." Map. Japan. California State University at Chico. 18July 2009.
14) "Diagram of the Panama Canal." Map. Man-Made Wonders. Concordia University. 18July 2009 .
15) Panama Canal..
Appleby, Janet. The American Vision Modern Times, Massachusetts Edition. New York:McGraw-Hill/Glencoe, 2006.