01aAmerica Becomes a World Power

7/30/2019 01aAmerica Becomes a World Power

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America Becomes a World

Power

American Imperialism 1872-1912

Developed by Brittany BurnsAlgonquin Regional High SchoolNorthborough, MA


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Post-It Opinions

On your Post-It:

1) Write whether you STRONGLY AGREE,AGREE, DISAGREE, or STRONGLYDISAGREE with the statements around theroom

2) Explain why you feel this way


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Foreign Policy Spectrum

Step 1 (Start)= Isolationism

Step 2= Trade Partnership

Step 3= Collective Security Step 4= Globalism

Step 5= Internationalism

Step 6 (End)= Imperialism


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Building Support for Imperialism

1)A Desire for New Markets Imperialism economic and political

domination of a strong country over aweaker one

Countries expanded for raw materials,overseas markets, & new investmentopportunities

Countries had to protect investmentsSet up Protectorates imperial power

allows locals to rule


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2. Feelings of Cultural Superiority

Social Darwinism meant that onlystrongest nations will survive

Anglo-Saxonism was an extension ofManifest Destiny

Said that English-speaking countrieshad superior ideas, character,

& governments and were

destined to rule the planet Spreading Christianity

The White Mans Burden


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Expanding American Influence

Expansion in the Pacific

Opening Japan In 1852, Cmdre.

Matthew C. Perrygoes to Japan &forces Japanese tobegin trading with

U.S. Convinced

Japanese toindustrialize & build

a modern navy

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Northwest Expansion

In March 1867, the U.S purchased Alaskafrom Russia for $7.2 million in gold

Alaska remained a territory of the United

States until 1959 when it became the 49thstate

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Annexing Hawaii

Early American interest

Great Pacific port halfway to China/Japan Sugarcane Plantations

Native Hawaiians felt their monarchy was

controlled by American planters

In 1891, Queen Liliuokalani became ruler

Disliked power of American planters Tried to reassert the power of Hawaiian monarchy


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In 1893, U.S. sentmarines to help a

group of plantersforce the queenoff her throne

Queen lost herpower

In 1898, Hawaiiwas annexed &

became an officialU.S. territory

Became a state in1959 (50th)

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4

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Pause to Process

Lets place these events on our Foreign

Policy Spectrum

Opening Japan

Purchase of Alaska

Annexation of Hawaii


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Trade & Diplomacy in Latin America

U.S. wanted to increase business w/Latin America & wanted Europe to seeU.S. as the dominant American country

James G. Blaine, Secretary of State in1880s

Promoted idea ofPan-Americanism whereAmerican countries would work together to

promote peace & trade Created the Organization of AmericanStates to reduce tariffs & settle disputes

Congressman Henry Cabot Lodge=

increase navy


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Pause to Process

What motivated the U.S. to expand in thePacific & Latin America?

What methods did the U.S. use toexpand?


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The Spanish-American War

The Coming of War Cuba was one of Spains oldest sugar colonies

Cubans work as slaves to Spanish until 1886

In 1868, Cubans rebel, but it was squashedquickly

Many Cubans fled to the U.S. to plan a newrevolution

Jose Marti moved to New York City to plan &raise money for Cuban independence

By 1890, U.S. & Cuba were closely linkedeconomically

Cuba exported sugar to U.S.; U.S. invested >$50


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In 1895, Marti returned to Cuba &launched a rebellion

Rebels seized control of eastern Cuba &declared independence

Spanish send General Valeriano

Weylerto control rebels The Butcher

Reconcentration Camps


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At first, U.S. was neutral about Cubanrebellion, but pretty soon Americanssupport it

Yellow Journalism~Journalists told exaggerated

stories of Spanish atrocities William Randolph Hearst

of the New York Journal

Joseph Pulitzer

of the New York World Hearst supposedly told a photographer for his

paper, You furnish the pictures, Ill furnish the

war.


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McKinley sent the U.S.S.Maine to evacuate

Americans from Cuba On February 15, 1898, the

Maine mysteriouslyexploded in Havana Harbor

Yellow journalists blamedSpanish & cause hysteria Remember the Maine

Congress authorized $50 million

for war but McKinley wouldntdo it

Theodore Roosevelt wantedwar, felt McKinley had no morebackbone than an clair.

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Pause to Process: Becoming ayellow journalist

-Read the excerpt of yellow journalism on the next slide.

-On the following slide look at the yellow political cartoon.

Answer the following questions for EACH in your notes

1) What did the reporter try to make you feel orthink? What was his bias or angle?

2) What methods did he use? (Specific

descriptions, images, etc.)3) Is this a reliable primary source? Why or why

not?


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HUNGRY, FRANTIC FLAMES. They leap madlyupon the splendid palace by the Bay of Monterey,encircling del Monte in their ravenous embracefrom pinnacle to foundation. Leaping higher,

higher, higher, with desperate desire. Runningmadly riotous through cornice, archway andfacade. Rushing in upon the trembling guests withsavage fury. Appalled and panic-stricken thebreathless fugitives gaze upon the scene of

Terror. The magnificent hotel and its richadornments are now a smoldering heap of ashes.

Arrival of the unfortunate victims on the morning'strain -- A History of Hotel del Monte -- The plansfor rebuilding the celebrated hostelry -- Particularsand supposed origin of the fire unknown.

Hearst wrote the following about ahotel fire in the Examiner:

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The Editors to BlameNow wars are never started by those who eventually fight them.

And profit is often gained by those who plot and intrigue to ignitethem.Now take the recent struggle twixt America and Spain.

When all is said and all is done, theres only one man to blame.Chorus

Editor, Editor, we all know your name.Editor, Editor, youre the man to blame. (Repeat)

He saw his circulation, sinking mighty low,

So he says we need a yarn to put us on the go.Then he looked at Cuba, and then he looked at Spain,

He says Ill tell the world and God, of Cubas tragic shame.Chorus

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And so he wrote of pain and tear, of anguish and despair,Taxes made and orphans made, and print both bold and bare.

He wrote of bleeding Cuba, he wrote of cruel Spain,He says that we should intervene in Christianitys name.Chorus

And when the country was aroused, as much as we could be,He scribbled off his masterpiece, enthusiastically.

He took his yellow-quilted pen, and then with great disdainHe wrote editorial, and sunk the goodship, Maine.

ChorusThis fellow made a lot of money from the Little war,

And after it was over, boys, he made a whole lot more.Newspapers all around the land, bear his famous name,

But it all began the day this man, sunk the goodship, MaineChorus


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Become a Yellow Journalist!

Find a partner

You & your partner will each be given anentry from the local town police blotter in

the newspaper Together, write a 1 page yellow news

article or draw a cartoon based on your

blotterthink about the tools and methodsused by the yellow journalists you read


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War on two fronts April 19, 1898 Congress declared Cuba

independent5 days later, Spain declared waron U.S.

Pacific War Guam & Philippines

Enlisted help of Filipino rebels led by EmilioAguinaldo

Caribbean WarCuba

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Rough Riders

Volunteer cavalry

led by TheodoreRoosevelt

Play a key role indefeating the

Spanish in Cubaat the Battles ofSan Juan andSantiago

9th & 10th CavalryRegiments wereall-Black & crucial

to U.S. victory 10

9


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Pause to Process

What were American motives for takingcontrol of Cuba and the Philippines?

What are some reasons to remain incontrol of these countries after theSpanish- American War is over?

What are some reasons to give thesecountries their independence after thewar?


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What is givingcontrol of thePhilippines

back to Spainbeing

compared tohere?

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An American Empire is Born

What to do with new American territories? Cuba= granted independence

Puerto Rico & Guam= annexed

Annexation: Become an official territory undercomplete control of U.S.

Philippines=??????

Should the U.S. remain true to republican ideals& let the Filipinos rule an independent country,

OR should the U.S. become an imperial power &

annex the Philippines?


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The Debate Over thePhilippines

SUPPORTAnnexation Military benefits= Gave

U.S. a naval base inAsia

Economic benefits=Easier access toChinese markets

Cultural benefits=

Chance for Anglo-Saxonism & tocivilize

AGAINSTAnnexation Cost of empire

outweighed benefits

Cheap Filipino labor

would drive downAmerican wages

Violated Americasrepublican principles

Included AndrewCarnegie, Jane

Addams, & SamuelGompers


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In the end, it was President McKinleys decisionhe

decided to annex the Philippines

His reasoning: Couldnt give them back to Spain b/c it would be

cowardly & dishonorable

Couldnt turn them over to France or Germany b/c it

would be bad for business

Couldnt leave them to themselves b/c they were

unfit for self-government

Sothe only choice was to take them and educate,uplift, civilize, & Christianize them

U.S. paid Spain $20 million for the Philippines


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Rebellion in the Philippines

Aguinaldo led Filipino rebel troops inuprising against the U.S.

General Arthur MacArthur used many ofWeylers techniques on Filipinos (including

reconcentration camps) Governor William HowardTaft tried to win overthe Filipinos w/ social

improvements Aguinaldo captured in 1901& rebellion ends

Philippines become

independent country in 1946

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U.S. in the Caribbean

Governing Puerto Rico

Foraker Act makes P.R. anunincorporated territory

Not U.S. citizens No constitutional rights

Congress could pass any laws they liked

Today, Puerto Rico is still considered anunincorporated territory


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U.S. & Cuba

Platt Amendment Cuba could not make treaties that

would weaken independence or allow

a foreign nation to gain Cuban territory U.S. could buy or lease naval stations

Guantanamo Bay

Cubas debts had to be kept low U.S. had the right to intervene


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Pause to Process: Primary Sources

Follow the directions on your source:

RAM-QC your quotes

Later, you will join people with the same

position & share with the class


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Primary Source Questions

What did supporters of American expansionargue? How did anti-imperialists respond totheir arguments?

How did economic interest, ideology, andstrategic interest encourage Americanimperialism?

What principles should govern Americanforeign policy?

When should the United States interfere in

the internal affairs of a foreign country?


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New American Diplomacy

The Election of 1900

Democrats= William Jennings Bryan (again)

Anti-imperialist

Republicans= President William McKinley (2ndterm)

Four more years of a full dinner pail

VP= Theodore Roosevelt (T.R. from now on) McKinley winsassassinated in 1901 & T.R.

becomes President


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Roosevelts

Presidency

Overcame asickly childhood

Strong proponentof increasing

American power

Accepted someAnglo-Saxonism

ideals Duty to shape

less-civilized12


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Big Stick Diplomacy

T.R.s philosophy on foreign relationscame from an old African proverb:

Speak softly, and carry abig stick.

Believed in a strong global militarypresence & involvement to show

Americas power


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American Diplomacy in Asia The Open Door

Policy

Sino-Japanese War=China vs. Japan over

Korea Japan seize Manchuria,but forced to give it backto China by Russia

Russia then rents

Manchuria European countries set

up spheres ofinfluence in China

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Worried that U.S. would lose its

influence in China, McKinleypushed nations to accept the OpenDoor Policy

All nations would be allowed to freelytrade with China

Everyone accepted it, but no one

accepted it


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The Boxer Rebellion 1900- Chinese wanted to kick out foreigners

Over 200 people killed

U.S. tried to convince European countries NOTto use rebellion as a reason to shut Chinasdoors

Balancing Power in East Asia T.R. worked to prevent countries from

monopolizing China

Negotiated a treaty between Russia and Japan in1905

Won Nobel Peace Prize in 1906

Relationship between the U.S. and Japan goes

downhill The Great White Fleet


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Pause to Process


Where should the Open Door Policy &

situation in China go? Why?


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A Growing Presence in CentralAmerica

The Panama Canal

In 1901, U.S. & Britain sign Hay-PaunceforthTreaty giving U.S. rights to build a canal in

Central America Panama under control of Colombia

French company tried to build canal but ran out of$$ & workers died from disease

In 1903, U.S. agrees to buy building rights

U.S. offers Colombia $10 million + $250,000per year (rent)

Colombia refuses


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Revolt in Panama

Panamanians wanted toprotect commercial

interests November 3, 1903=

Panama claimsindependence

U.S. recognizesindependence

Panama and U.S. sign treatyto build canal

T.R. sends military to

intimidate Colombians &prevent them from controllingPanamanian rebels

Many rejected T.R.s

actions in Panama Too aggressive

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Pause to Process

Were U.S. actions in Panama right? Whyor why not? (Think about both sides---Colombias side & Panamas side)


Where should the situation with Panama &

Colombia go?


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Expanding Big Stick Diplomacy Roosevelt Corollary added to the Monroe

Doctrine Said the U.S. would interfere in Latin America

affairs when necessary to maintain economicand political stability

Keep Europeans out of Latin America First used in the Dominican Republic

Dollar Diplomacywas President Tafts

version (used in Nicaragua) U.S. business would invest $$$ into overseas

business to improve conditions & increase U.S.influence

Substituting dollars for bullets.


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Pause to Process: Sum it Up

Fill in the following chart:

Open Door

Policy

Big Stick

Diplomacy

Roosevelt

Corollary

Dollar

Diplomacy

Who cameup with it?

Where was

it used?

What did it

say? What

was its

purpose?


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Open Door

Policy

Big Stick

Diplomacy

Roosevelt

Corollary

Dollar

Diplomacy

Who cameup with it?

WilliamMcKinley

TeddyRoosevelt

TeddyRoosevelt

William H.Taft

Where was

it used?

China Panama,

etc.

Dominican

Republic

Nicaragua

What did it

say? What

was itspurpose?

Keep China

open to all

nations for

trade

maintain U.S.

influence in

China

Use military

presence to

keep power

Speak softly

& carry a big

stick

U.S. could

intervene in

Latin

American

affairskeep

Europeans

out of

Americas

U.S.

businesses

would invest

in other

nations

industry

increase U.S.

economic

influence


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Simile activity

You and your group will be assigned one of theforeign policy incidents we have studied in thisunit

Gather your notes & resources about this event

Together, you will create a simile for the eventand draw a cartoon depicting your comparisonon your poster paper

Explain WHY this simile is applicable

Remember, similes use LIKE or AS

Example= U.S. intervention in Iraq was like a schoolyardbully stealing lunch money from another kid.

Bibli h


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Bibliography1) Matthew Perry in Japan. Yokoso Japan! Japan National Tourism Organization. 18 July 2009

.2) Alaskan Bears. Cleveland Travel Blog. 16 Mar. 2008. The Plain Dealer. 18 July 2009

.

3) Queen Lydia Kamakaeha Lili'uokalani. Hawaii's Last Queen. University of San DiegoHistory Department. 18 July 2009.

4) Maui "Ceded" Lands Demonstration. 26 Aug. 1995. Lanai, Maui, Hawaii. Maui "Ceded"Lands Demonstration. Hawaiian Independence Party. 18 July 2009 .

5) "U.S.S. Maine." Cartoon. Sinking of the U.S.S. Maine. United States Naval HistoricalCenter. 18 July 2009.

6) Hearst, William R. "Hungry, Frantic Flames." The Examiner [San Francisco] 1887: 1.7) Hearst, William R. "Weyler the Butcher." Cartoon. Crucible of Empire: The Spanish-

American War. PBS. 18 July 2009 .8) Emilio Aguinaldo. Philippine History. 18 July 2009 .9) Roosevelt and his Rough Riders atop San Juan Hill. 1898. Cuba. Prologue Magazine. 1998.

The National Archives. 18 July 2009.10) Colonel Theodore Roosevelt. 1898. UVS. The United States Volunteers - Joint Services Command. 18


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11) "What Will He Do?" Cartoon. Minneapolis Tribune 1898.

12) Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt High School. 18 July 2009.

13) "Growth of Japanese Empire." Map. Japan. California State University at Chico. 18July 2009.

14) "Diagram of the Panama Canal." Map. Man-Made Wonders. Concordia University. 18July 2009 .

15) Panama Canal..

Appleby, Janet. The American Vision Modern Times, Massachusetts Edition. New York:McGraw-Hill/Glencoe, 2006.

01aAmerica Becomes a World Power

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