Post on 15-Dec-2015
© 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Human Communication
Judy C. PearsonPaul E. Nelson
Scott TitsworthLynn Harter
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© 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
PART ONE
Fundamentals of Communication Studies
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• Chapter Summary
Listening and Critical Thinking
• What is Listening?• The Importance of Listening in Our Lives• Four Types of Listening: Active, Empathic, Cri
tical, and Enjoyment• Barriers to Listening• A Strategy for Becoming a Better Listener
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5CHAPTER
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What is Listening?
• Hearing is the act of receiving sound.
• Listening is the active process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages.
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The Importance of Listening in Our Lives
• According to studies, we spend over half of our time (53 percent) listening either to the mass media or to other people.
• Listening helps us build and maintain relationships.
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The Importance of Listening in Our Lives
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Figure 5.1: Proportions of time spent by college students in communication activities.
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The Importance of Listening in Our Lives
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• The Listening Process
• Listening is directly connected to our ability to think about and remember information.
• We receive stimuli in the ear, translate the vibrations into sensations registered by the brain, and translate them into meaning.
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The Importance of Listening in Our Lives
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Figure 5.2: The listening process.
Insert Figure 5.2 Here
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The Importance of Listening in Our Lives
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• The Listening Process
• Attention
• Working Memory
• Short-Term Memory
• Long-Term Recall
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Four Types of Listening
• Active Listening
• Empathic Listening
• Critical Listening
• Listening for Enjoyment
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Barriers to Listening
• Physical Distractions
• Mental Distractions
• Factual Distractions
• Semantic Distractions
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• Noise
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Barriers to Listening
• Status
• Stereotypes
• Sights and Sounds
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• Perception of Others
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Barriers to Listening
• Egocentrism
• Defensiveness
• Experiential Superiority
• Personal Bias
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• Yourself
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A Strategy for Becoming a Better Listener
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• General Strategies
• Listen and Think Critically
• Use Verbal Communication Effectively
• Use Nonverbal Communication Effectively
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A Strategy for Becoming a Better Listener
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• Strategies for Specific Situations
• Effective Listening in Personal Relationships
• Effective Listening in Professional Situations
• Effective Listening in Classroom Situations
• Effective Listening for Mediated Communication
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A Strategy for Becoming a Better Listener
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Table 5.2: Common Lecture Cues Used by Teachers.
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