Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P...
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![Page 1: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Human CommunicationTHIRD EDITION
◄ Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter ►
C H A P T E R
The Dynamics ofSmall-Group Communication
N I N E
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
![Page 2: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄ 2Chapter 9 Objectives
• Define small-group communication and state why it is important
• Recognize different types of groups
• Define leadership and explain its relevance to small-group communication
• Explain how culture develops in small groups
![Page 3: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄ 3Chapter 9 Objectives
• Identify steps in the small-group decision-making process
• Discuss how technology can be used to facilitate small-group communication
• Utilize skills necessary for effective and ethical group communication
• Recognize strategies for ethically managing group conflict
![Page 4: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄ 4Why Should You Learn About Small Groups?
• To meet our need for inclusion, affection and control
• Groups are everywhere
• To learn a highly valued skill
• To become an effective group member
• To participate in the democratic process
![Page 5: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄ 5What is Small-Group Communication?
The interaction between three to nine people who are working together to
achieve an interdependent goal
![Page 6: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄ 6Types and Functions of Small Groups
• Task-oriented groups– Secondary groups
• Relationship-oriented groups– Primary groups
• Assigned groups
• Emergent groups
![Page 7: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄ 7What is Leadership?
A process of using communication to influence the behaviors and attitudes
of others to meet group goals
![Page 8: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄ 8The Role of Leadershipin Small Groups
• Types of Small Group Leaders– Designated leaders
• Elected or appointed to a leadership position
– Emergent leaders
• Becomes an informal leader by exerting influence
![Page 9: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄ 9The Role of Leadershipin Small Groups
• Power and Group Leadership– Distributive power
– Integrative power
– Designated power
![Page 10: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄10The Role of Leadershipin Small Groups
• Sources of Power in Groups– Reward power
– Punishment power
– Coercion
– Referent power
– Expert power
![Page 11: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄11Three Approaches to Effective Leadership
• Leadership Styles
– Democratic leaders
• Encourage member participation
– Laissez-faire leaders
• Take no initiative for structuring group discussion
– Autocratic leaders
• Maintain strict control over the group
![Page 12: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄12Three Approaches to Effective Leadership
• Leadership as Communication Competence
– Focus is on communicative behaviors used to exercise influence
– Two competencies used by leaders• Task
• Interpersonal
![Page 13: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄13Three Approaches to Effective Leadership
• Leadership as Planning
– Know the task at hand
– Know the people
– Collect information
– Distribute leadership
– Organize the discussion
![Page 14: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄14Establishing Culture in Small Groups
• Group Norms– Informal rules for group interaction
![Page 15: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄15Establishing Culture in Small Groups
• Group Norms• Role Structure
– Formal and informal roles
– Behavioral functions• Task functions
• Maintenance functions
• Self-centered functions
![Page 16: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄16Establishing Culture in Small Groups
• Group Norms• Role Structure• Group Cohesiveness
– Trust, supportiveness, cohesiveness
– Groupthink
![Page 17: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄17Establishing Culture in Small Groups
• Group Norms• Role Structure• Group Cohesiveness• Group Diversity
– Within-group diversity
– Gender diversity
– Cultural diversity
![Page 18: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄18Problem Solvingand Decision Making
• Characteristics of group problem solving– Multiple perspectives
– Takes longer
– Well suited for conjunctive tasks
– More effective when the process is systematic and organized
![Page 19: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄19Problem Solvingand Decision Making
• Effective group problem solving– Wording the discussion question
• Is it a question of fact, value, or policy?
• Is it stated clearly?
• Is it measurable?
• Does it focus on the problem?
![Page 20: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄20Problem Solvingand Decision Making
• Effective group problem solving– Wording the discussion question
– Discussing criteria for judging solutions• Absolute criteria
• Important criteria
![Page 21: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄21Problem Solvingand Decision Making
• Effective group problem solving– Wording the discussion question
– Discussing criteria for judging solutions
– Identifying alternatives• Brainstorming
![Page 22: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄22Problem Solvingand Decision Making
• Effective group problem solving– Wording the discussion question
– Discussing criteria for judging solutions
– Identifying alternatives
– Evaluating alternatives
![Page 23: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄23The Functions of Group Work
• Solving problems
• Making decisions
• Negotiating conflict
• Fostering creativity
• Maintaining ties to stakeholders
![Page 24: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄24Technology and Group Communication Processes
• Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS)
– Advantages
• Anonymous and efficient
– Disadvantages
• Expensive and impractical
![Page 25: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄25Making Your Small Group Communication Effective
• Relate your statements to preceding remarks
• Use conventional word arrangements
• Speak concisely
• State one point at a time
![Page 26: Human Communication THIRD EDITION Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter C H A P T E R The Dynamics of Small-Group Communication N.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051110/55147427550346b0158b51ed/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
◄26Being an Ethical Group Member
• Be trustworthy and supportive
• Be honest and truthful
• Be thorough and unbiased when evaluating information
• Behave with integrity
• Manage group conflict ethically