Chapter 6: Statistical Inference: n-gram Models over Sparse Data TDM Seminar Jonathan Henke jhenke/Tdm/TDM-Ch6.ppt.
Conditional Random Fields: Probabilistic Models for Segmenting and Labeling Sequence Data John Lafferty Andrew McCallum Fernando Pereira.
Ngram models and the Sparsity problem John Goldsmith November 2002.
Japanese Dependency Structure Analysis Based on Maximum Entropy Models Kiyotaka Uchimoto † Satoshi Sekine ‡ Hitoshi Isahara † † Kansai Advanced Research.