1. What clan was responsible for the foundation of Mecca? A) Umayyad B) Abbasid C) Aghlabid D) Fatimid E) Unknown bedouin groups.
The Politics of Identity in Middle East International Relations.
10.2- Building a Muslim Empire & 10.3 Muslim Civilization’s Golden Age
Middle East 600-1450
ISLAM AND COMMUNISM by Stephen Suleyman Schwartz
