WRIA 8 Fish in/Fish out Monitoring WRIA 8 Fish in/Fish out Monitoring SummarySummary
Hans B. Berge
King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks
Water and Land Resources Division
Presentation to the WRIA 8 Salmon Recovery Council
17 November 2011
BackgroundBackground
Chinook listed as Chinook listed as threatenedthreatened under under ESA in 1999 in Puget Sound ESUESA in 1999 in Puget Sound ESU
Science-based conservation plan for Science-based conservation plan for WRIA 8 adopted by NOAA in 2005 WRIA 8 adopted by NOAA in 2005
Conservation Plan strongly endorses Conservation Plan strongly endorses monitoring using VSP parameters to monitoring using VSP parameters to identify goals and objectives, and to identify goals and objectives, and to measure effectiveness of plan measure effectiveness of plan implementation (this project)implementation (this project)
InterdependentInterdependent parameters for evaluating viability: parameters for evaluating viability:
Viable Salmonid PopulationViable Salmonid Population(VSP)(VSP)
AbundanceAbundance How many fish are there at various life stages?How many fish are there at various life stages?
ProductivityProductivity Is the population growing?Is the population growing?
Distribution (spatial structure)Distribution (spatial structure) Don't put all your fish in one streamDon't put all your fish in one stream
DiversityDiversity How many life history strategies are present? How many life history strategies are present?
Measures of genetic diversityMeasures of genetic diversity
MonitoringProgram
VSP Parameters
Abundance Productivity Distribution Diversity
SpawnerSurveys
Escapement,Redd counts
Estimates of total eggs,
Prespawning mortality
Relative use of streams and rivers in core, satellite and
episodic areas
Age structure, Hatchery or
Natural origin
Fry/SmoltTrapping
Juvenile abundance
Egg to smolt survival (%)
Relative comparison of Bear vs. Cedar
Fry vs. smolt numbers,
migration timing
PIT-TagMonitoring
Migration survival estimates
Relative use and importance of
migration areas
Migration timing to ocean
•1.4 M people •Ocean-type, Fall Chinook threatened in 1999•2 Chinook hatcheries (~2.5 M per year)•Mass marking began in 1999 (>95%)•Land use includes urban, ag, rural res, forest
MethodsMethods
Timing and AbundanceTiming and Abundance Biological characteristicsBiological characteristics ProductivityProductivity DiversityDiversity
Timing and AbundanceTiming and Abundance
Live counts 1x per week in all streams with ChinookLive counts 1x per week in all streams with Chinook Live and Dead countsLive and Dead counts
Carcass samplingCarcass sampling Redd Identification and location Redd Identification and location
(2-3x per week)(2-3x per week) AnalysisAnalysis
Area-under-the-curve (AUC)Area-under-the-curve (AUC) Redd counts (2.5 fish/redd) to Redd counts (2.5 fish/redd) to
reduce errorreduce error Redd density (GPS location)Redd density (GPS location)
Live Counts
Redds
Sockeye
Chinook
Presence of Hatchery Fish on Presence of Hatchery Fish on Spawning GroundsSpawning Grounds
Adipose FinAdipose Fin
Photos from NMT website: http://www.nmt-inc.com
Length, Age, and Pre-Spawn Length, Age, and Pre-Spawn Mortality (egg retention)Mortality (egg retention)
ProductivityProductivity
Potential egg deposition (#redds x fecundity) Potential egg deposition (#redds x fecundity) based on age informationbased on age information
Migrants (scoop and rotary screw traps at Migrants (scoop and rotary screw traps at mouth of Cedar River and Bear Creek)mouth of Cedar River and Bear Creek)
PIT Tagging at screw trap and interrogated PIT Tagging at screw trap and interrogated at Locksat Locks
Returning adults (unmarked component of Returning adults (unmarked component of appropriate age)appropriate age)
ResultsResults
TimingTiming
0
50
100
150
200
2501
5-A
ug
22
-Au
g
29
-Au
g
5-S
ep
12
-Sep
19
-Sep
26
-Sep
3-O
ct
10
-Oct
17
-Oct
24
-Oct
31
-Oct
7-N
ov
14
-No
v
Cedar River Bear/Cottage
AbundanceAbundanceCedar River and Bear Creek AUC Escapement Estimate
1964-2010
Broodyear
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
AU
C E
stim
ate
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Bear CreekCedar River
CompositionCompositionPercentage of marked female Chinook on the natural
spawning grounds in WRIA 8 Basins
Broodyear
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Per
cen
t
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Bear CreekCedar RiverIssaquah Creek
Pre-Spawning MortalityPre-Spawning Mortality
Marked females have a higher incidence of Marked females have a higher incidence of PSM in each basin (chi sq; P<.001)PSM in each basin (chi sq; P<.001)
7.7% vs. 22.2% of marked females 7.7% vs. 22.2% of marked females
CWT ResultsCWT Results
Hatchery strays from:Hatchery strays from: Kitsap Peninsula (Gorst Ck, Grovers Ck)Kitsap Peninsula (Gorst Ck, Grovers Ck) Cowlitz River HatcheryCowlitz River Hatchery Tulalip BayTulalip Bay University of WashingtonUniversity of Washington Issaquah Creek (majority)Issaquah Creek (majority) Elliott Bay Net pen releasesElliott Bay Net pen releases Soos CreekSoos Creek
ProductivityProductivity
What does it mean?What does it mean? Survival from life stage to life stageSurvival from life stage to life stage Full life cycle survival (redd to redd)Full life cycle survival (redd to redd) Population replacement (redd to redd Population replacement (redd to redd
ratio >1.0)ratio >1.0)
Juvenile Survival Cedar RiverJuvenile Survival Cedar River
Jan-April small fry (45mm) migration with later (May-June) larger parr (60-100mm) migration
Cedar River fry and parr survival percentages bybroodyear
Broodyear
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Per
cen
t S
urv
ival
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
FryParr
Juvenile Survival Bear CreekJuvenile Survival Bear CreekBear Creek fry and parr survival percentages by
broodyear
Broodyear
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Per
cen
t S
urv
ival
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
FryParr
Cedar River Redd to ReddCedar River Redd to ReddRedd to redd productivity for
Cedar River Chinook
Broodyear
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Pro
du
ctiv
ity
0
2
4
6
Recovery plan goal
Replacement
BenefitsBenefits Improved knowledge of speciesImproved knowledge of species Monitoring data used to focus actions in the planMonitoring data used to focus actions in the plan Auditing of restoration projectsAuditing of restoration projects
Rearing capacity limiting in the Cedar River for smolt productionRearing capacity limiting in the Cedar River for smolt production Pooling resources across jurisdictions for shared benefitsPooling resources across jurisdictions for shared benefits
In-kind contributions increasing each year for projectsIn-kind contributions increasing each year for projects Collaboration and training with the Cedar River Naturalists, Collaboration and training with the Cedar River Naturalists,
SalmonWatchers, Water Tenders, and Salmon SeesonSalmonWatchers, Water Tenders, and Salmon Seeson Raising awareness in the public by providing accurate informationRaising awareness in the public by providing accurate information
Observation of in season problems for salmonObservation of in season problems for salmon Blockages/beaver dams, fish kills, etc.Blockages/beaver dams, fish kills, etc.
Interaction and educational opportunities with private property Interaction and educational opportunities with private property ownersowners
Removing pumps from streams, landscaping, agency contact Removing pumps from streams, landscaping, agency contact informationinformation
Importance for StakeholdersImportance for Stakeholders
Chinook life history requires consistent Chinook life history requires consistent long-term annual monitoring to understand long-term annual monitoring to understand status and trends in population dynamics status and trends in population dynamics in order to compare to goals for recoveryin order to compare to goals for recovery
Predictive relationships between fish in Predictive relationships between fish in and fish out data will help devise possible and fish out data will help devise possible future management actionsfuture management actions
Understanding how projects relate to Understanding how projects relate to productivity is essential for de-listing productivity is essential for de-listing speciesspecies
AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments
WRIA 8 Technical Committee and Salmon Recovery CouncilWRIA 8 Technical Committee and Salmon Recovery Council Spawning ground surveyors: mix of State, County, and Tribal staffSpawning ground surveyors: mix of State, County, and Tribal staff Karl Burton, SPU, redd surveys in the Cedar RiverKarl Burton, SPU, redd surveys in the Cedar River John Sneva et. al, WDFW, for aging scalesJohn Sneva et. al, WDFW, for aging scales City of Redmond, Boeing, Blockbuster Video for help withCity of Redmond, Boeing, Blockbuster Video for help with
Screw trap access and powerScrew trap access and power
Funding provided by the Funding provided by the
King Conservation DistrictKing Conservation District
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