Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhIntegrative Urban and Environmental Planning Framework
Adaptation to Climate Change
AF 1 ‐ Urban Environmental Planning
WP 3 - Urban Climate Dr. Hans Peter Thamm,
Christian Schuster
Free University BerlinDepartment of Physical Geography
Berlin Germany
Forum “Adapting Ho Chi Minh City to the Impact of Climate Change” 31.03.2009
Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhIntegrative Urban and Environmental Planning Framework
Adaptation to Climate Change
Urban Flooding
Urban Energy
Urban Transport
Urban Climate
WP‐3 Urban Climate: Dr. H.‐P. Thamm, FU‐Berlin
Action Field 1: Environment and planning
Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhIntegrative Urban and Environmental Planning Framework
Adaptation to Climate Change
Goal of the WP:
Assessing urban climate for optimised urban planning
• A step to a liveable city – climate comfort
• Develop and applying adapted methods for assessing urban climate and impacts on urban climate
• Regional scale (development plan) to local scale (building level)
• Reducing costs for air conditioning
Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhIntegrative Urban and Environmental Planning Framework
Adaptation to Climate Change
WP‐3 Urban Climate: Dr. H.‐P. Thamm, FU‐Berlin
Co-operation with Vietnamese Institutions :•Dr. Nguyen Thi Hien Thuan & teamInstitute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment, SIHYMETE•Dr. Ho Long Phi & teamHCM City University of Technology, Department of water resources engineering•Dr. Le Van Trung & team
IT Park, Vietnam University, HCM, City•Luu Yuan Loc Ministry of Construction Urban Environmental Planning Programme in Vietnam
Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhIntegrative Urban and Environmental Planning Framework
Adaptation to Climate Change
Recent situation in HCM-City • Rapid growing city
• Tremendous changes in land use and land cover
• Climate change
• Reduced ventilation
• Increasing pollution
Land use changes in HCM between 1989 and 2002
Derived from Landsat images
TM-1989-01-16ETM 2002-02-13
TM 1989-01-16
Land use changes in HCM between 1989 and 2002
Derived from Landsat images
ETM-2002-02-13
Day Surface Temperatures HCM between 1989 and 2002
Derived from Landsat images
25
45
TM 1989-01-16ETM 2002-02-13
Recent night surface temperature ASTER 19.03.2009, 22:30
Derived from Aster-image
25
40
Preliminary result
Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhWP 3 Urban Climate, Dr. H‐P. Thamm
Re Surface vs. Air Temperature - Day (°Celsius)
25303540455055
Asp
halt
Con
cret
e
Cob
bles
Flag
ging
Gre
en
Wee
d
Sand
Wat
er
Surface temp (°C)Air temp (°)
Air Temperature Night/Day (°C)
15
20
25
30
35
40
Asphalt Concrete Cobbles Flagging Green Weed Sand
NightDay
Relation between surface temperature and other climate parameters
Day and night comparison
Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhWP 3 Urban Climate, Dr. H‐P. Thamm
Assessing typical climate for different structure typesRelating local climate to urban structure
WP‐3 Urban Climate: Dr. H.‐P. Thamm, FU‐Berlin
BA
Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhWP 3 Urban Climate, Dr. H‐P. Thamm
Assessing typical climate for different structure typesRelating local climate to urban structure
WP‐3 Urban Climate: Dr. H.‐P. Thamm, FU‐Berlin
Location Shade tree A
SunB
Time 16:41 16:43
T1,5m 31.8° 33.2°
Ts 33.3° 41.3°
Rh 64 % 60 %
Impres-sion
comfort dis-comfort
BA
Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhWP 3 Urban Climate, Dr. H‐P. Thamm
Density of buildings, urban green, ventilation paths,…Relating local climate to urban structure
WP‐3 Urban Climate: Dr. H.‐P. Thamm, FU‐Berlin
Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhWP 3 Urban Climate, Dr. H‐P. Thamm
Modelling urban climate
WP‐3 Urban Climate: Dr. H.‐P. Thamm, FU‐Berlin
H: Heat production by metabolismLcl: Insulation by clothesC: sensible heat fluxEsw: turbulent flux latent heat
(persipration)Qres: Heat flux respiration (latent
and sensible)Components radiation balanceB: Direct sun radiation D: Diffuse sun radiationR: reflected radiation (short wave)A: Thermal radiation atmosphereE: Thermal radiation surfaceEkm: Thermal radiation (human)
Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhIntegrative Urban and Environmental Planning Framework
Adaptation to Climate Change
WP‐3 Urban Climate: Dr. H.‐P. Thamm, FU‐Berlin
Relevance for other workgroups Relevant input for climate function maps (WP 1)
Setup of a urban development scheme in regional scale (green areas, alignment of buildings..)
Climate optimized building design – local scale (material, ventilation,.…)
Reducing costs for climatisation
Connection with traffic planning (e.g. roads as ventilation paths)
Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhWP 3 Urban Climate, Dr. H‐P. Thamm
WP‐3 Urban Climate: Dr. H.‐P. Thamm, FU‐Berlin
Thank you for your attention!
Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhWP 3 Urban Climate, Dr. H‐P. Thamm
Modelling urban climate
WP‐3 Urban Climate: Dr. H.‐P. Thamm, FU‐Berlin
Available Model• “PMV” – Fanger • “Klima-Michel” – Jendritzki• MUKLIMO• MEMI• MM5• Etc.
Various models availableProblem: • Complex • hard to parameterise• not user friendly
Adaption of methods which are scientific sound but applicable in a urban planning context
Re
Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhWP 3 Urban Climate, Dr. H‐P. Thamm
Assessing the Urban Climate of HCM CityParameter: temperature, humidity, wind, radiation
Measurement station.High temporal resolution. Low spatial relevance
Satellite images.High spatial resolution. Low temporal resolution. Day and Night
Measurement campaignsExtending spatial relevance
Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi MinhIntegrative Urban and Environmental Planning Framework
Adaptation to Climate Change
WP‐3 Urban Climate: Dr. H.‐P. Thamm, FU‐Berlin
Different spatial scalesGeneral pattern for whole city Detail studies
Source: google maps
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