The Great War The War to end all Wars The Trench war
1914-1918
Slide 4
Slide 5
World War II 1939-1945
Slide 6
Essential Question: (EQ) What are some underlying factors that
are going to help start the Great War? Nationalism (pride in your
race or country. Wanting your own land for your people) Land
/Border disputes (fights) in Europe Fighting around the world for
colonies Militarism (building your army and navy, training
soldiers) Military Alliances (agreements to help each other if war
breaks out)
Slide 7
All these factors made Europe in 1914 a ( barrel of gunpowder )
Nationalism Land disputes Militarism Alliances
Slide 8
Slide 9
Closing Activity: In the summary box at the bottom of the paper
Write at least 2 sentences answering this question: What are some
causes of The Great War (WWI)
Slide 10
Austrian soldiers in W.W.I
Slide 11
Austria Hungary Empire
Slide 12
The Balkans: The powder keg of Europe The many regions of
southeast Europe where there are lots of different ethnicities and
religions- and they fight all the time
Slide 13
The Balkans
Slide 14
The Alsace -Lorraine
Slide 15
Backward Farmers Worried about Russia/Serbia Wants a navy Hates
Germany Biggest Empire most Colonies around the world Ambitious
wants power Diverse and drama/fighting Afraid of Russia and France
Afraid of Germany wanting colonies and navy
Slide 16
Serbian Terrorist network who hated Austrian Rule Plotted
terrorist acts against Austrians
Slide 17
Who are they? Worried about the German navy? Lots of different
people groups Isolated Island Want back the Alsace- Lorraine Mostly
backward farmers Worried about Serbia and Russia Want colonies and
a strong navy
Slide 18
Prelude to the spark that blows the Powder Keg Franz Ferdinand
Son of the Austrian/Hungary King Goes to Sarajevo, Bosnia to give a
speech on June 28 th the most patriotic day in Serbian History
Slide 19
The spark 19 year-old Gavrilo Princip a Serbian living in
Bosnia and member of The Black Hand a Serbian terrorist group
shoots and kills both Franz Ferdinand and his pregnant wife
Sofia
Slide 20
Huge country and army, farming not industry doesnt like
Austria, supports Serbia Strong army and industry, wants colonies
and bigger navy, hated by France Strong economy and navy, lots of
colonies, isolated from continental Europe Decent army and economy,
Lost land to Germany Huge unstable empire. Many unhappy people
groups inside their empire France Austria Hungary Britain Germany
Russia
Slide 21
Slide 22
The 2 sides in WWI Central Powers * Triple Entente (Allies) * *
*
Slide 23
The short and skinny of how an assassination leads to a World
War 1. Serbians living in Bosnia hate the fact that Austria rules
them 2. A Serbian terrorist group plots and kills Franz Ferdinand
3. Austria wants to go to war against Serbia but are afraid of
Russia because both Serbia and Russia are of the Slavic race 4.
Russia tells Austria to not mess with Serbia 4. Germany tells its
ally Austria to do what it needs to do and if Russia jumps in
theyll take care of Russia 5. So Austria declares war on Serbia 6.
Russia gets pissed and moves its troops to the Austrian border but
does not cross 7. Germany (itching for a fight) says that moving
troops to the border is an act of war so it attacks Russia 8.
Germany knows that Russia is allied with France and eventually
France will get in - so they decide to attack France 9. The easiest
way to Paris is through Belgium so the Germans invade Belgium first
to get to France 10. This angers Britain so Britain declares war on
Germany and Austria GAME ON IN SUM : what shouldve been a war
between Serbia and Austria becomes a World War due to
Alliances
Slide 24
Serbians living in Bosnia hate the fact that Austria rules them
* A Serbian terrorist group plots and kills Franz Ferdinand *
Austria wants to go to war against Serbia but are afraid of Russia
because both Serbia and Russia are of the Slavic race * Russia
tells Austria to not mess with Serbia * Germany tells its ally
Austria to do what it needs to do and if Russia jumps in theyll
take care of Russia * So Austria declares war on Serbia * So
Austria declares war on Serbia * Russia gets pissed and moves its
troops to the Austrian border but does not cross * Russia gets
pissed and moves its troops to the Austrian border but does not
cross * Germany (itching for a fight) says that moving troops to
the border is an act of war so it attacks Russia * Germany (itching
for a fight) says that moving troops to the border is an act of war
so it attacks Russia * Germany knows that Russia is allied with
France and eventually France will get in - so they decide to attack
France * The easiest way to Paris is through Belgium so the Germans
invade Belgium first to get to France * This angers Britain so
Britain declares war on Germany and Austria GAME ON IN SUM : what
shouldve been a war between Serbia and Austria becomes a World War
due to Alliances
Slide 25
Assignment: On a sheet of notebook paper answer the following
question: What was the major factor that caused World War I?
Nationalism Land disputes Militarism Alliances
Slide 26
Todays Submarine (summary) In the summary space of your Cornell
Notes answer this question and support it What, in your opinion,
was the major factor that caused World War I? Nationalism Land
disputes Militarism Alliances Sentence starter: The major factor
that caused WWI was __________ for these reasons
___________________________________________
Slide 27
German Schlieffen Plan Defeat France quickly and then shift
troops to the east to defeat Russia which they thought was slow to
mobilize Question: why did Germany attack France so early in the
war?
Slide 28
Closure Activity : Finish these Sentences A factor that led to
W.W.I was Another factor that helped lead to W.W.I was The incident
or spark that got the actual war started was An assassination led
to a world war because
Slide 29
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: (EQ) Why did the United States get into
WWI? Key words: Neutrality Kaiser Propaganda Blockade Zimmerman
Note
Slide 30
Western Front (France) 70% of the battles and 70% war deaths
Trench Warfare
Slide 31
Slide 32
Huge Artillery Shells: Explode thousands of pieces of shrapnel
(metal and lead)
Slide 33
Going over the Top out of the Trenches and on the offensive No
mans Land: the area in between the 2 enemy trenches Casualties:
both killed and wounded soldiers i.e., The battle of the Somme had
800,000 casualties
Slide 34
In WWI Machine guns could fire up 100 bullets a minute Machine
guns killed more than any other weapon in WWI (millions)
Slide 35
Poison Gas The use of poison gas in World War I was a major
military innovation. The gases ranged from disabling chemicals,
such as tear gas and the severe mustard gas, to lethal agents like
phosgene and chlorine. tear gasmustard gasphosgene chlorinetear
gasmustard gasphosgene chlorine chemical warfare was a major
component of the first global war and first total war of the 20th
century. chemical warfareglobal wartotal war chemical warfareglobal
wartotal war The killing capacity of gas, however, was limited only
4% of combat deaths were due to gas.
Slide 36
Closure Activity : Finish these Sentences The Schlieffen Plan
was Soldiers were in the trenches because.. Life in the Trenches
was No mans land Going over the Top. The machine gun. Poison
gas
Slide 37
Look at the new weapons of WWI and then discuss with your group
these questions: 1. List as many things as you can of things that
the weapon could do 2. Rate the effectiveness of the weapon Low 1 2
3 4 5 high 3. What was the most important weapon of WWI and why?
Huge artillery Cannons airplanes Tanks submarines Poison gas
Machine guns
Slide 38
The Battle of the Somme (France) July-November 1916 Before:
bombardment million shells fired Allied soldiers advanced along a
25 mile offensive 60,000 casualties in the first day (20,000 dead)
Generals kept sending soldiers to a certain death Losses Britain
420,000 France- 200,000 Germany 500,000 Question: was this small
piece of land gained worth the lives of a almost a million
people?
Slide 39
War of Attrition is a military strategy in which a side tries
to win the war by fighting and fighting and trading losses with the
enemy because you have more men and supplies to trademilitary
strategy
Slide 40
Tanks of WWI
Slide 41
Tanks of W.W.II
Slide 42
Airplanes Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen was a German
fighter pilot known as the "Red Baron". He was the most successful
flying ace of World War I, being officially credited with 80
confirmed air combat victories. fighter pilotflying aceWorld War
Iair combatfighter pilotflying aceWorld War Iair combat
Slide 43
Planes of World war II
Slide 44
Submarines U boats (German unterseeboot)
Slide 45
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: (EQ) Why is the war going to come to an
end? Key words:
Slide 46
UNRESTRICTED Submarine warfare (sinking both military and
commercial ships) The Lusitania May 7 th 1915 1,198 dead (128
Americans) The World is outraged and Germany pledges to stop
unrestricted warfare and only fire upon military craft
Slide 47
January 1917: Germany plans to blockade Britain and resume
Unrestricted submarine warfare Blockade: Blocking any supplies from
getting in or Out of a countrys harbors
Slide 48
Anti- German propaganda during W.W.I
Slide 49
Other factors that influenced Americans wanting Britain and
France to defeat Germany The USA had loaned Britain and France way
more than the had loaned Germany Helping Britain and France win
would definitely help make sure USA would get paid back
Slide 50
Zimmerman Telegram
Slide 51
Doroteo Arranga more commonly known as (Francisco Pancho
Villa)
Slide 52
Closure Activity : Finish these Sentences What happened in the
trenches on Christmas 1914 . Tanks of W.W.I . Airplanes in W.W.I .
U boats in W.W.I The Lusitania The 2 main reasons that the US is
going to get into WW1 are
Slide 53
Kaiser Wilhelm German King and ruler during WWI
Slide 54
U.S. president Woodrow Wilsons speech asking Congress for a
declaration of War against Germany April 2 nd 1917 Property can be
paid for; the lives of peaceful and innocent people cannot be. The
present German submarine warfare against commerce is a warfare
against mankind. "It is a war against all nations. American ships
have been sunk, American lives taken, in ways which it has stirred
us very deeply to learn of, but the ships and people of other
neutral and friendly nations have been sunk and overwhelmed in the
waters in the same way. "But they played their part in serving to
convince us at last that that government entertains no real
friendship for us and means to act against our peace and security
at its convenience. That it means to stir up enemies against us at
our very doors the intercepted Zimmerman note to the German
minister at Mexico City is eloquent evidence. Zimmerman
Slide 55
John Black Jack Pershing: General/leader of American troops in
W.W.I
Slide 56
Vladimir LENIN leads the Bolsheviks in a Communist revolution
to take control of Russia. The Country is renamed the Soviet Union
(USSR). Lenin gets Russia out of World War I
Slide 57
Reasons that the GREAT WAR is going to come to an end All the
nations were heavily in debt except for the U.S. Millions were dead
Millions were wounded Economies were a wreck There were food
shortages in Germany and Austria The British naval blockade was
doing a good job starving Germany The Ottoman Empire had
surrendered and was talking about peace terms with the Allies The
last major German offensive to seize Paris was halted. A revolution
in Austria-Hungary brought about a new government. The new
government negotiated a peace treaty with the Allies There were a
number of German and French mutinies (refusals to obey orders from
the commanding officers) The U.S. had the money and men to keep the
war going for a long time Many Europeans felt that American
president Woodrow Wilsons 14-point peace plan offered a fair plan
for peace and so were willing to talk of a ceases-fire
Slide 58
Slide 59
Armistice: Armistice: an agreement to stop fighting Nobody won
WWI and nobody lost WWI They just decided to stop fighting It is
not necessarily the end of a war, but just a stoppage of killing
while an attempt is made to negotiate a lasting peace.
Slide 60
So The involved countries agreed to stop fighting on the
symbolic 11 th hour of the 11 th day of the 11 th month 1918
(November 11 th Veterans Day) They then agreed to meet in January
in Paris to write a peace treaty
Slide 61
Closure Activity : Finish these Sentences The 2 main reasons
that the US is going to get into WW1 are The US decided to get into
the war in year WWI ended in year Vladimir Lenin Russia got out of
WWI because The Countries of the Central Powers
Slide 62
Woodrow Wilson
Slide 63
Paris Peace Conference: 1919 to be held at Versailles (palace
of French Kings) The Big 3 leaders Georges Clemenceau (France)
Woodrow Wilson (USA) David Lloyd George (Britain)
Slide 64
Wants a fair and lasting peace Wants to hurt Germanys navy
Wants a League of Nations to discuss world problems Wants to punish
Germany uncompromising Idealist compromiser Realist
Slide 65
Idealist: a person who believes in the ideal (or way that
things should be) not the real way things are Realist: a person who
deals with the way things really are
Slide 66
Slide 67
Idealist: a person who believes in the ideal (or way that
things should be) not the real way things are Realist: a person who
deals with the way things really are
Slide 68
Wilsons 14-point Peace Plan points 1-5 would address the issues
that many believed started the war in the first place 1. end all
secret treaties and alliances 2. Freedom of the seas 3. Free trade
among nations 4 reduction in the number of troops and sizes of
navies 5. the adjustment of colonial claims with fairness toward
colonial people
Slide 69
Points 6-13 dealt with territorial changes and the creation of
new nations creation of new nations in Russia that included
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Belarus Creation of Czechoslovakia,
Poland, and a new and reduced Austria-Hungary The break up of the
Ottoman Empire and the creation of states like Syria, Lebanon, and
Palestine
Slide 70
Woodrow Wilsons 14 Point peace plan was viewed by many as
workable. Points 1-5 1. an end all secret treaties and alliances 2.
Freedom of the seas no blockades, no hogging fishing areas 3. Free
trade among nations 4. disarmament for all nations. Reduction in
the size of everyones armies and navies 5. the adjustment of
colonial claims with fairness toward colonial people in Africa and
Asia Points 6-13 Self-determination or creation of new nations in
Russia that included: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Belarus
Creation of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and a new and reduced
Austria-Hungary The break up of the Ottoman Empire and the creation
of states like Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine
Slide 71
Disarmament : to reduce the size of nations armies and navies
France wanted a policy of disarmament for Germany Appeasement: to
give someone what they want or not confront them to avoid a
conflict Lloyd George appeased Wilson on the League of nations to
get what he wanted
Slide 72
Europe before and after W.W.I
Slide 73
Slide 74
WWI came to an end on Who lost WWI? 3 of Wilsons 14 points were
The 14 th point was The US never joined the. 3 new countries
created by the Treaty of Versailles were 3 ways that Germany got
screwed were Germany signed the treaty because The Treaty of
Versailles