Vocabulary, “The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County”
Turn to page 575 in your textbook. Copy the definitions beginning with “garrulous” through “ornery.” Write SENTENCES with each vocabulary term.
When you are finished, pre-read the story found on pg 581. Be prepared to take notes.
Transformative YearsIndustrialization: (1850-
1914) America transforms from agricultural nation to industrial nation
North vs. South: Civil War Freedom or slavery? North: CommerceSouth: agriculture and
cotton industry; sugar, rice, and tobacco
Controversy over slavery influence literature of the day
North Vs. South
North South
Anti-slavery (for the most part)
Transportation & ImmigrationIndustrial Revolution brought reform to the North
Slower-pacedPlantationsInstitution of
Slavery
Abraham LincolnRepresented
newly formed Republican party
Dedicated to halting spread of slavery
President through the Civil War times
Assassinated in 1865
Expanding AmericaChange occurred quickly
after Civil War yearsPhysical expansion &
industrialization transformed landscape, economy, society, and identity
Westward Expansion: Homestead Act of 1862: 160 acres to anyone who’d live and improve land over certain periodHalf a million farmers, tens
of thousands of emancipated African Americans, all went West
National Railroad System replace covered wagons
Changing SocietyElectricity 1880s: triggered
Second Industrial RevolutionElectricity replaced
steam powerElectric lights,
telephones, automobiles, motion pictures, phonographs
Advertising City Life
Skyscrapers, department stores, mass transportation
Negative impacts: noise, traffic jams, air pollution, crime and slums
Wealth & PovertyPopulation grew from 50
million to 76 million; 9 million immigrants over 20 year period
Millions of Americans left farms and small towns and moved to cities for work
Wages of workers were low
Child laborDark, unventilated
apartments with no toilets; disease
Owners of big operations made fortunes
Mark Twain: “The Gilded Age”: representing veneer of glitter over something of poor quality
Literature of the PeriodTheme of Discontentment
Women, African Americans, and workers agitated by changes in social, economic, and political status
SpiritualsWork songs, war songs, laments, lullabies, and
funeral dirgesAbolitionist Narratives
Frederick Douglass: autobiography and indictment of slavery
Wartime VoicesDiaries, letters, journals, speeches during the war
Gettysburg Address
Realism & NaturalismRealism began after
Civil WarVictory in War led to
cost in human life and nation’s idealism
Young writers turned away from Romanticism
Writers focus on “real life” as ordinary people live it
Naturalism depicted people in real situations but believed forces larger than individual (nature, fate, heredity) shaped individual
Human EnduranceSaw industrialization
as a force against which individuals were powerless
Mark Twain and AmericaBest known for The
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Captured speech of everyday characters, as opposed to common, formal speech writers had used prior to him
Utilizes dialects and speech patterns for each of his characters
Work considered to be written in “American” English
Life on the River & The Traveling Man
Twain (given name Samuel Langhorne Clemens) felt tied to Mississippi River
Pen Name: Mark Twain meaning, “two fathoms deep.”
Printer’s apprentice until age of 21 because riverboat pilot
Civil War closed traffic on Mississippi River , Twain became a journalist/lecturer
The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County published in 1865. First big hit
Travelled throughout his lifetime Wrote: Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer
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