Vocabulary, “The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County”

Turn to page 575 in your textbook. Copy the definitions beginning with “garrulous” through “ornery.” Write SENTENCES with each vocabulary term.

When you are finished, pre-read the story found on pg 581. Be prepared to take notes.

The Civil War & Expansion

The Age of Realism

Transformative YearsIndustrialization: (1850-

1914) America transforms from agricultural nation to industrial nation

North vs. South: Civil War Freedom or slavery? North: CommerceSouth: agriculture and

cotton industry; sugar, rice, and tobacco

Controversy over slavery influence literature of the day

North Vs. South

North South

Anti-slavery (for the most part)

Transportation & ImmigrationIndustrial Revolution brought reform to the North

Slower-pacedPlantationsInstitution of

Slavery

Abraham LincolnRepresented

newly formed Republican party

Dedicated to halting spread of slavery

President through the Civil War times

Assassinated in 1865

Expanding AmericaChange occurred quickly

after Civil War yearsPhysical expansion &

industrialization transformed landscape, economy, society, and identity

Westward Expansion: Homestead Act of 1862: 160 acres to anyone who’d live and improve land over certain periodHalf a million farmers, tens

of thousands of emancipated African Americans, all went West

National Railroad System replace covered wagons

Changing SocietyElectricity 1880s: triggered

Second Industrial RevolutionElectricity replaced

steam powerElectric lights,

telephones, automobiles, motion pictures, phonographs

Advertising City Life

Skyscrapers, department stores, mass transportation

Negative impacts: noise, traffic jams, air pollution, crime and slums

Wealth & PovertyPopulation grew from 50

million to 76 million; 9 million immigrants over 20 year period

Millions of Americans left farms and small towns and moved to cities for work

Wages of workers were low

Child laborDark, unventilated

apartments with no toilets; disease

Owners of big operations made fortunes

Mark Twain: “The Gilded Age”: representing veneer of glitter over something of poor quality

Literature of the PeriodTheme of Discontentment

Women, African Americans, and workers agitated by changes in social, economic, and political status

SpiritualsWork songs, war songs, laments, lullabies, and

funeral dirgesAbolitionist Narratives

Frederick Douglass: autobiography and indictment of slavery

Wartime VoicesDiaries, letters, journals, speeches during the war

Gettysburg Address

Realism & NaturalismRealism began after

Civil WarVictory in War led to

cost in human life and nation’s idealism

Young writers turned away from Romanticism

Writers focus on “real life” as ordinary people live it

Naturalism depicted people in real situations but believed forces larger than individual (nature, fate, heredity) shaped individual

Human EnduranceSaw industrialization

as a force against which individuals were powerless

Mark Twain and AmericaBest known for The

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Captured speech of everyday characters, as opposed to common, formal speech writers had used prior to him

Utilizes dialects and speech patterns for each of his characters

Work considered to be written in “American” English

Life on the River & The Traveling Man

Twain (given name Samuel Langhorne Clemens) felt tied to Mississippi River

Pen Name: Mark Twain meaning, “two fathoms deep.”

Printer’s apprentice until age of 21 because riverboat pilot

Civil War closed traffic on Mississippi River , Twain became a journalist/lecturer

The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County published in 1865. First big hit

Travelled throughout his lifetime Wrote: Adventures of

Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer

Mark Twain

Mini Bio