URBAN EXTRAS
CITY TYPES Emerging cities- cities experiencing
population growth as well as increasing economic and political clout throughout their region
Ex. Shanghai
Gateway city- connect two areas and serve as a gateway between them
Connect two cultures and serve as a cultural point of entry
Ex. Ellis Island in New York Harbor b/c it is an entry point for immigrants (it’s a national park today b/c was point of entry for European immigrants)
Sydney, Australia is a gateway city b/c its where immigrants enter Australia
San Francisco b/c millions of Chinese have entered through San
Francisco
FESTIVAL LANDSCAPE Space within an urban environment
that can accommodate a large number of people; can be decorated and used for celebrations
Ex; Central Park in New York City
EASTERN U.S. CITIES Built before the automobile, so their
streets tend to be narrow and parking is usually done in alleys
Residential areas are tightly packed b/c of dense populations
Most have some type of mass transportation
WESTERN U.S. CITIES Cities in west are much more spread
out them cities in the east Homes are often more spread out as
well & have both front and back yards (homes in east don’t typically have front yards b/c of lack of space)
Rely on automobiles instead of mass transportation
Many cities in the west use the grid street system
Streets run east/west and north/south, creating a grid pattern on the landscape
These streets are often named first, second, third, etc
North/South streets may be called Avenues
FOUR STAGES OF U.S. CITIES Stage 1: The sail-wagon period.
1790-1830 Only means of international trade was
sailing ships Once goods were on land, they were
hauled by wagon to their final destination
Stage 2: The iron-horse period. 1830-1870
The railroad transported goods and people in this period
Stage 3: The steel-rail period 1870-1920 Steel was the primary building material in the U.S. Mining its raw materials and manufacturing and
transporting it provided many jobs Stage 4: The auto-air–amenity period 1920-
1960 The engine transformed the American landscape
with the automobile People could commute and live farther form city Airplane meant goods could be exported quicker
WHITE FLIGHT Movement of white, middle-class
people away from the inner city to the suburbs
EUROPEAN CITIES Much older than U.S. cities and have a
different structure Rome and Athens date back as far as
3,000 years ago
ZONING LAWS 1) residential- for housing 2) commercial- for business or retail 3) industrial- for manufacturing plants In Europe zones are often intermixed Ex: commercial on the bottom floor and
apartments on the upper floors Structures in U.S. are zoned for only
one
European cities were built when the automobile was still hundreds of years in the future
Designed primarily for foot traffic, city streets are narrow
GREENBELTS Rural areas that are set aside to
prevent development from expanding too far outwards
Prevalent in the United Kingdom London has a greenbelt that is over
5,000 sq. kilometers Prevent in-filling, the process of cities
that are close to each merging together