David Ellul, UNECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
UNECE/FAO Wood Energy Programme
23rd Session of the Steering Committee for
Energy Efficiency 21 ProgrammeGeneva – 25 April 2012
David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
Wood Energy
• Current trends and status: Joint Wood Energy Enquiry
• Outlook: European Forest Sector Outlook
David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
2009 Replies
David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
Woody Biomass Sources
S1: DirectLogging residues, thinnings, clearingsshort rotation coppice, etc.
S2: IndirectResidues, enhanced/ densified processed woodbased fuels (pellets, charcoal, biofuels), etc.
S3: RecoveredPost consumer recovered wood products (oftencontaminated), construction demolition, waste, etc.
S4: UnspecifiedUnspecified material where it is unclear what kind of material is used
David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
Wood energy sources by country (2009)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
BelgiumCyprus
United StatesIreland
Slovak RepublicFinland
Sw edenEstoniaAustria
United KingdomLiechtenstein
GermanySw itzerland
LithuaniaRussian Federation
Norw aySlovenia
Czech RepublicFrance
ItalySerbia
JWEE Total
S1-Direct S2-Indirect S3-Recovered S4-Unspecified
David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
Wood Energy Uses
U1: Power and HeatTransformation of woody biomass for commercial powerand heat production - "Main activity producer" (IEA)
U2: Industry internal use:Heat and energy generated for internal use by the forest basedindustries (sawmills, pulp, panel) for processing and drying
U3: ResidentialWood energy generated by private households
U4: OtherWood energy generated by public and private services;agriculture, forestry and fishery
David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
Wood energy uses by country (2009)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
SerbiaCyprus
LiechtensteinNorw ay
IrelandFrance
SloveniaCzech Republic
United StatesSlovak Republic
ItalyFinlandAustriaBelgium
Sw itzerlandEstonia
LithuaniaSw eden
Russian FederationGermany
United Kingdom
JWEE Total
U1-Power and Heat U2-Industrial U3-Residential U4-Other
David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
Role of wood energy in Total Primary Energy Supply
Share of woody biomass in TPES, 2009
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%
United KingdomCyprus
IrelandBelgium
United StatesRussian Federation
Slovak RepublicNorw ay
Sw itzerlandGermany
Italy
FranceSlovenia
Czech RepublicLiechtenstein
LithuaniaSerbia
AustriaEstonia
FinlandSw eden
JWEE Total
David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
Role of wood energy among RES
Share of woody biomass in RES, 2009
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Norw ayCyprus
United KingdomSw itzerland
Ireland
BelgiumItaly
GermanySlovak Republic
SloveniaUnited States
AustriaFrance
Sw eden
LiechtensteinFinland
LithuaniaRussian Federation
Czech RepublicEstoniaSerbia
JWEE Total
David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
Trends
• Between 2005 and 2009 the amount of wood used for energy purposes grew annually by 2.7%.
• Wood energy now accounts for 3% of the total primary energy supply (TPES) and 47% of the renewable energy supply (RES)
• One of the biggest movers is the UK: share in TPES from 0.15% in 2005 to 0.52% in 2009; Share in RES from 8.2% in 2005 to 16.3% in 2009.
• Role of wood in TPES supply grew, whereas it slightly declined among renewables. Other renewables at faster rates of increase.
David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
Trends
• The structure of sources for wood energy has been relatively stable.
• A growing trend to use wood for power and heat combined with a decrease in the use of wood energy in the residential sector.
• BUT wood energy use by private households is often higher than anticipated as it may not be fully accounted for.
David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
• Reference Scenario– What if we continue business as usual?
• Maximizing Biomass Carbon – How much carbon could be stored?
• Promoting Wood Energy– How to achieve the renewable energy targets?
• Priority to Biodiversity– What if we focus on preserving /enhancing biodiversity?
• Fostering innovation/Competitiveness– What would a successful innovation strategy lead to?
European Forest Sector Outlook Study EFSOS 2010-2030
David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
Wood Energy Outlook
• Assumptions:– Economic and population growth same as in
Reference scenario.– Meeting the EU 2020 renewable energy targets,
and that trend continues to 2030.– Other renewables grow faster, so that the share of
wood in RES falls from current 50 to 40% by 2030.
• Not considered - the possible consequences of the Fukushima accident on energy policy, and oil price fluctuations.
David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
Annual Growth Rate
David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
Growing Share of Energy Use
David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
Intensified Mobilisation
David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
Change in Total Extraction
David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
Carbon Stocks and Flows
David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
Consequences• The strong increase in harvest residues and stump extraction (170 million
m3 more than in reference scenario 2030) seems to pose an unacceptable risk to the ecological balance of the forest.
• Increased imports may be part of the solution, although sustainability must be evaluated.
• Another option would be that of actively managing protected forest areas. Managing 60% of protected forest areas at 60% harvest levels could yield up to 58 million m3 of stemwood from forests not designated for wood production.
• Short rotation coppice may also partly cover demand but at trade-off with other land uses. Depending on productivity, between 6 and 17 million ha of land would be necessary to supply 170 million m3. This is roughly equivalent to an area covering 3 to 9 % of utilized agricultural land of EU27.
• Establishing SRC might imply trade-offs with other land uses and, depending on site selection, with landscape and biodiversity. We could therefore face significant environmental, financial and institutional costs.
David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
Further work
“Wood Energy Policy Debate”
8 May 2012, 10:00-18:00 Room XII, Palais des Nations
David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
Further work
• JWEE National Correspondent Capacity Building Workshop (Paris, 11-13 June 2012)
• Launch of the fourth round of the Joint wood energy Enquiry, JWEE 2011 (Autumn 2012)
David Ellul, ECE/FAO Forestry and Timber Section
Contact us!
David Ellul
Economic Affairs Officer
email: [email protected]
tel: +41(0)22 917 1390
UNECE/FAO Forestry & Timber Section
Palais des Nations
CH-1211 Genève
www.unece.org/timber
Thank you for your attention!
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