World Food ProgrammeThe Provision of Food Aid in Emergency Situations
in Haiti
What is the WFP?
• UN division for the provision of food aid to those unable to provide enough food to feed themselves and their family
• Largest humanitarian organisation in the world
• Headquarters in Rome
• Provides food to 86.1 million people in 80 countries
•Save lives and protect livelihoods in emergencies
•Prepare for emergencies
•Restore and rebuild lives after emergencies
•Reduce chronic hunger and undernutrition everywhere
•Strengthen the capacity of countries to reduce hunger
Mission Statement
• Oils, grains, flours, beans, salt• Dietary supplements for malnutrition
• High energy snacks
• Whenever possible bought from local producers using monetary donations from governments and organisations
A typical WFP aid pack
WAR POVERTY
FLOODS& DROUGHTS
WHAT CAUSES FAMINE AND STARVATION?WHAT CAUSES FAMINE AND STARVATION?
HUNGER AND HEALTH CARE?
Increases risk of infection eg.
tuberculosis
Deficiency diseases eg. scurvy
Diarrhoea
Dehydration
Coma
Miscarraige
Heart Failure
Death
Emergency ResponseRapid Response Programmes and Emergency
Operation Plans
Rapid Response• WFP Country Director for in the affected nation declares an emergency
• Opens local WFP and WFP-affiliated food stores
• Requests redirection of global WFP stores to the affected areas
• Director draws up an Emergency Operation (EMOP) to direct initial response
logistics How are global food stores redirected to
disasters?
~30x
Around thirty storage vesselsat sea at any one time
Aid is delivered to those who needit by any means available
+ Repair roads, bridges etc.
+ Build warehouses to store food
+ Evacuate the malnourished
+ De-mine aid routes
What Other Aid Do WFP Provide?
Republic of Haiti• Caribbean nation• Shares the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic
• Former French colony• First black nation to achieve independence
• Presidential republic• 76 percent of Haitians live with less than US$2 per day and 56 percent on less than US$1 per day
Florida
Dominican RepublicCuba
HAITI
A troubled Nation...2004 Haitian Rebellion• Long history of political turmoil• President Aristide elected in 2001 for the second time• Aristide became unpopular with US and French economic interests• September 2003, gang leader Amiot Metayer found killed with heart cut out, his brother blames Artiside after crackdowns on gang violence• These gangs along with opposition groups mount rebellion against Aristide’s government• Aristide flees Haiti as rebels approach capital, claims the US supported the rebellion• US and UN step in, occupy Haiti and stabilise the country until elections in ’06
Haitian Flooding & Storms• Like most of the caribbean, lies in the RSMC Miama hurricane basin• Subject every year to severe tropical storms and cyclones• Deforestation worsens the resulting floods• Flimsy shanty towns easily demolished by the high winds and flooding• Densely populated urban areas regularly hit• Hurricane Jeanne leaves 3,000 dead in 2004• Struck again by 4 hurricanes in August-September 2008 killing over 300, leaving 800,000 in need of humanitarian aid
World Food CrisisWestern farming subsidies caused developing countries to become
dependent on importing food from the West. Inflation of global food prices due
to various factors inc. droughts and overpopulation therefore led to an
uncontrollable rocketing of food costs in countries like Haiti, leading to starvation
and unrest.
WFP response in haiti
emop prroEMERGENCYOPERATION
PROTRACTED RELIEF &RECOVERY OPERATION
leads into
PRRO: Food Assistance for the Relief and Protection of Vulnerable Groups Exposed to Food Insecurity
• PRROs are proposed with detailed logistics, budgets and expected results and submitted to the Executive Board for approval• This PRRO was approved by the board and began operation January 1st 2008 and will conclude Dec 31st ’09• Budget ~US$75mil, providing 80,000 tons of food to 6 of the 10 departments of Haiti• Sept 08’ following the storms, Country Director submits EMOP calling for US$499,996 of food aid based on estimated no. of ppl. affected x food requirements x duration of dependency + logistical costs• Joined in Nov ’08 another project costing another US$30mil providing a further 25,000 tons of food aid to the flood victims
SUCCESSES, COMPLICATIONS & MISTAKES
AID AND ACCESSIBILITY
Flood Damaged Roads Mountainous Terrain
Gang Violence & Theft
Damaged Ports
Locating Displaced Populations
Danger of Further Disasters
Weak National Government
Agriculture & DeforestationDeforestation on
the island
worsened
environmental
impact of floods,
topsoil
across the country
was destroyed and
Q4
crop yields were
20% below that of
2007,
following the
floods...
Hazards & Lack of Infrastructure
In the first days
following the
floods, roads were
so badly damaged
and land so water-
logged helicopters
were often unable
to deliver any
supplies to isolated
& rural areas
Social Unrest & Gangs
Warehouses full of
donated rice stolen
by organised,
armed gangs
planning to sell
them on were
found in the
western city of
Carrefour
Bureaucracy
Prior to the floods,
initial supplies of
WFP aid intended to
support Haiti
through the world
food crisis wasted
in harbors as
government
bureaucracy
intended to quell
corruption left tons
of food rotting on
freighters for days
Economics & The Food CrisisFood price crisis
hadn’t been
effectively controlled
before the storms
hit, worsened by
political instability
sparked by ousting
of the president
following riots,
contributing to
overall hunger on
the island.
High fuel prices also
delayed the
transportation of
food aid to remote,
inland areas.
Ousted President Edouard-Alexis
Logistical Difficulties
Difficult logistical
decisions delayed
the provision of
infrastructure and
delivery of aid eg.
delays when the UN
could not decide
which of 8
destroyed bridges
should be replaced
However without the WFP and other food aid orgsthe food security situation in Haiti would be far worse...
The WFP fed 700,000 people in Haiti by the end of 2008...WFP now focuses on food-for-work and
school mealsprogrammes to improve long term food
security following the emergency situations of that year...
Thank you!wfp.org/how-to-help
1,2,4,7: http://www.wfp.org/photos3: http://www.photographersdirect.com5: http://community.webshots.com/user/stovetop916: http://www.alifeofbenevolence.com/tag/world-food-programme/8: http://www.youtube.com/user/transafrik9: http://unusual-things.blogspot.com10: http://www.reseaucitadelle.blogspot.com11: http://www.abcnews.go.com/12: hhtp://dr1.com13: Ghosts of Cité Soleil © Independent Pictures 200614: http://blog.cleveland.com/world_impact/2009/01/large_KENYA_PIRACY-Dec12-08_Meye.jpg15: © AFP Photo16: http://blog.syracuse.com/news/2007/08/large_082807Bridge2MG.jpg17: FEWS.NET18: http://5starsurf.com/images/Kabic-Overhead.jpg
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