Axial Skeleton Includes bones of the skull, vertebral column
and thoracic cage Creates a framework of support and protection for
internal organs Provides sites of attachment of muscles
Slide 4
The Skull Protects the brain and supports delicate sense organs
8 cranial bones 14 facial bones 6 auditory ossicles (tiny bones in
the ears) Hyoid bone
Slide 5
Bones of the Cranium Frontal bone (1)- forms the forehead and
roof of the ocular orbits Parietal Bone (2) posterior to the
frontal bone; forms the sides and roof of skull Occiptal Bone (1)
posterior and inferior portions of the skull; foramen magnum
Temporal Bone (2) form the sides and base of the skull; a number of
distinct anatomical landmarks
Slide 6
Bones of the Cranium Lateral View Parietal Bone Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone Occipital Bone
Slide 7
Bones of the Cranium - Frontal Parietal Bone Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone
Slide 8
Bones of the Cranium Inferior View Parietal Bone Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone
Slide 9
Bones of the Cranium Horizontal View Parietal Bone Temporal
Bone Occipital Bone Frontal Bone
Slide 10
Sutures of the Cranium Sagittal Suture extends along the
midline of the cranium; between parietal bones Coronal Suture
between frontal bone and parietal bones Lambdoid Suture between
occipital and parietal bones Squamous Suture between the temporal
bones and the parietal bones
Slide 11
Sutures of the Cranium Lateral View Parietal Bone Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone Occipital Bone Lambdoid Suture Squamous Suture
Coronal Suture
Slide 12
Sutures of the Cranium - Frontal Parietal Bone Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone Coronal Suture REVIEW
Slide 13
The skull at birth
Slide 14
Slide 15
Bones of the Cranium continued Sphenoid Boneforms the floor of
the skull and braces side of skull; acts like a bridge between
cranial and facial bones Ethmoid Bone anterior to the sphenoid;
stabilizes the brain; forms the roof and sides of the nasal cavity
Vomer forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum Palatine Bone
forms the posterior hard palate (roof of mouth); contributes to the
walls of the nasal cavity and the floor of each orbit
Slide 16
Bones of the Cranium Lateral View Parietal Bone Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone Occipital Bone Lambdoid Suture Squamous Suture
Coronal Suture Sphenoid Bone Ethmoid Bone
Slide 17
Bones of the Cranium - Frontal Parietal Bone Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone Coronal Suture Ethmoid Bone Sphenoid Bone Vomer
Slide 18
Bones of the Cranium Inferior View Parietal Bone Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone Palatine Bone Vomer Sphenoid Bone
Slide 19
Bones of the CraniumHorizontal View Parietal Bone Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone Sphenoid Bone Frontal Bone Ethmoid Bone
Slide 20
Bones of the Face Maxilla (2) articulates with all other facial
bones except the mandible; forms part of the orbit, walls of nasal
cavity and anterior roof of mouth Zygomatic Bones (2) articulates
with the frontal bone and the maxilla; completes lateral orbit of
eye Nasal Bones bridge of nose; articulate with frontal bone and
maxilla Lacrimal Bones with the orbit; medial surface Mandible
lower jaw
Slide 21
Bones of the Face Lateral View Parietal Bone Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone Occipital Bone Lambdoid Suture Squamous Suture
Coronal Suture Sphenoid Bone Ethmoid Bone Maxilla Zygomatic Bone
Nasal Bone Lacrimal Bone Mandible
Slide 22
Bones of the Face - Frontal Parietal Bone Frontal Bone Temporal
Bone Coronal Suture Ethmoid Bone Sphenoid Bone Vomer Nasal Bone
Lacrimal Bone Zygomatic Bone Maxilla Mandible
Slide 23
Bones of the Face Inferior View Parietal Bone Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone Palatine Bone Vomer Sphenoid Bone Maxilla Zygomatic
Bone Maxilla
Processes any elevation or projection Can be part of a joint or
a site of attachment for muscles, ligaments and tendons
Slide 26
Processes of the cranium Styloid process (temporal) Mastoid
process (temporal) Coronoid process (mandible) Condylar process
(mandible) Mandibular process (mandible) Occipital condyle
(occipital) Zygomatic process (zygomatic) External occipital
protuberance (occipital) Pterygoid process (sphenoid) Hamulus of
the pterygoid process (sphenoid)
Slide 27
Styloid Process Pointed piece of bone that extends down from
the temporal bone just below the ear Attachment for ligaments that
support the hyoid bone and muscles that control the tongue and
pharynx
Slide 28
Mastoid Process Built up area of the lower temporal bone where
important neck muscles attach Site of attachment for muscle that
rotates and elevates the head and clavicle
Slide 29
Coronoid Process like a crown Attachment point for muscle that
closes the jaw
Slide 30
Condylar Process Forms a hinge with the temporal bone
Slide 31
Mandibular Process Smooth surface of the condylar process
Slide 32
Occipital Condyle Articulates with the atlas vertebrae (the
first vertebrae in the spinal column
Slide 33
Zygomatic Process Three extensions of the zygomatic bone that
connect with the frontal bone, maxilla, and temporal bone
Slide 34
External Occipital Protuberance Bony protrusion of the
occipital bone Muscles that keep the head upright and allow the
head to tilt backward attach here
Slide 35
The Sphenoid Bone Pterygoid Process and the hamulus of the
pterygoid process
Slide 36
Process of the Skull Lateral View Parietal Bone Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone Occipital Bone Lambdoid Suture Squamous Suture
Coronal Suture Sphenoid Bone Ethmoid Bone Maxilla Zygomatic Bone
Nasal Bone Lacrimal Bone Mandible Zygomatic Process Mastoid Process
Styloid Process
Slide 37
Process of the Skull - Frontal Parietal Bone Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone Coronal Suture Ethmoid Bone Sphenoid Bone Vomer Nasal
Bone Lacrimal Bone Zygomatic Bone Maxilla Mandible Ethmoid
Bone
Slide 38
Process of the Skull Inferior View Parietal Bone Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone Palatine Bone Vomer Sphenoid Bone Maxilla Zygomatic
Bone Maxilla Styloid Process Mastoid Process Occipital Condyle
Zygomatic Process
Slide 39
Processes of the Skull Horizontal View Parietal Bone Temporal
Bone Occipital Bone Sphenoid Bone Frontal Bone Ethmoid Bone
Slide 40
Name the Process
Slide 41
Slide 42
Foramina and Other Structures General terms to describe
openings include Foramen, canal, meatus, fissure sinus
Process of the Skull Lateral View Parietal Bone Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone Occipital Bone Lambdoid Suture Squamous Suture
Coronal Suture Sphenoid Bone Ethmoid Bone Maxilla Zygomatic Bone
Nasal Bone Lacrimal Bone Mandible Zygomatic Process Mastoid Process
Styloid Process Mental Foramen External Auditory Meatus
Mandible
Slide 59
Process of the Skull - Frontal Parietal Bone Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone Coronal Suture Ethmoid Bone Sphenoid Bone Vomer Nasal
Bone Lacrimal Bone Zygomatic Bone Maxilla Mandible Ethmoid Bone
Optic Canal Superior Orbital Fissure Supraorbital Foramen
Infraaorbital Foramen
Slide 60
Process of the Skull Inferior View Parietal Bone Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone Palatine Bone Vomer Sphenoid Bone Maxilla Zygomatic
Bone Maxilla Styloid Process Mastoid Process Occipital Condyle
Zygomatic Process Foramen Ovale Carotid Canal Jugular Foramen
Foramen Magnum
Slide 61
Processes of the Skull Horizontal View Parietal Bone Temporal
Bone Occipital Bone Sphenoid Bone Frontal Bone Ethmoid Bone Foramen
Ovale Foramen Magnum Jugular Foramen Carotid Canal Optic Canal