The Rise in
BIG Business
SOL 3d
04/21/23 1
Between the Civil War and World War I, the U. S. was
transformed from an agricultural to an industrial
nation.
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Contribution of Inventions to Industrial
Growth
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Electricity• Thomas Edison
–Lighting–mechanical uses of electricity
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Telephone
• Alexander Graham Bell–Telephone service
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Reasons for the Rise and Prosperity of Big Business
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1. National markets created by transportation advances
• Manufacturers use railroads and canals to ship goods to markets all around the U.S.
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2. Captains of Industries
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Andrew Carnegie
John D. Rockefeller
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Captains of Industry: John D. Rockefeller
• Oil• Owned each step in
the oil production process
• Took over rival companies and made them part of his trusts.
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Captains of Industry: Andrew Carnegie
• Steel• Priced steel below
competitors• Owned the world's
largest industrial corporation - Carnegie Steel
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Captains of Industry: Cornelius Vanderbilt
Shipping• Began building fortune
with coast to coast shipping with steamships.
Railroad• Continued becoming a
millionaire in railroad industry.
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3. Advertising
• Used to increase sales
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4. Lower Cost Production
• New technologies like assembly lines lowered the cost of making goods
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Examples of Big Business
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Industry?
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Who?
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Railroads
Steel17
Industry? Who?
Andrew Carnegie
Changes in Farm and City Life
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Mechanization• Reduced farm labor needs; increased
production
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Industrial Development in Cities
• Created increase need for more labor.
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Industrialization
• Provided new access to consumer goods. (ex. mail order)
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Growth of Industries
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Factors that resulted in growth of industry
1. Access to raw materials and energy– Raw materials: An unprocessed natural
product used to create a final product.• Examples: oil, coal, wood
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Factors that resulted in growth of industry
2. Availability of work force– Immigration– Movement of people from rural to urban
areas.
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Factors that resulted in growth of industry
3. Inventions– Electrification– Telephone– Lighting
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Factors that resulted in growth of industry
4. Financial resources– Corporations
• Investors buy stocks in the company.
• Company uses money as needed.
• Investors receive a share of the profits- called dividends.
– Banking Industry– Loaned millions of dollars to
help industry grow26
Negative Effects of Industrialization
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1. Child Labor
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2. Low wages, long hours
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3. Unsafe Working Conditions
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Effects of Industrialization led to Rise of Organized Labor and
other workplace reforms.
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What is a Labor Union?
• Labor union: A group of workers that promotes and protects the welfare and rights of employees.
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1. Formation of unions
• Growth of American Federation of Labor• A large organization made of many different
unions• Organized by Samuel Gompers
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2. Strikes
• How workers responded in order to get workplace reforms.
• Refusal to work until demands are met
• Homestead Strike
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Homestead Strike
• Workers blamed for violent strike and their demands are not met.
• Membership decreased (from 24,000 to less than 6,000 members)
• Union lost power35
Progressive Movement Workplace Reforms
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1. Improve Safety Conditions
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2. Reduced work hours
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3. Restrictions on Child Labor
Women’s Suffrage Movement
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Words to Know
1. Suffrage: Right to vote2. Suffragist: a man or woman who fought
for a woman’s right to vote.
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Effects of Women’s Suffrage1. Increased educational opportunities2. Attained the right to vote
19th Amendment: guaranteed women the right to vote in all states.
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Suffrage Leaders
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Susan B. Anthony
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
• Worked for women’s suffrage
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Temperance Movement
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What was the Temperance Movement?
• Made up of groups that opposed to (against) the making and consuming of alcohol.
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18th Amendment• Prohibited (illegal) the manufacture, sale, and
transport of alcoholic beverages.• Start of era known as Prohibition
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