The Rise in

BIG Business

SOL 3d

04/21/23 1

Between the Civil War and World War I, the U. S. was

transformed from an agricultural to an industrial

nation.

2

Contribution of Inventions to Industrial

Growth

3

Electricity• Thomas Edison

–Lighting–mechanical uses of electricity

4

Telephone

• Alexander Graham Bell–Telephone service

5

Reasons for the Rise and Prosperity of Big Business

6

1. National markets created by transportation advances

• Manufacturers use railroads and canals to ship goods to markets all around the U.S.

7

2. Captains of Industries

8

Andrew Carnegie

John D. Rockefeller

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Captains of Industry: John D. Rockefeller

• Oil• Owned each step in

the oil production process

• Took over rival companies and made them part of his trusts.

9

Captains of Industry: Andrew Carnegie

• Steel• Priced steel below

competitors• Owned the world's

largest industrial corporation - Carnegie Steel

10

Captains of Industry: Cornelius Vanderbilt

Shipping• Began building fortune

with coast to coast shipping with steamships.

Railroad• Continued becoming a

millionaire in railroad industry.

11

3. Advertising

• Used to increase sales

12

4. Lower Cost Production

• New technologies like assembly lines lowered the cost of making goods

13

Examples of Big Business

14

Industry?

15

Who?

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Railroads

Oil16

Industry? Who?

John D. Rockefeller

Steel17

Industry? Who?

Andrew Carnegie

Changes in Farm and City Life

18

Mechanization• Reduced farm labor needs; increased

production

19

Industrial Development in Cities

• Created increase need for more labor.

20

Industrialization

• Provided new access to consumer goods. (ex. mail order)

21

Growth of Industries

22

Factors that resulted in growth of industry

1. Access to raw materials and energy– Raw materials: An unprocessed natural

product used to create a final product.• Examples: oil, coal, wood

23

Factors that resulted in growth of industry

2. Availability of work force– Immigration– Movement of people from rural to urban

areas.

24

Factors that resulted in growth of industry

3. Inventions– Electrification– Telephone– Lighting

25

Factors that resulted in growth of industry

4. Financial resources– Corporations

• Investors buy stocks in the company.

• Company uses money as needed.

• Investors receive a share of the profits- called dividends.

– Banking Industry– Loaned millions of dollars to

help industry grow26

Negative Effects of Industrialization

27

1. Child Labor

28

2. Low wages, long hours

29

3. Unsafe Working Conditions

30

Effects of Industrialization led to Rise of Organized Labor and

other workplace reforms.

31

What is a Labor Union?

• Labor union: A group of workers that promotes and protects the welfare and rights of employees.

32

1. Formation of unions

• Growth of American Federation of Labor• A large organization made of many different

unions• Organized by Samuel Gompers

33

2. Strikes

• How workers responded in order to get workplace reforms.

• Refusal to work until demands are met

• Homestead Strike

34

Homestead Strike

• Workers blamed for violent strike and their demands are not met.

• Membership decreased (from 24,000 to less than 6,000 members)

• Union lost power35

Progressive Movement Workplace Reforms

36

37

1. Improve Safety Conditions

38

2. Reduced work hours

39

3. Restrictions on Child Labor

Women’s Suffrage Movement

40

Words to Know

1. Suffrage: Right to vote2. Suffragist: a man or woman who fought

for a woman’s right to vote.

41

Effects of Women’s Suffrage1. Increased educational opportunities2. Attained the right to vote

19th Amendment: guaranteed women the right to vote in all states.

42

Suffrage Leaders

43

Susan B. Anthony

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

• Worked for women’s suffrage

44

Temperance Movement

45

What was the Temperance Movement?

• Made up of groups that opposed to (against) the making and consuming of alcohol.

46

18th Amendment• Prohibited (illegal) the manufacture, sale, and

transport of alcoholic beverages.• Start of era known as Prohibition

47