The Middle and Southern Colonies
The Middle Colonies New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware
New Netherland Becomes New York
New Netherland settled by the Dutch in 1624
The Dutch West India company used the patroon system to attract settlers
A patroon is a person who received land as a reward for bringing 50 settlers to New Netherland
New Netherland Becomes New York Puritans, Jews, and
Africans slaves were among those who lived in New Netherland
Colony’s governor was Peter Stuyvesant.
New Netherland Becomes New York English saw Dutch control of
New Netherlands as a threat because: Closeness to other colonies Threat to English trade
Duke of York, brother of King Charles II, drove the Dutch out by surrounding the city of New Amsterdam (New York)
New Netherland became New York , a proprietary colony. The Duke was the proprietor, or owner.
New Jersey Given to Sir George
Carteret and Lord John Berkeley by their friend the Duke of York
Promised religious freedom, large land grants, and a representative assembly.
Pennsylvania William Penn, the
founder of Pennsylvania, was given the land by King Charles II due to a debt owed to his family.
Founded for Quakers Promised religious
freedom and equality for all
Penn’s policies made Pennsylvania one the wealthiest colonies
Delaware Originally the
three lower counties of Pennsylvania.
They broke away to form the colony of Delaware
A Wealth of Resources Longer growing
season and rich soil made the growing of cash crops, or crops raised to be sold for money, a common source of income.
Diversity Dutch and German
farmers brought advanced agricultural methods
Skills, knowledge, and hard work soon led to an abundance of foods
The Importance of Mills Gristmills were
used to crush grain between two heavy stones to produce flour or meal.
Mills were powered by humans, animals, or rivers
Middle colonies had many rivers http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hg
L0HluK5ig
The Growth of Cities in the Middle Colonies Harbors along the coast
gave birth to cities New York City grew up
at the mouth of the Hudson River
Philadelphia grew up at the mouth of the Delaware River
Exported cash crops and imported manufactured goods from Europe
Germans in the Middle Colonies Largest of group of non-English
immigrants Many came as indentured servants
fleeing religious intolerance Strong tradition of craftsmanship
brought many artisans, or craftspeople to the Middle Colonies
Germans in the Middle Colonies
Conestoga wagons were built to carry produce to town
Wide wheels suitable for dirt roads
Canvas covers offer protection
Religious Tolerance Middle colonies much more tolerant of other
faiths than in New England Dutch of New York and Quakers of
Pennsylvania both practiced religious tolerance
Quakers were anti-slavery and opposed to cruel treatment of Native Americans
Quakers insisted on equality of men and women Example: Quaker women served as preachers
The Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia
Maryland Founded by Lord
Baltimore in 1632 as a refuge for Roman Catholics
Promised religious freedom and passed the Toleration Act in 1649.
Economy based on tobacco and slaves
The Carolinas Carolina founded in
1663 City of Charleston
became a refuge for Huguenots
Grew rice and indigo, which created a need for slave labor
Used enslaved Africans and local Native Americans were bought and sold as well
The Carolinas Colonists overthrew
proprietary rule, so it became a royal colony, or ruled by governors appointed by the king, in 1729.
Split into North Carolina and South Carolina
Georgia Founded by James
Oglethorpe Filled with convicts
who were imprisoned for owing taxes
Sentences were forgiven in exchange for going to colony to work
The Plantation Economy Almost year-round
growing season and rich soil
Plantation farming became a way of life
Created a demand for slave labor
The Plantation Economy Plantations were
self-sufficient Made or produced
almost everything they needed
Because of this, large cities like those in the North were rare – Charles Town was the exception
The Turn To Slavery
Plantations Expand
Spread of plantations growing mainly rice and indigo
More Africans brought into the Southern colonies
Decrease in the use of indentured servants
The Planter Class Term used to describe the VERY wealthy Very few owned the majority of the land Owned LOTS of slaves to work the land Controlled all of the political and
economic power This situation remained until the Civil
War
Life Under Slavery Slaves worked in groups under the
supervision of overseers – men hired to watch over and direct the work of slaves
Usually worked 15 hours a day. Whipped by the overseer if they seemed they weren’t working hard enough
Life Under Slavery Lived in small, one-room cabins
furnished only with sleeping cots Give very little to eat
Example: ¼ bushel of corn and 1 pound of pork per week
Some could raise their own gardens
Resistance to Slavery
Subtle Resistance Working slowly Damaging owner’s property Doing things the wrong way purposefully
Not-so-subtle resistance Slave Revolts
Example: Stono Rebellion
Effects of Slave Rebellions1. Slaves forbidden to leave plantations without permission2. Illegal for slaves to meet with free blacks
The Backcountry Appalachian
mountains run from eastern Canada south to Alabama
Backcountry Settlers Some made living by trading with Native
Americans Springs and streams provided water and
forests provided wood for log cabins and fences
Paid for goods with deerskins. One buckskin was called a ………………..
Backcountry Homes Filled holes with
mud, grass, and clay
Sawed out doors and windows
Paper smeared with animal fat to cover their windows
The Scots - Irish Came from borderland between Scotland and
England
Persecution, poverty, and crop
failure
Clans, or large groups of
families, of Scots-Irish came by the
1000s
Backcountry Life “She is a very civil women and shows
nothing of ruggedness or Immodesty in her carriage, yett she will carry a gunn in the woods and kill deer, turkeys, etc., shoot doun wild cattle, catch and tye hoggs, knock down cattle with an ax and perform the most manfull Exercises.”
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