THE GROWTH OF INDUSTRIAL PROSPERITY
&EMERGENCE OF MASS SOCIETY
Chapter 20 .1-2Pages 652-665
2nd Industrial Revolution Impact p.652-655• 1st Industrial Rev. -textiles, railroads, iron & coal. • 2nd Industrial Rev. -steel, chemicals, electricity & petroleum -
economies more productive.– Increased manufactured goods sales =increased wages – Steam ship & railroad = lower transportation cost = cheaper
products. • Industrialized trades with unindustrialized
– Assembly line- efficient mass production (Henry Ford)
Reforms for the working class p.655-657• Reformers -industrial capitalism brutal. – moderates -gradual changes.– Radical –abolish capitalism for socialism• Karl Marx–Oppressors(bourgeoisie/factory owners/control
gov & society) vs. oppressed (proletariat/ workers)»Revolution-winner proletariat -Classless
society • 2 socialist Groups–Pure Marxist-violent revolution –Revisionist –work with political parties
• Trade unions -workers rights
The New Urban Environment p. 658-659• Few rural jobs-Urbanization increased– Crowed &unsanitary– Mass society demands gov. attention• Increased standard of living–Public Health & Sanitation»Boards of health-improve housing»Sewage systems-underground pipes
Industrial Age Social Structure page 660• The New Elite – Industrialists, bankers, & merchants +old world
landed aristocracy =new elite. – gov & military Leaders.
• The Middle Class– lawyers, doctors, business managers, accountants, – values that dominated society. • Hard work =good results
• The Working Class – landholding peasants, farm laborers, &
sharecroppers.
Women’s Experiences 661-662
• 1800’s identity• Inferior to men & homemakers
– New Job Opportunities–Secretaries, typists, & sales clerks
– Less children –more attention (family centered)– Feminism – fight for women's rights & suffrage
Education & leisure pages 664-665– Public education- needed new jobs, patriotism & voting– Leisure –time after work• Scheduled, passive, paid activities
Section 20-1 Review• The working class• Proletariat• What elements made possible the Second
Industrial Revolution?• Steel. Chemicals, electricity, and petroleum• The little-industrial nations of southern and
eastern Europe provided what for the industrial countries?
• Food and raw materials
Section 20-1 Review
• Engine type fired by oil and gasoline• Internal-combustion• According to Marx, the means of production
were owned by who?• The ruling class oppressors• One form of Marxist socialism was eventually
called what?• Communism• Marxists who rejected violent revolution• revisionists
Section 20-1 Review• Absolute governmental power by an individual
or a group• Dictatorship• Organized work stoppages called by unions• Strikes• The Second International was an association
of what kind of group?• socialist
Section 20-2 Review• Workers without training or experience• Unskilled labor• 3 reasons that Urban populations grew ? • More jobs brought more people into the city,
improved living conditions helped people survive living close together, and medical officers and building inspectors watched for hazards.
Section 20-2 Review• The right to vote• Suffrage• Movement for women’s rights• Feminism• The new wealthy elite in Europe consisted of
aristocrats and ___, _____, and ______.• Industrialists, bankers, and merchants.• The ability to read• literacy
Section 20-2 Review• The European middle classes tended to
believe in the ideas of what 2 things?• Hard work and etiquette• Public education helped make people more
what?• Patriotic• Compulsory elementary education eventually
created a new demand for what 3 tings?• Teachers, female colleges, and newspapers.
Section 20-2 Review• Central institution of middle-class life• The family• The Second Industrial Revolution opened up
jobs for whom?• women
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